Estimation of Long-Term Consequences of Nuclear Tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site for the Altai Population

Nuclear Tests ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakov N. Shoikhet ◽  
Anatoly I. Algazin ◽  
Valery I. Kiselev ◽  
Evgeny V. Zaitsev ◽  
Vladimir B. Kolyado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Chronological List of Nuclear Tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site and Their Radiation Effects

Nuclear Tests ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Matuschenko ◽  
G. A. Tsyrkov ◽  
A. K. Chernyshov ◽  
Yu. V. Dubasov ◽  
G. A. Krasilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Tests

scholarly journals THE FACTOR OF IONIZING RADIATION AND THYROID CANCER IN WOMEN IN THE ALTAI KRAI

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
A. F Lazarev ◽  
Ya. N Shoikhet ◽  
L. F Pisareva ◽  
Valentina D. Petrova ◽  
S. A Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Tests

The purpose of the study was to study the dynamics of the incidence of thyroid cancer in the female population of the Altai Territory during the period of 1992-2016. Studies were performed with the use of data of the patient register of thyroid cancer, including information on 3026 women, with the use of methods of modern medical statistics. Intensive and standardized indices were calculated for the female population, resided near to traces of nuclear explosions executed at the Semipalatinsk test site, in the zone of the most significant radiation doses (the Main group). As a comparison, incidence rates of the remaining population of the Altai Territory (the Comparison group) and average values for the region were used. The article presents results of a descriptive epidemiological study of the incidence of thyroid cancer in the Altai Territory over 25 years (1992-2016). The results of the probabilistic association of the incidence of thyroid cancer with the ionizing radiation factor due to nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site were obtained. The dynamics of the incidence of thyroid cancer by the data for five-years periods (averaged data): 1992-1996; 1997-2001; 2002-2006; 2007-2011 and 2012-2016 was studied in various territories of the Altai Territory: both on the traces of nuclear explosions - the main group, and in the rest territory (the comparison group), indices of average values for the regions. There were revealed the dynamics of the incidence of thyroid cancer in tens of years after nuclear tests in the population living in the zone with the most significant doses of radiation and its gradual decrease, due to rehabilitation measures. New approaches to the formation of high cancer risk groups for thyroid cancer in the Altai Territory are substantiated.

Regional Seismic Characteristics of Chemical Explosions on the Eastern Margin of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China, and of Historical Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Lian-Feng Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Bi Xie ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Zhen-Xing Yao
Keyword(s):  
Junggar Basin ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Chemical Explosions ◽  
Natural Earthquakes

ABSTRACT The applicability of the empirical magnitude–yield relations developed for northeast China and Korean Peninsula explosions was investigated for data from northwest China. We collected regional broadband digital seismic data from 13 chemical explosions (CEx) detonated between 6 September and 10 October 2018, on the eastern margin of the Junggar basin, northwest China, five nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, and eight natural earthquakes. Both Lg and Rayleigh-wave magnitudes (mb(Lg) and Ms, respectively) were estimated for these events. Similar to the North Korean test site, the mb(Lg)–Ms discriminant did not properly distinguish explosions from natural earthquakes at the Semipalatinsk test site. However, network-averaged P/S spectral ratios (Pg/Lg, Pn/Lg, and Pn/Sn) did successfully discriminate explosions from earthquakes at both the North Korean and the Semipalatinsk test sites at frequencies above 2.0 Hz. Based on 13 known-yield CEx, we selected an empirical magnitude–yield relation to constrain the explosive yields of five historical nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site. The resulting yields are lower than those previously obtained from teleseismic observations.

Long-Term Stewardship and Risk Management Strategies for Inactive Nuclear Test Sites in the United States

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Shafer ◽  
J. B. Chapman ◽  
A. E. Hassan ◽  
G. Pohll ◽  
K. F. Pohlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Test Site ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Flow And Transport ◽  
Nuclear Tests

Characterizing and managing groundwater contamination associated with the 828 underground nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site are among the most challenging environmental remediation issues faced by the U.S. Department of Energy. Although significant long-term stewardship and risk management issues are associated with underground nuclear tests on the Nevada Test Site, of possible equal concern are a smaller number of underground nuclear tests conducted by the United States, 12 total, at eight sites located off the Nevada Test Site. In comparison to the Nevada Test Site, the U.S. Department of Energy has minimal institutional controls at these “offsite test areas” (Offsites) to serve as risk barriers. The corrective action and closure strategy under development for the Central Nevada Test Area and proposed recommendations [1] concerning long-term stewardship for this and the other Offsites illustrate long-term stewardship and risk management strategies applicable to underground nuclear test areas in the United States. The groundwater flow and transport model for the Central Nevada Test Area, site of the 1968 Faultless underground nuclear test, is the first model accepted by a U.S. state regulator (the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection) for an underground nuclear test area. Recommendations for the Central Nevada Test Area and other Offsites include developing decision support models to evaluate the impacts of future changes of land and water uses on previous decisions involving groundwater-use restrictions. Particularly for the Offsites in arid states such as Nevada, New Mexico, and Colorado, it is difficult to envision all future demands on subsurface resources. Rather than trying to maintain complex flow and transport models to evaluate future resource-use scenarios, decision support models coupled with original contaminant flow and transport models could be used as scoping tools to evaluate the sensitivity of previously established resource-use boundaries. This evaluation will determine if the previously established boundaries are still adequate for proposed new land and resource uses or if additional data collection or modeling will be necessary to make technically sound decisions. In addition, previously developed Data Decision Analyses, used to quantitatively evaluate the costs and benefits of different data collection activities conducted during the site characterization phase, could be maintained as a long-term stewardship tool to identify new data collection efforts, if necessary as indicated by a decision support model.

Estimation of the Altai Region Population Exposure Resulting from the Nuclear Tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site

Nuclear Tests ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Djachenko ◽  
Michail N. Gabbasov ◽  
Valery I. Kiselev ◽  
Anatoly A. Lagutin ◽  
Vladimir M. Loborev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Tests

scholarly journals AFTEREFFECTS OF THE IMPACT OF THE RADIATION EXPOSURE ON THE TERRITORY AND THE POPULATION OF THE ALTAI KRAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Kolyado ◽  
Sergey V. Plugin ◽  
S. I. Tribunsky
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Semipalatinsk Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The paper presents the assessment of the aftereffects of the radiation exposure on the territory and the population of the Altai Krai following nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site. The peculiarity of the appearance of radiation doses of the population was that the overwhelming part of the dose formed by short-lived radionuclides. The main carrier of the negative impact of the nuclear weapon testing is the population of the Altai Krai resided in territories adjacent to test site during the period 1949-1963, as well as their descendants. The radiation situation on the territory of the region currently has no restrictions for residence and economic activities. Material and methods. The assessment of the impact of the effects of nuclear testing requires the reconstruction of the effective radiation doses of the population. For this purpose, Methodical Guidance (MG 2.6.1.2574-2010) “Determination of total (accumulated) effective radiation doses of the subjects from the population exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site” was used. The calculations were made for 6.5 thousand citizens of the Russian Federation. Results. To assess the remote consequences of the impact of the Semipalatinsk Test Site upon the health of the population living in the nearby areas, a regional segment of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register across the Altai Territory was formed. Based on the results of compulsory special medical surveillance, the health of the contingents of the regional segment of the register was assessed. In 2017, the rate of common incidence increased significantly, and the rate of firstly revealed incidence was practically unchanged. Conclusion. The most significant pathologies include diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, digestive organs, endocrine system, nervous system and sensory organs, respiratory organs, genitourinary system and malignant neoplasms. The rate of the common mortality rate of the Register’s contingents has considerably decreased. The most significant causes of death are the diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and respiratory diseases.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

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