Using a Coupled Meteorological and Chemical Transport Modelling Scheme to Evaluate the Impact of the Aerosol Direct Effect on Pollutant Concentration Fields in Paris

2011 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Gerold Halmer ◽  
Ioannis Douros ◽  
George Tsegas ◽  
Nicolas Moussiopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Aerosol Direct Effect ◽  
The Impact

Chemical Transport Facilitated by Multiphase Flow Systems1

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl G. Enfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Transport Equation ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Facilitated Transport ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Dispersive Transport ◽  
Transformation Of Variables ◽  
The Impact

Relatively immobile chemicals have been observed moving significantly faster than anticipated from hydrophobic theory. A theory is developed considering transport in three mobile fluid phases which can be used to describe this facilitated transport. The convective dispersive transport equation is solved utilizing a transformation of variables which permits utilizing existing solutions covering a wide variety of boundary conditions. The impact of the facilitated transport is demonstrated for one case where the soils organic carbon is 10%. If 2% of the fluid phase is an organic fraction, the theory developed projects that hydrophobic theory may underestimate mobility by more than 100 times. At concentrations of dissolved organic carbon normally observed in nature (5 - 10 mg/l), a measurable increased mobility is anticipated for the very immobile compounds like dioxins.

scholarly journals The Impact of Development Aid on the International Migrations in the African, Caribbean, and Pacifi c Group of States

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Gregl ◽  
Klavdij Logožar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development aid, one of the most important mechanisms for the redistribution of global wealth, represents financial flows that have economic growth and social improvement as their main objective. It has also frequently been described as an instrument which is able to diminish international migrations and is used by several developed countries. Recently, much empirical evidence and several contributors have argued that connection and set out other grounds. This paper explores the interaction between development aid and migrations from developing to developed countries. We want to determine, if the amount of development aid has any impact on migrations from African, Caribbean, and the Pacific Group of States. Our results show that development aid does not have a direct effect on migrations and therefore, in terms of international migrations, is not effective. Moreover, we will argue that the donor side should use different policies and other mechanisms to manage migrations from those countries

Regional Chemical Transport Modelling with a Forest Canopy Parameterization

2017 ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
P. A. Makar ◽  
R. M. Staebler ◽  
A. Akingunola ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. McLinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Transport Modelling

scholarly journals Chemical aging of atmospheric mineral dust during transatlantic transport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelkader ◽  
Swen Metzger ◽  
Benedikt Steil ◽  
Klaus Klingmüller ◽  
Holger Tost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Dust Fraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Transatlantic dust transport has many implications for the atmosphere, ocean and climate. We present a modeling study on the impact of the key processes (dust emissions flux, convection and dust aging parameterizations) that control the transatlantic dust transport. Typically, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) acts as a barrier for the meridional dust transport. To characterize the dust outflow over the Atlantic Ocean, we address two regional phenomena: (i) dust interactions with the ITCZ (DIZ) and (ii) the adjacent dust transport over the Atlantic Ocean (DTA). In the DTA zone, the dust loading shows a steep and linear gradient westward over the Atlantic Ocean where particle sedimentation is the dominant removal process, whereas in the DIZ zone cloud interactions and wet deposition predominate. To study the different impacts of aging, we present two case studies that exclude condensation and coagulation, and include dust aging at various levels of complexity. For dust aging, we consider the uptake of inorganic acids on the surface of mineral particles that form salt compounds. Calcium, used as a proxy for the overall chemically reactive dust fraction, drives the dust-related neutralization reactions leading to higher dust aerosol optical depth (AOD). The aged dust particles are transferred to the soluble aerosol modes in the model and are mixed with other species that originate from anthropogenic and natural sources. The neutralization products (salts) take up water vapor from the atmosphere and increase the dust AOD under subsaturated conditions. We define the "direct effect of dust aging" to refer to the increase in AOD as a result of hygroscopic growth. On the other hand, the aged dust is more efficiently removed (wet and dry) because of the increase in particle size and hygroscopicity. This more efficient removal reduces the dust AOD over the DIZ zone. We define this as the "indirect effect of dust aging", complementary to the direct effect that is dominant in the DTA zone. Distinction of the two aging effects helps develop insight into the regional importance of dust–air-pollution interactions.

scholarly journals Effect of Soft Annealing Treatment on Impact Strength and Hardness of the EN AC-AlSi11 Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
A. Jarco
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Eutectic Silicon ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Testing Plan

Abstract The paper presents research on the effects of soft annealing parameters on a change of the impact strength KC and Brinell hardness (HB) of the EN AC-AlSi11 alloy. The research has been performed according to the trivalent testing plan for two input parameters – temperature in the range between 280°C and 370°C and time in the range between 2 and 8 hours. The application of such heat treatment improves the plasticity of the investigated alloy. The improvement of the impact strength KC by 71% and the decrease of the hardness HB by 20% was achieved for the soft annealing treatment conducted at a temperature 370°C for 8 hours, compared to the alloy without the heat treatment. A change of the form of eutectic silicon precipitations which underwent refinement, coagulation and partial rounding, had a direct effect on the hardness HB and impact strength KC. The results obtained were used to prepare space plots enabling the temperature and time for soft annealing treatment to be selected with reference to the obtained impact strength KC and hardness HB of the alloy with the heat treatment.

Evaluating impact of entrepreneurship education programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 781-796
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Khatereh Daneshjoovash ◽  
Mirza Hassan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programs (EEPs) from students’ and educators’ viewpoint to improve the quality of EEPs. Design/methodology/approach This research applies a qualitative-quantitative methodology. Its sample is included 291 students were selected randomly and 35 educators were chosen by convenience technique from universities of Applied Science and Technology of Iran. Findings The results revealed that essence of EEPs had a positive direct effect on objectives and content of EEPs; objectives and content of EEPs had a positive direct effect on methods of EEPs; essence of EEPs had a positive direct effect on impact of EEPs; and essence of EEPs had a positive indirect effect on methods through objectives and content based on students’ and educators’ perspective. Moreover, as opposed to educators’, students believed that methods of EEPs have not a positive direct effect on impact, while educators were opponent to students approach about the positive direct effect of essence of EEPs on methods. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to Applied Science and Technology universities were selected by convenience sampling method. Similar studies in other universities are needed to be conducted by simple random sampling to evaluate EEPs. Practical implications The study recommends policy-makers to be aware of students’ needs of EEPs’ methods, as well inform educators about effective and initiative methods. Originality/value Evaluating impact of EEPs based on demand and supply-side viewpoint is the first study conducted in Applied Science and Technology universities of Iran.

scholarly journals An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Interaction Justice Perception on Consumer Intentions after Complaining

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Bhandari ◽  
Michael J. Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Failure Type ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Justice Perception ◽  
Consumer Intentions ◽  
The Impact

This study examined how apology as interaction justice impacts on consumer perceptions of service recovery attempt. Data was collected using hypothetical scenarios. Two types of service failures were proposed and the impact of recovery action on each failure type was compared. Findings include that there is direct effect of recovery action on consumer future intentions in both type of failures. Implications and direction to the future research were proposed.

scholarly journals DAMPAK BPNT TERHADAP KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA DAN POLA KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA PENERIMA BPNT, KECAMATAN MENGWI

2021 ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Luh Ade Yumita Handriani ◽  
Sudarsana Arka
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of the BPNT program on household consumption and consumption patterns of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. This research was conducted in Mengwi District, Badung Regency using a questionnaire distributed to respondents with a large sample size of 96 KPM. This study uses path analysis techniques to analyze the direct effect and Sobel test to analyze the indirect effect. Based on path analysis, the results of the study concluded that the BPNT variable had a positive and significant effect on the consumption of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The BPNT variable has no effect on the consumption pattern of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The household consumption variable has a negative and significant effect on the consumption pattern of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The household consumption variable did mediate the effect of the BPNT Program on the consumption pattern of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency

Antecedents of strategic thinking and its impact on competitive advantage

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Dixit ◽  
Shiwangi Singh ◽  
Sanjay Dhir ◽  
Swati Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to identify the antecedents of strategic thinking and its relationship with competitive advantage. Further, this study analyses the mediating effect of strategic thinking between its antecedents and competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach A self-reported questionnaire with 51 questions was floated among 220 professionals from various industries in India. The response was analysed using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling methodology using SmartPLS software. Findings The direct effect of creativity, corporate culture and knowledge management are established with strategic thinking, as well as a competitive advantage. Also, the study finds a significant relationship between strategic thinking and competitive advantage. The study finds no mediation (direct effect) in the case of creativity, corporate culture and knowledge management. Further, no mediation (no relationship) is found in the case of vision. Practical implications Business must start adopting strategic thinking practices in their decision-making process to create a competitive advantage. Further, the influence of corporate culture, creativity and knowledge management on strategic thinking highlights their importance. Originality/value The study establishes the impact of antecedents of strategic thinking on competitive advantage. The study highlights the importance of other factors along with strategic thinking for achieving competitive advantage.

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