Infectious Disease in Wild Animal Populations: Examining Transmission and Control with Mathematical Models

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-266
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Berg ◽  
James D. Forester ◽  
Meggan E. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities Developing Mathematical Models of Shared Pathogens of Domestic and Wild Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Huyvaert ◽  
Robin Russell ◽  
Kelly Patyk ◽  
Meggan Craft ◽  
Paul Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
And Control

Diseases that affect both wild and domestic animals can be particularly difficult to prevent, predict, mitigate, and control. Such multi-host diseases can have devastating economic impacts on domestic animal producers and can present significant challenges to wildlife populations, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Few mathematical models exist that capture the complexities of these multi-host pathogens, yet the development of such models would allow us to estimate and compare the potential effectiveness of management actions for mitigating or suppressing disease in wildlife and/or livestock host populations. We conducted a workshop in March 2014 to identify the challenges associated with developing models of pathogen transmission across the wildlife-livestock interface. The development of mathematical models of pathogen transmission at this interface is hampered by the difficulties associated with describing the host-pathogen systems, including: (1) the identity of wildlife hosts, their distributions, and movement patterns; (2) the pathogen transmission pathways between wildlife and domestic animals; (3) the effects of the disease and concomitant mitigation efforts on wild and domestic animal populations; and (4) barriers to communication between sectors. To promote the development of mathematical models of transmission at this interface, we recommend further integration of modern quantitative techniques and improvement of communication among wildlife biologists, mathematical modelers, veterinary medicine professionals, producers, and other stakeholders concerned with the consequences of pathogen transmission at this important, yet poorly understood, interface.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Model for Pediatrics Patients with Leprosy Infection

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bukola Badeji–Ajisafe ◽  
Ajibade Idowu Victor ◽  
Ajibade Abimbola Omotola
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
And Control

Leprosy Infection (LI) is a long-term chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. This infectious disease has caused the public issue in many countries around the globe. The disease is prevalent among the adults, although there are now cases of the minor contacting this disease through household contact which is the primary source of infection such as (babysitters, neighbors). The emerging and reemerging diseases have led to a revived interest in infectious diseases in which mathematical models have become important tools in analyzing the spread and control of infectious diseases. Mathematical models are used in comparing, planning, implementing, evaluating and optimizing various detection, prevention therapy, and control programs, the model provides conceptual results such as threshold and basic reproduction number. In this paper, the Passive Immunity Pediatrics (M) - susceptible- Exposed-infected-recovered-susceptible (MSEIRS) model was adopted to depict the spread of infections in our environment.

scholarly journals Simple mathematical models for controlling COVID-19 transmission through social distancing and community awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Elgazzar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Small World ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
And Control

Abstract The novel COVID-19 pandemic is a current, major global health threat. Up till now, there is no fully approved pharmacological treatment or a vaccine. Also, its origin is still mysterious. In this study, simple mathematical models were employed to examine the dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19 taking into consideration social distancing and community awareness. Both situations of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous population were considered. Based on the calculations, a sufficient degree of social distancing based on its reproductive ratio is found to be effective in controlling COVID-19, even in the absence of a vaccine. With a vaccine, social distancing minimizes the sufficient vaccination rate to control the disease. Community awareness also has a great impact in eradicating the virus transmission. The model is simulated on small-world networks and the role of social distancing in controlling the infection is explained.

Fractal analysis and control of the competition model

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mianmian Zhang ◽  
Yongping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Julia Set ◽  
Julia Sets ◽  
Competition Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Population Competition ◽  
And Control

Lotka–Volterra population competition model plays an important role in mathematical models. In this paper, Julia set of the competition model is introduced by use of the ideas and methods of Julia set in fractal geometry. Then feedback control is taken on the Julia set of the model. And synchronization of two different Julia sets of the model with different parameters is discussed, which makes one Julia set change to be another. The simulation results show the efficacy of these methods.

scholarly journals Dot map cartograms for detection of infectious disease outbreaks: an application to Q fever, the Netherlands and pertussis, Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Soetens ◽  
Susan Hahné ◽  
Jacco Wallinga
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
And Control

Geographical mapping of infectious diseases is an important tool for detecting and characterising outbreaks. Two common mapping methods, dot maps and incidence maps, have important shortcomings. The former does not represent population density and can compromise case privacy, and the latter relies on pre-defined administrative boundaries. We propose a method that overcomes these limitations: dot map cartograms. These create a point pattern of cases while reshaping spatial units, such that spatial area becomes proportional to population size. We compared these dot map cartograms with standard dot maps and incidence maps on four criteria, using two example datasets. Dot map cartograms were able to illustrate both incidence and absolute numbers of cases (criterion 1): they revealed potential source locations (Q fever, the Netherlands) and clusters with high incidence (pertussis, Germany). Unlike incidence maps, they were insensitive to choices regarding spatial scale (criterion 2). Dot map cartograms ensured the privacy of cases (criterion 3) by spatial distortion; however, this occurred at the expense of recognition of locations (criterion 4). We demonstrate that dot map cartograms are a valuable method for detection and visualisation of infectious disease outbreaks, which facilitates informed and appropriate actions by public health professionals, to investigate and control outbreaks.

scholarly journals The Empowerment of Integrated Development Post of Non-Communicable Diseases in Efforts to Prevent and Control Non- Communicable Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Yandrizal Yandrizal ◽  
Rizanda Machmud ◽  
Melinda Noer ◽  
Hardisman Hardisman ◽  
Afrizal Afrizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Non-Communicable disease has already been the main cause of death in many countries, as many as 57 million death in the world in 2008, 36 million (63 percent) is because of un-infectious disease, specifically heart illness, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. Prevention and controlling efforts of un-infectious diseases developing in Indonesia is non-communicable disease integrated development post (Pospindu PTM). This research used combination method approach with exploratory design. Exploratory design with sequential procedure used combination consecutively, the first is qualitative and the second is quantitative method. Public Health Center formed Posbindu PTM has not disseminate yet to all stakeholders. Posbindu PTM members felt benefit by following this activity. Some of them did not know follow the activity because of unknown about it. There was  connection between coming behavior to Posbindu PTM to preventing behavior of non-communicable disease.Percentage for high blood pressure risk indicated 20-25 percent from all visitors. Formulation of its policy implementation started with stakeholder analysis; head of sub district, head of urban village, head of health department in regency/city, head of public health service, head of neighborhood Association, and the head of family welfare development.  Analysis of perception, power and authority found that every stakeholder had authority to manage the member directly or indirectly. It was not implemented because of the lack knowledge of stakeholders about the Posbindu PTM function.They would play a role after knowing the aim and advantage of the post by motivate the people to do early detection, prevention and control the non-communicable disease. The members were given wide knowledge about  early detection, preventing  and control the un-infectious disease, measuring and checking up their healthy continuously so that keep feeling the advantage of coming to the post.

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