Immune Responses to Sexually Transmitted HPV Infection

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

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Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

10.1101/541474 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy M. Cladel ◽

Pengfei Jiang ◽

Jingwei J. Li ◽

Xuwen Peng ◽

Timothy K. Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Viral Dna ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Potential Source ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Blood Banks ◽

Gain Access

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly thought to be strictly sexually transmitted. However, studies have demonstrated the presence of HPV in cancers of many non-sexual internal organs, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. We show, in two animal models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from actively infected mice can transmit the infection to naïve animals. Finally, we report papillomavirus infections in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. Stomach tissues are not known to be permissive for papillomavirus infection, although the literature suggests that HPVs may be associated with a subset of gastric cancers. These results indicate that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection and subsequent cancers.SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses cause 5% of human cancers. Currently, blood banks do not screen for these viruses. We demonstrate that blood transfused from papillomavirus-infected animals produces infections in recipients. Public health implications are significant if the same is true for humans.DefinitionsLocal papillomavirus infection:An infection initiated by the direct application of virus or viral DNA to the site of infectionIntravenous (IV) papillomavirus infection:An infection resulting from blood-borne delivery of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance and perceived effectiveness, and HPV infection concern among young New Zealand university students

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh10005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carol Chelimo ◽

Trecia A. Wouldes ◽

Linda D. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Behavioural Characteristics

Two-hundred undergraduate students completed an anonymous questionnaire after viewing a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine television commercial. Eight-four percent of participants would accept a free HPV vaccine, whereas 47% were unconcerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Males were less likely to accept a free HPV vaccine and to be concerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was significantly greater among participants who had previously heard of the vaccine and who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. More education on the role of sexual behavioural characteristics of both males and females in HPV transmission is necessary to promote awareness and concern of personal HPV infection risk and acceptance of HPV vaccination.

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Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2020/8838317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ana Paula Almeida Cunha ◽

Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort ◽

Francisco Pedro Belfort Mendes ◽

Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos ◽

Lucas Henrique de Lima Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Epithelial Lesions ◽

Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV ( p = 0.003 ). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.

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Burden and Prevention of HPV. Knowledge, Practices and Attitude Assessment Among Pre-Adolescents and their Parents in Italy

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200114100553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 326-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giancarlo Icardi ◽

Claudio Costantino ◽

Marcello Guido ◽

Antonella Zizza ◽

Vincenzo Restivo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Attitude Assessment ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Target Populations ◽

Knowledge Practices ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes

Despite infections due to HPV nowadays represent the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with recognized effective and safe preventive strategies, knowledge, attitudes; however, awareness on HPV is considerably low. The present study has two main objectives: 1. To conduct a literature review to analyze the evolution of preventive tools, the complexity of the vaccine choice process, and the challenges posed by HPV vaccine hesitancy and refusal among pre-adolescents and their parents; 2. To assess knowledge, practices and attitudes toward HPV infection and vaccination in a sample of Italian pre-adolescents and their parents. The observational study was carried out through the use of two anonymous and self-administered pre- and postintervention questionnaires dedicated to the target populations. Between the administrations of the pre- and postintervention questionnaires, an educational intervention on HPV infection and related diseases, and prevention strategies was conducted. All participants demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and positive attitudes in the preintervention questionnaire. Higher levels of knowledge and attitudes were observed among pre-adolescents thatused social networks and had heard of sexually transmitted diseases at home/school/physician and from parents and also who had heard of HPV from General Practitioners, Gynecologists, family members and newspapers. A significant increase in HPV vaccination awareness was observed among pre-adolescents after the educational sessions. Health education programs aimed at increasing knowledge, attitudes and awareness on HPV are needed to implement the outcomes of HPV immunization programs, especially if supported by the physicians involved in counselling and recommendation processes.

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A Recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP Vaccine Elicits Cross-serogroup Protection in Mice Against Vaginal Shedding and Infertility

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 (2) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Delia F Tifrea ◽

Sukumar Pal ◽

Luis M de la Maza

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Membrane Protein ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Outer Membrane Protein ◽

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Male Mice ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Sexually Transmitted

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen worldwide. Here, we determined the ability of a C. trachomatis recombinant major outer membrane protein (rMOMP) vaccine to elicit cross-serogroup protection. Methods Female C3H/HeN mice were vaccinated by mucosal and systemic routes with C. trachomatis serovar D (UW-3/Cx) rMOMP and challenged in the ovarian bursa with serovars D (UW-3/Cx), D (UCI-96/Cx), E (IOL-43), or F (N.I.1). CpG-1826 and Montanide ISA 720 were used as adjuvants. Results Immune responses following vaccination were more robust against the most closely related serovars. Following a genital challenge (as determined by number of mice with positive vaginal cultures, number of positive cultures, number of inclusion forming units recovered, and number of days with positive cultures) mice challenged with C. trachomatis serovars of the same complex were protected but not those challenged with serovar F (N.I.1) from a different subcomplex. Females were caged with male mice. Based on fertility rates, number of embryos, and hydrosalpinx formation, vaccinated mice were protected against challenges with serovars D (UW-3/Cx), D (UCI-96/Cx), and E (IOL-43) but not F (N.I.1). Conclusions This is the first subunit vaccine shown to protect mice against infection, pathology, and infertility caused by different C. trachomatis serovars.

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Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Pkn1, a Novel Potential Immunogen, inChlamydia trachomatis-InfectedMacaca nemestrinaand Human Patients

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/245483 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Achchhe L. Patel ◽

Prashant K. Mishra ◽

Divya Sachdev ◽

Uma Chaudhary ◽

Dorothy L. Patton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Protein A ◽

Macaca Nemestrina ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

Bioinformatic Tools ◽

Genital Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) is an important cause of sexually transmitted genital tract infections (STIs) and trachoma. Despite major research into chlamydial pathogenesis and host immune responses, immunoprotection has been hampered by the incomplete understanding of protective immunity in the genital tract. Characterized vaccine candidates have shown variable efficacy ranging from no protection to partial protectionin vivo. It is therefore a research priority to identify novel chlamydial antigens that may elicit protective immune responses against CT infection. In the present study we assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against protein kinase1 (Pkn1), DNA ligaseA (LigA), and major outer membrane protein A (OmpA) following natural CT infection in humans and in experimentally induced CT infection inMacaca nemestrina. Antigenic stretches of Pkn1, LigA, and OmpA were identified using bioinformatic tools.Pkn1,LigA, andOmpAgenes were cloned in bacterial expression vector and purified by affinity chromatography. Our results demonstrate significantly high seroprevalence of antibodies against purified Pkn1 and OmpA in sera obtained from the macaque animal model and human patients infected with CT. In contrast no significant seroreactivity was observed for LigA. The seroprevalence of antibodies against Pkn1 suggest that nonsurface chlamydial proteins could also be important for developing vaccines forC. trachomatis.

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Microbiome, sex hormones, and immune responses in the reproductive tract: Challenges for vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (14) ◽

pp. 1543-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Rebecca M. Brotman ◽

Jacques Ravel ◽

Patrik M. Bavoil ◽

Patti E. Gravitt ◽

Khalil G. Ghanem

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Sexually Transmitted

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De novo HIV infection diagnoses in a Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Lisbon, Portugal

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462416679279 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 887-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Mendes-Bastos ◽

Ana Brasileiro ◽

Eugénia Matos-Pires ◽

Isaura Rodrigues ◽

Cristina Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Western Europe ◽

De Novo ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Prurigo Nodularis ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Infection Diagnosis

Background Portugal has the highest prevalence rate of HIV infection in Western Europe. The proportion of patients with a late diagnosis, carried out in full-blown AIDS stage, remains high. Skin and mucous membrane manifestations are not rare in these patients. Objective A demographic, clinical, and laboratorial characterization of patients with de novo HIV infection diagnosis made in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of a central hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of adult patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection (reactive immunoassay for antibodies to HIV-1/HIV-2 or HIV p24 antigen) in the Dermatology and Venereology Department of a Portuguese central hospital in the period between January 2005 and December 2013. Results During the study period, 97 new cases were diagnosed, 70 men and 27 women. The median age at diagnosis was 36 years. Of the total, 50 cases were diagnosed with a concomitant sexually transmitted infection (STI), more frequently syphilis and ano-genital HPV infection. The remaining 47 patients were diagnosed with other dermatological conditions such as prurigo nodularis, psoriasis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The duration of complaints that lead to medical attention ranged from <1 week to 8 years, being significantly lower in patients diagnosed with a concomitant STI ( p < 0.01). Basal viral load was also lower in this group of patients ( p < 0.05). Of all the new diagnosed cases, 80% of patients are currently retained in care. Conclusion This study grants a descriptive overview of de novo HIV infection diagnoses performed by dermatovenereologists in a central hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. As in the past, the importance of Dermato–Venereology for HIV infection diagnosis remains present in daily clinical practice.

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