The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Frankel ◽  
Mirna Perusina Lanfranca ◽  
Weiping Zou
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy

scholarly journals The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer metastases: opportunities in cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 1083-1100
Author(s):  
Yasmin Kamal ◽  
Stephanie L Schmit ◽  
Hildreth Robert Frost ◽  
Christopher I Amos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Metastases

About a fifth of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with disease metastasis at the time of diagnosis. While the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in governing CRC progression is undeniable, the role of the TME in either establishing or suppressing the formation of distant metastases of CRC is less well established. Despite advances in immunotherapy, many individuals with metastatic CRC do not respond to standard-of-care therapy. Therefore, understanding the role of the TME in establishing distant metastases is essential for developing new immunological agents. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the TME of CRC metastases, describe differences between the TME of primary tumors and their distant metastases, and discuss advances in the design and combinations of immunotherapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Targeting the interleukin-17 immune axis for cancer immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo A. Vitiello ◽  
George Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Cell Immunotherapy ◽  
Insight Into

The role of IL-17 in cancer remains controversial. Emerging evidence suggests that during early oncogenesis IL-17 supports tumor growth, whereas in established tumors IL-17 production by γδ and Th17 cells potentiates antitumor immunity. Consequently, γδ and Th17 cells are attractive targets for immunotherapy in the IL-17 immune axis. To optimize IL-17–based immunotherapy, a deeper understanding of the cytokines dictating IL-17 production and the polarity of γδ and Th17 cells is critical. Here, we delve into the dichotomous roles of IL-17 in cancer and provide insight into the tumor microenvironment conducive for successful IL-17–based γδ and Th17 cell immunotherapy.

Role of tumor microenvironment in the regulation of PD‐L1: A novel role in resistance to cancer immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (10) ◽  
pp. 6496-6506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirvana Kalantari Khandani ◽  
Atefeh Ghahremanloo ◽  
Seyed Isaac Hashemy
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy

scholarly journals Role of Macrophage in Tumor Microenvironment: Prospect in Cancer Immunotherapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Gautam ◽  
P. Deepak ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy

scholarly journals Metallic Nanoparticle-Mediated Immune Cell Regulation and Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Adityanarayan Mohapatra ◽  
Padmanaban Sathiyamoorthy ◽  
In-Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticle

Cancer immunotherapy strategies leveraging the body’s own immune system against cancer cells have gained significant attention due to their remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Several immune therapies have been approved for clinical use while expanding the modalities of cancer therapy. However, they are still not effective in a broad range of cancer patients because of the typical immunosuppressive microenvironment and limited antitumor immunity achieved with the current treatment. Novel approaches, such as nanoparticle-mediated cancer immunotherapies, are being developed to overcome these challenges. Various types of nanoparticles, including liposomal, polymeric, and metallic nanoparticles, are reported for the development of effective cancer therapeutics. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one of the promising candidates for anticancer therapy due to their unique theranostic properties and are thus explored as both imaging and therapeutic agents. In addition, MNPs offer a dense surface functionalization to target tumor tissue and deliver genetic, therapeutic, and immunomodulatory agents. Furthermore, MNPs interact with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and regulate the levels of tumor hypoxia, glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for remodulation of TME for successful therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment modulation and anticancer therapy. In particular, we evaluated the response of MNP-mediated immune cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells and NK cells, against tumor cells and analyzed the role of MNP-based cancer therapies in regulating the immunosuppressive environment.

scholarly journals Exploring the Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiota and Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Qiu ◽  
Yuqi Lin ◽  
Yucui Ma ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Juan Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
The Impact

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escapes from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiome is associated with cancer in a variety of ways, as specific microbial signatures are known to promote cancer development and influence safety, tolerability, and efficacy of therapies. Studies over the past five years have shown that the composition of the intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer immunosurveillance, which contribute to the therapeutic activity of cancer immunotherapies based on targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. In this review, we mainly discuss the impact of TME on cancer and immunotherapy through immune-related mechanisms. We subsequently discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the host immune system and the formation of TME. In addition, this review also summarizes the latest research on the role of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.

The Role of Cytokines in Interactions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Breast Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariharan Jayaraman ◽  
Nalinkanth V. Ghone ◽  
Ranjith Kumaran R ◽  
Himanshu Dashora
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Extra Cellular Matrix ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Cellular Matrix

: Mesenchymal stem cells because of its high proliferation, differentiation, regenerative capacity, and ease of availability have been a popular choice in cytotherapy. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have a natural tendency to home in a tumor microenvironment and acts against it, owing to the similarity of the latter to an injured tissue environment. Several studies have confirmed the recruitment of MSCs by tumor through various cytokine signaling that brings about phenotypic changes to cancer cells, thereby promoting migration, invasion, and adhesion of cancer cells. The contrasting results on MSCs as a tool for cancer cytotherapy may be due to the complex cell to cell interaction in the tumor microenvironment, which involves various cell types such as cancer cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and cancer stem cells. Cell to cell communication can be simple or complex and it is transmitted through various cytokines among multiple cell phenotypes, mechano-elasticity of the extra-cellular matrix surrounding the cancer cells, and hypoxic environments. In this article, the role of the extra-cellular matrix proteins and soluble mediators that acts as communicators between mesenchymal stem cells and cancer cells has been reviewed specifically for breast cancer, as it is the leading member of cancer malignancies. The comprehensive information may be beneficial in finding a new combinatorial cytotherapeutic strategy using MSCs by exploiting the cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and cancer cells for treating breast cancer.

Beyond Promoter: The Role of Macrophage in Invasion and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Haibao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Tumor Stem Cell ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment, and they are generally considered to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarized the recent researches on macrophage in the invasiveness and progression of RCC in latest years, and we also introduced and discussed many studies about macrophage in RCC to promote angiogenesis by changing tumor microenvironment and inhibit immune response in order to activate tumor progression. Moreover, macrophage interactes with various cytokines to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and it also promotes tumor stem cell formation and induces drug resistance in the progression of RCC. The highlight of this review is to make a summary of the roles of macrophage in the invasion and progression of RCC; at the same time to raise some potential and possible targets for future RCC therapy.

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