Adverse Immune Reactions to Drugs (Gold, Procainamide) and Environmental Chemicals (Mercury, Platinum): The Role of Phagocytic Cells in Generating Immunogenic Metabolites

1993 ◽  
pp. 189-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kubicka-Muranyi ◽  
C. Goebel ◽  
P. Griem ◽  
H.-C. Schuppe ◽  
J. Uetrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Immune Reactions

scholarly journals Evaluation of the role of CD47 in sickle cell disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basmah Eldakhakhny ◽  
Hadeel Al Sadoun ◽  
Nehal Bin Taleb ◽  
Dunya Ahmed Nori ◽  
Nawal Helmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Surface Marker Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cell Surface Marker Expression ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractCD47 is a self-marker expressed on the surface of RBCs and work to prevent the process of phagocytosis. SIRPα is the ligand of CD47 that is expressed on the surface of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, to control the removal of dead/diseased cells. This study aimed to examine the expression of CD47 on RBCs and SIRPα on PBMC cells in SCD patients and the apoptosis of SCD RBCs. We also measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SCD patients and correlated it with the cell surface marker expression of CD47 and SIRPα to determine whether CD47 and/or SIRPα played a role in promoting the pro-inflammatory phenotype in SCD. Whole blood samples were drawn from SCD patients, and healthy control and PBMC were isolated and stained with SIRPα. Change in CD47, apoptosis by annexin V marker, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured and correlation among these variants was determined. The expression of CD47 was significantly decreased and the apoptosis was increased in RBCs of SCD patients. A higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β, was found in SCD patients and IL-1β was found to be inversely correlated with SIRPα expression. Our data showed that CD47 of erythrocytes of SCD samples is reduced and that the apoptosis is increased in those patients. Based on the role of CD47, we suggest that increased apoptosis in SCD would be impacted by the reduced level of CD47. An inverse relationship was found between SIRPα marker on PBMC and the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SCD.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Phagocytic Cells in Mycobacterial Infections

10.5772/30335 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Garcia-Perez ◽  
N.S. Castrejon-Jimenez ◽  
J. Luna-Herrer
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Chemical Stressors in Mediating Socioeconomic Susceptibility to Environmental Chemicals

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Clougherty ◽  
Jessie L. C. Shmool ◽  
Laura D. Kubzansky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Chemicals

The Role of Biomaterials and Scaffolds on Immune Responses in Regenerative Medicine: Macrophage Phenotype Modulation by Biomaterial Properties and Scaffold Architectures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Antmen ◽  
Nihal Engin Vrana ◽  
Vasif Hasirci
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Immune Reactions

Scaffolds are an integral part of the regenerative medicine field. The contact of biomaterials with tissue, as was clearly observed over the years, induces immune reactions in a material and...

The cell biology and pathogenic role of pulmonary intravascular macrophages

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. L1-L12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Warner ◽  
J. D. Brain
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Uptake ◽  
Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophages

Pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) are an extensive population of mature phagocytic cells adherent to the pulmonary capillary endothelium in selected species. They are not prevalent in lungs of commonly studied laboratory animals, such as rodents, and thus have only been recently appreciated. However, their potential role in host defense and acute lung injury has attracted interest, since a number of studies have demonstrated pulmonary localization of circulating particles, microbes, and endotoxin by PIMs. Those animal species, such as ruminants, that provide useful models of pathogen (or endotoxin)-induced acute lung injury demonstrate rapid pulmonary uptake of bacteria by PIMs. Inflammatory mediators released by activated PIMs may initiate the process and provoke accumulation of neutrophils and platelets. This review summarizes the morphological characteristics of PIMs and their species distribution. The role of these members of the mononuclear phagocyte system, both beneficial and potentially pathogenic, is reviewed. The question of whether PIMs have a role in acute lung injury in humans is also discussed.

Carboxylesterase overexpression in the male reproductive tract: a universal safeguarding mechanism?

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Mikhailov ◽  
M. Torrado
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hypothetical Explanation

Data on expression patterns of carboxylesterases in the male reproductive tract of different animal groups (i.e. bivalve mollusks, fruitflies and rodents) are summarized to highlight some particularly interesting questions in the context of sperm differentiation, maturation and function. The male reproduc-tive system, in spite of extreme variation in the anatomical/morphological organization in different species, is characterized by similar patterns of male-dependent carboxylesterase overexpression. The phenomenon of conserved carboxylesterase overexpression indicates similar male sex-associated functions of the enzymes. There is possible evidence of carboxylesterase recruitment by male reproductive-tract tissues indi-cating that it could be adaptive for spermatogenesis, sperm maturation and sperm use. Moreover, this idea can be extended to include a sperm cell lineage protection. This issue is discussed in the light of recent data on environmental reproductive xenobiotics that can provide a basis for a hypothetical explanation of car-boxylesterase overexpression in the male reproductive tract. Based on a well-known role of car-boxylesterases in detoxification of environmental chemicals such as organophosphate pesticides, it is proposed that various male genital tract carboxylesterases may be characterized by a similar physiological function to protect the male reproductive system against xenobiotic influences that could provoke its dys-function, thus altering sperm differentiation and maturation.

Role of immune reactions in drug-induced liver injury (DILI)

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ju ◽  
Timothy Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

scholarly journals Detection and Quantification of Superoxide Formed within the Periplasm of Escherichia coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (17) ◽  
pp. 6326-6334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Korshunov ◽  
James A. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Free Living ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Superoxide Formation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Primary Substrate

ABSTRACT Many gram-negative bacteria harbor a copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in their periplasms. In pathogenic bacteria, one role of this enzyme may be to protect periplasmic biomolecules from superoxide that is released by host phagocytic cells. However, the enzyme is also present in many nonpathogens and/or free-living bacteria, including Escherichia coli. In this study we were able to detect superoxide being released into the medium from growing cultures of E. coli. Exponential-phase cells do not normally synthesize CuZnSOD, which is specifically induced in stationary phase. However, the engineered expression of CuZnSOD in growing cells eliminated superoxide release, confirming that this superoxide was formed within the periplasm. The rate of periplasmic superoxide production was surprisingly high and approximated the estimated rate of cytoplasmic superoxide formation when both were normalized to the volume of the compartment. The rate increased in proportion to oxygen concentration, suggesting that the superoxide is generated by the adventitious oxidation of an electron carrier. Mutations that eliminated menaquinone synthesis eradicated the superoxide formation, while mutations in genes encoding respiratory complexes affected it only insofar as they are likely to affect the redox state of menaquinone. We infer that the adventitious autoxidation of dihydromenaquinone in the cytoplasmic membrane releases a steady flux of superoxide into the periplasm of E. coli. This endogenous superoxide may create oxidative stress in that compartment and be a primary substrate of CuZnSOD.

scholarly journals Eat Tasty and Healthy: Role of Polyphenols in Functional Foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Bessa-Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Dias ◽  
Elsa Brandão ◽  
Nuno Mateus ◽  
Victor de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Adverse reactions to food such as allergies and celiac disease are increasingly recognized as a growing public health burden. There is currently no cure for these diseases so that there is an unmet need to evaluate different nutritional approaches aiming at improving the quality of life of affected patients and their families. In this context, healthy promising nature-derived compounds, most of which contained in fruits and vegetables, have been studied as an alternative to attenuate the epidemic. Indeed, phenolic compounds have become an emerging field of interest in nutrition in the last decades. A growing build of research suggests that phenolic compounds inhibit pro-inflammatory transcription factors by interacting with proteins involved in gene expression and cell signaling, leading to protective effects against many inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. However, the use of phenolic compounds as attenuating agents of immune reactions to food has to be aligned to the organoleptic characteristics of food, since many compounds present unpleasant taste properties, namely bitter taste and astringency. In this framework, tasty but healthy phenolic compounds arise as attractive ingredients in the design and formulation of functional foods. This book chapter is focused on revisiting the organoleptic properties of phenolic compounds while evaluating the role of these compounds in health promoting actions, namely the management of immune reactions to food such as Food Allergies and Celiac Disease.

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