Mechanism of a Transient but Long-Lasting Immune Memory Function on a Self/Non-Self Boundary

Data assimilation (DA) has been widely used in land surface models (LSM) to improve model state estimates. Among various DA methods, the particle filter (PF) with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) has become increasingly popular for estimating the states of the nonlinear and non-Gaussian LSMs. However, the standard PF always suffers from the particle impoverishment problem, characterized by loss of particle diversity. To solve this problem, an immune evolution particle filter with MCMC simulation inspired by the biological immune system, entitled IEPFM, is proposed for DA in this paper. The merit of this approach is in imitating the antibody diversity preservation mechanism to further improve particle diversity, thus increasing the accuracy of estimates. Furthermore, the immune memory function refers to promise particle evolution process towards optimal estimates. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the numerical simulation experiment using a highly nonlinear atmospheric model. Finally, IEPFM is applied to a soil moisture (SM) assimilation experiment, which assimilates in situ observations into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to estimate SM in the MaQu network region of the Tibetan Plateau. Both synthetic and real case experiments demonstrate that IEPFM mitigates particle impoverishment and provides more accurate assimilation results compared with other popular DA algorithms.

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Sishen Pill Regulates Memory T Cells in Mice with Colitis via JAK/STAT 5 Signaling Pathway

10.21203/rs.3.rs-685615/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengxue Wang ◽

Youbao Zhong ◽

Zengping Kang ◽

Jiaqi Huang ◽

Siyi Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

T Cells ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Memory T Cells ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Memory Function ◽

Immune Memory ◽

Colonic Injury ◽

Stat Signaling ◽

The Status

Abstract Background: Memory T cell (Tm) has a pivotal role as host protection in autoimmune inflammatory diseases via a JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription used to treat chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is still unclear whether SSP can regulate immune memory function. In this study, we examined the effect of SSP and whether it can regulate immune memory function through a JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice per group): Normal group (Normal), health mice without DSS administration; DSS group (DSS), mice with DSS administration; Sishen pill treated (DSS+SSP) group, colitis mice treated with SSP for 7 days; Mesalazine controlled (DSS+5-ASA) group, colitis mice treated with mesalazine for 7 days. The therapeutic effect of SSP was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observation; Tm and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry; Activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was analyzed using a Western blot.Results: SSP significantly reversed weight loss and colonic injury (colon weight increase and colonic length shortening) caused by 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressions on central memory T cells were enhanced after SSP treatment, while the CD4+ Tcm, CD4+ mTfh (memory T follicular helper) cells and their subpopulations were also significantly increased. Moreover, SSP inhibited the expression of STAT5 signaling pathway proteins JAK1, PIAS3, STAT5, p-STAT5, BIM, BAX, Caspase-3, and β-casein and promoted the expression of JAK3, PISA1, Bcl-2, and Caveolin-1. Conclusions: SSP can be used to effectively treat DSS-induced colitis by improving the status of immune memory via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

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Continuous VA deficiency during postnatal development decreases rat learning and memory function via excitatory Ca2+neuron

Cell Biology International ◽

10.1042/cbi034s018a ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. S18-S18

Author(s):

Wei Jiang ◽

Enyi Wen ◽

Min Gong ◽

Yang Bi ◽

Xiaojuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postnatal Development ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Memory Function

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Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000624 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunmin Park ◽

Sunna Kang ◽

Da Sol Kim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Memory Function ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Impaired Memory ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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Impact of Comorbid Depression on Serial Position Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽

Sandra Dick ◽

Thomas G. Riemer ◽

Carsten Schleussner ◽

Monique Goerke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Serial Position ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Function ◽

Word List ◽

Position Effects ◽

Serial Position Effects ◽

List Memory

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.

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