An Information System Supporting the Eliciting of Expert Knowledge for Successful IT Projects

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Patalas-Maliszewska ◽  
Irene Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
It Projects

scholarly journals Fully Automated Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections with MONI-ICU

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mandl ◽  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
W. Koller ◽  
A. Blacky
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Healthcare Associated

SummaryObjective: Expert surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is a key parameter for good clinical practice, especially in intensive care medicine. Assessment of clinical entities such as HCAIs is a time-consuming task for highly trained experts. Such are neither available nor affordable in sufficient numbers for continuous surveillance services. Intelligent information technology (IT) tools are in urgent demand.Methods: MONI-ICU (monitoring of nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs)) has been developed methodologically and practically in a stepwise manner and is a reliable surveillance IT tool for clinical experts. It uses information from the patient data management systems in the ICUs, the laboratory information system, and the administrative hospital information system of the Vienna General Hospital as well as medical expert knowledge on infection criteria applied in a multilevel approach which includes fuzzy logic rules.Results: We describe the use of this system in clinical routine and compare the results generated automatically by MONI-ICU with those generated in parallel by trained surveillance staff using patient chart reviews and other available information (“gold standard”). A total of 99 ICU patient admissions representing 1007 patient days were analyzed. MONI-ICU identified correctly the presence of an HCAI condition in 28/31 cases (sensitivity, 90.3%) and their absence in 68/68 of the non-HCAI cases (specificity, 100%), the latter meaning that MONI-ICU produced no “false alarms”. The 3 missed cases were due to correctable technical errors. The time taken for conventional surveillance at the 52 ward visits was 82.5 hours. MONI-ICU analysis of the same patient cases, including careful review of the generated results, required only 12.5 hours (15.2%).Conclusion: Provided structured and sufficient information on clinical findings is online available, MONI-ICU provides an almost real-time view of clinical indicators for HCAI – at the cost of almost no additional time on the part of surveillance staff or clinicians.

scholarly journals Evaluation of IT-Investments

2005 ◽  
pp. 378-386
Author(s):  
Tünde Rózsa
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Private Business ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Total Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
It Investments ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Investment Process

An informatical innovation is essentially a private business in the life of a venture but the ability of evolution and adaptability of ventures is remarkable for the national economy too. This is why it is important to observe the economical effects of IT investments. The introduction of an information system – as in the cases of other investments – requires pre- and post-calculations for payback of fixed assest, thrift and profitability. The operation of an information system means not only one-off acquisition of instruments and intangible assets, but requires continuous development, version control and improvement of hardware in the sake of conservation. There is a high rate of depreciation of IT investments in Hungary, because such goods change too quickly, together with the economic environment. If the conservation of IT instrument value wanted one has to make new expansions continually. IT specialists have determined some indices, one of which is Total cost of Ownership, which is an important indicator for investment analysis. In practice, there are some other models and methods we can adopt in our analysis. In this paper, I collected several relevant and usable methods for pre analysis of IT projects. Management can adopt these models in his investment process to make sound decisions.

scholarly journals INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF INTOXICATION OF THE ORGANISM BASED ON THE BAYES NETWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (163) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
O. Moyseenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Electrode Potentials

An expert system is a computer program that simulates the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field. It is a program that emulates the interaction a user might have with a human expert to solve a problem. The end user provides input by selecting one or more answers from a list or by entering data. An Expert System is a problem solving and decision making system based on knowledge of its task and logical rules or procedures for using knowledge. Both the knowledge and the logic are obtained from the experience of a specialist in the area. This paper considers approaches to building a knowledge base for medical systems. In developing the knowledge base of the information system, Bayesian networks were chosen as the basis for the decision-making model by type of patient pathology. This choice was due to the availability of these networks the ability to work with uncertain knowledge used in the diagnosis of diseases, in choosing the optimal course of treatment and subsequent prediction of patients. In addition, they offer the most adequate formal representation of inaccurate knowledge, as they are the result of a synthesis of statistical methods of data analysis and artificial intelligence. The presence of hydrosulfide ion intoxication (HS-intoxication), divalent iron ion intoxication (Fe-intoxication), the patient's absence of pathology and the value of Ag2S and Pt electrode potentials were selected as nodes of this network. Based on the accumulated experience of monitoring the condition of patients during their postoperative treatment (data obtained in collaboration with Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University), as well as experimental data, conditional probabilities of values that can take the readings of the electrodes were established. Experimental testing of the adequacy of the proposed and implemented model was performed on an array of data from potentiometric measurements of patients' biomaterial. The prediction made by the network was taken as the node that had the highest probability of being in a state that indicates the presence of a pathology. Comparison of the results of the network with data obtained by other methods showed their convergence in 85% of cases. Thus, the developed network can be used to facilitate the process of diagnosing the presence and type of intoxication of the patient and is included in the information system for monitoring the patient's condition.

scholarly journals The problem of choice of optimal technological decisions on harvester control

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 04023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery P. Dimitrov ◽  
Lyudmila V. Borisova ◽  
Inna N. Nurutdinova ◽  
Viktor I. Pakhomov ◽  
V.P. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Logic Inference

The paper considers the problem of determining optimal technological decisions on a harvester control which includes the choice of the harvester adjustable parameters at presetting and also their updating in the process of operation. To solve this problem, an information system of decision making support based on fuzzy expert knowledge is used. The expedience of this approach is stipulated by the data fuzziness about the factors of the environment in which the harvester is operating and also by complex and system of uncertain interrelations among external factors, adjustable parameters and harvesting quality indices. For the case of harvesting grain crops an expert knowledge base has been made which makes it possible to formalize empirical knowledge about the dependencies of the harvester adjustable parameters on the environment factors such as crop yield, stand of grain humidity, stand of grain dockage rough straw. The most essential adjustable parameters have been considered: speed of the harvester motion, rotational speed of a threshing drum and rotor speed of a separator fan. Fuzzy logic inference has been performed with the help of Fuzzy Logic Toolbox application package (Matlab). The examples of technological decisions of the harvester preliminary adjustment at different environmental conditions have been presented, accurate values of the adjustable parameters were calculated by the «barycentre» method.

scholarly journals SISTEM PAKAR SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KOMPUTER DI PROGRAM STUDI ILMU GIZI PADA UNIVERSISTAS DHYANA PURA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tonyjanto ◽  
Ni Putu Eny Sulistyadewi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Nutrition Study

ABSTRACT<br />Expert System is an information system that contains with expert knowledge so that it can be used for consultation. The knowledge of the experts in this system is used as a basis by the Expert System to answer the question (consultation). Expertise is an extensive and specific knowledge gained through a series of training, reading, and experience. Knowledge enables experts to make decisions better and faster than non-experts in solving complex problems. Experts have a tiered nature, top experts have more knowledge than junior experts. The purpose of Expert System is to transfer expertise to a computer, then to someone else (who is not an expert). Expert System is now widely used and found on some websites that are consultation on the world of health. researchers see the opportunity how the application of expert systems that made the goal to create a learning medium where currently common applications used can not be used freely on nutrition students. With the application of expert system, it is expected that students in Nutrition study program get the learning process in analysis and consultation.<br />Key Word : Expert System, science of nutrition, and Web<br />ABSTRAK<br />Sistem Pakar(dalam bahasa Inggris :expert system) adalah sistem informasi yang berisi dengan pengetahuan dari pakar sehingga dapat digunakan untuk konsultasi. Pengetahuan dari pakar di dalam sistem ini digunakan sebagi dasar oleh Sistem Pakar untuk menjawab pertanyaan (konsultasi). Kepakaran (expertise) adalah pengetahuan yang ekstensif dan spesifik yang diperoleh melalui rangkaian pelatihan, membaca, dan pengalaman. Pengetahuan membuat pakar dapat mengambil keputusan secara lebih baik dan lebih cepat daripada non-pakar dalam memecahkan problem yang kompleks. Kepakaran mempunyai sifat berjenjang, pakar top memiliki pengetahuan lebih banyak daripada pakar yunior. Tujuan Sistem Pakar adalah untuk mentransfer kepakaran dari seorang pakar ke komputer, kemudian ke orang lain (yang bukan pakar).Sistem Pakar saat ini sudah banyak digunakan dan ditemukan pada beberapa website yang bersifat konsultasi pada dunia kesehatan. peneliti melihat peluang bagaimana aplikasi sistem pakar yang dibuat tujuannya untuk membuat media pembelajaran dimana saat ini aplikasi umum yang digunakan tidak dapat digunakan secara bebas pada mahasiswa gizi. Dengan adanya aplikasi sistem pakar, diharapkan mahasiswa pada program studi ilmu Gizi mendapatkan proses pembelajaran dalam analisa dan konsultasi<br />Kata kunci: Sistem Pakar(Expert System), Ilmu Gizi, dan Web

Information Technologies: Survival Mechanism or Competitive Advantage?

2010 ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
N. Rozanova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information System ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Competitive Strategy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Survival Mechanism ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Efficiency Factors

What is information technology for modern business? Is it an ordinary resource among many others necessary for simple existence of a firm? Or is it the key factor of a company’s competitive strategy? In the article, risks and advantages of a corporate IT system, IT projects efficiency factors are analyzed. World experience has shown that the information system could be efficient only under conditions of complementary components being introduced and utilized along with it.

Multi-Disciplinary Collaboration to Unravel Expert Knowledge

2011 ◽  
pp. 309-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth McKay ◽  
Jennifer Martin
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Information Systems Design

This chapter introduces project management as a pivotal tool that underpins successful information systems design. It argues that the strength of the human-dimension of human-computer interaction (HCI) is often omitted by system designers. It discusses some of the issues that arise when dealing with a multi-disciplined project team. These include dealing with a non-conventional learning context, the challenge of designing an appropriate learning design and instructional architecture. Furthermore, the authors hope that understanding the underlying principles of effective conflict management throughout the process of systems design will inform others of a better communication methodology for dealing with difficult behaviour when designing an information system. It is also hoped that this discussion will assist in the understanding of the intricate and interactive relationships that arise between the different elements of HCI.

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