Evaluation of the impact of aerosol direct effect on wintertime PM2.5 simulation in East Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016.26 (0) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Ami SEKIGUCHI ◽  
Hikari SHIMADERA ◽  
Akira KONDO
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Aerosol Direct Effect ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Development Aid on the International Migrations in the African, Caribbean, and Pacifi c Group of States

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Gregl ◽  
Klavdij Logožar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development aid, one of the most important mechanisms for the redistribution of global wealth, represents financial flows that have economic growth and social improvement as their main objective. It has also frequently been described as an instrument which is able to diminish international migrations and is used by several developed countries. Recently, much empirical evidence and several contributors have argued that connection and set out other grounds. This paper explores the interaction between development aid and migrations from developing to developed countries. We want to determine, if the amount of development aid has any impact on migrations from African, Caribbean, and the Pacific Group of States. Our results show that development aid does not have a direct effect on migrations and therefore, in terms of international migrations, is not effective. Moreover, we will argue that the donor side should use different policies and other mechanisms to manage migrations from those countries

Reply to T.M. Simbirtseva and S.V. Volkov: Facts Against Fantasies

2021 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Bella Pak
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Contribution

This article provides an analysis of scientific research on the life and activities of the first Russian charge d’ affaires and consul general in Korea Karl I. Waeber, shows the specific contribution of scholars to the study of the professional biography of this outstanding diplomat. Despite the fact that the activity of K.I. Weber in Korea is partially reflected in the works of Boris D. Pak and Bella B. Pak on the history of Russo-Korean relations, as well as in several separate articles, the first special monographic work on this topic belongs to the pen of the author of this article. The monographic research focuses on a detailed coverage of the tasks, goals facing Waeber in Korea, the specific forms and conditions for their implementation, the impact he exerts on the course of the Russian government towards Korea; analysis of the most complex international circumstances, against the background of which he made certain decisions.   This article contains answers to T.M. Simbirtseva and S.V. Volkov’s critical remarks regarding some of the information and photographic documents given in the work concerning K.I. Waeber and the accusations against the author of the article in connection with the publication in Germany in the summer of 2021 of Dr. S. Braezel's photobook "Pictures of the life of a diplomat between Europe and East Asia: Karl von Waeber (1841-1910)". The author of the article drew attention to some erroneous judgments in the article by T.M. Simbirtseva and S.V. Volkov, formed due to ignorance and bias, analyzed and refuted the most unfounded accusations, clarified the position regarding new information about K.I. Waeber.

scholarly journals Chemical aging of atmospheric mineral dust during transatlantic transport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelkader ◽  
Swen Metzger ◽  
Benedikt Steil ◽  
Klaus Klingmüller ◽  
Holger Tost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Dust Fraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Transatlantic dust transport has many implications for the atmosphere, ocean and climate. We present a modeling study on the impact of the key processes (dust emissions flux, convection and dust aging parameterizations) that control the transatlantic dust transport. Typically, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) acts as a barrier for the meridional dust transport. To characterize the dust outflow over the Atlantic Ocean, we address two regional phenomena: (i) dust interactions with the ITCZ (DIZ) and (ii) the adjacent dust transport over the Atlantic Ocean (DTA). In the DTA zone, the dust loading shows a steep and linear gradient westward over the Atlantic Ocean where particle sedimentation is the dominant removal process, whereas in the DIZ zone cloud interactions and wet deposition predominate. To study the different impacts of aging, we present two case studies that exclude condensation and coagulation, and include dust aging at various levels of complexity. For dust aging, we consider the uptake of inorganic acids on the surface of mineral particles that form salt compounds. Calcium, used as a proxy for the overall chemically reactive dust fraction, drives the dust-related neutralization reactions leading to higher dust aerosol optical depth (AOD). The aged dust particles are transferred to the soluble aerosol modes in the model and are mixed with other species that originate from anthropogenic and natural sources. The neutralization products (salts) take up water vapor from the atmosphere and increase the dust AOD under subsaturated conditions. We define the "direct effect of dust aging" to refer to the increase in AOD as a result of hygroscopic growth. On the other hand, the aged dust is more efficiently removed (wet and dry) because of the increase in particle size and hygroscopicity. This more efficient removal reduces the dust AOD over the DIZ zone. We define this as the "indirect effect of dust aging", complementary to the direct effect that is dominant in the DTA zone. Distinction of the two aging effects helps develop insight into the regional importance of dust–air-pollution interactions.

scholarly journals Effect of Soft Annealing Treatment on Impact Strength and Hardness of the EN AC-AlSi11 Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
A. Jarco
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Eutectic Silicon ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Testing Plan

Abstract The paper presents research on the effects of soft annealing parameters on a change of the impact strength KC and Brinell hardness (HB) of the EN AC-AlSi11 alloy. The research has been performed according to the trivalent testing plan for two input parameters – temperature in the range between 280°C and 370°C and time in the range between 2 and 8 hours. The application of such heat treatment improves the plasticity of the investigated alloy. The improvement of the impact strength KC by 71% and the decrease of the hardness HB by 20% was achieved for the soft annealing treatment conducted at a temperature 370°C for 8 hours, compared to the alloy without the heat treatment. A change of the form of eutectic silicon precipitations which underwent refinement, coagulation and partial rounding, had a direct effect on the hardness HB and impact strength KC. The results obtained were used to prepare space plots enabling the temperature and time for soft annealing treatment to be selected with reference to the obtained impact strength KC and hardness HB of the alloy with the heat treatment.

Evaluating impact of entrepreneurship education programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 781-796
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Khatereh Daneshjoovash ◽  
Mirza Hassan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programs (EEPs) from students’ and educators’ viewpoint to improve the quality of EEPs. Design/methodology/approach This research applies a qualitative-quantitative methodology. Its sample is included 291 students were selected randomly and 35 educators were chosen by convenience technique from universities of Applied Science and Technology of Iran. Findings The results revealed that essence of EEPs had a positive direct effect on objectives and content of EEPs; objectives and content of EEPs had a positive direct effect on methods of EEPs; essence of EEPs had a positive direct effect on impact of EEPs; and essence of EEPs had a positive indirect effect on methods through objectives and content based on students’ and educators’ perspective. Moreover, as opposed to educators’, students believed that methods of EEPs have not a positive direct effect on impact, while educators were opponent to students approach about the positive direct effect of essence of EEPs on methods. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to Applied Science and Technology universities were selected by convenience sampling method. Similar studies in other universities are needed to be conducted by simple random sampling to evaluate EEPs. Practical implications The study recommends policy-makers to be aware of students’ needs of EEPs’ methods, as well inform educators about effective and initiative methods. Originality/value Evaluating impact of EEPs based on demand and supply-side viewpoint is the first study conducted in Applied Science and Technology universities of Iran.

scholarly journals An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Interaction Justice Perception on Consumer Intentions after Complaining

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Bhandari ◽  
Michael J. Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Failure Type ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Justice Perception ◽  
Consumer Intentions ◽  
The Impact

This study examined how apology as interaction justice impacts on consumer perceptions of service recovery attempt. Data was collected using hypothetical scenarios. Two types of service failures were proposed and the impact of recovery action on each failure type was compared. Findings include that there is direct effect of recovery action on consumer future intentions in both type of failures. Implications and direction to the future research were proposed.

scholarly journals DAMPAK BPNT TERHADAP KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA DAN POLA KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA PENERIMA BPNT, KECAMATAN MENGWI

2021 ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Luh Ade Yumita Handriani ◽  
Sudarsana Arka
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of the BPNT program on household consumption and consumption patterns of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. This research was conducted in Mengwi District, Badung Regency using a questionnaire distributed to respondents with a large sample size of 96 KPM. This study uses path analysis techniques to analyze the direct effect and Sobel test to analyze the indirect effect. Based on path analysis, the results of the study concluded that the BPNT variable had a positive and significant effect on the consumption of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The BPNT variable has no effect on the consumption pattern of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The household consumption variable has a negative and significant effect on the consumption pattern of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency. The household consumption variable did mediate the effect of the BPNT Program on the consumption pattern of BPNT recipient households in Mengwi District, Badung Regency

scholarly journals Impacts of Late-Spring North Eurasian Soil Moisture Variation on Summer Rainfall Anomalies in Northern East Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghan Sang ◽  
Hong-Li Ren ◽  
Yi Deng ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Xueli Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Pressure Center ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper reports findings from a diagnostic and modeling analysis that investigates the impact of the late-spring soil moisture anomaly over North Eurasia on the boreal summer rainfall over northern East Asia (NEA). Soil moisture in May in the region from the Kara-Laptev Sea coasts to Central Siberian Plateau is found to be negatively correlated with the summer rainfall from Mongolia to Northeast China. The atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the anomalously dry soil are characterized by a pressure dipole with the high-pressure center located over North Eurasia and the low-pressure center over NEA, where an anomalous lower-level moisture convergence occurs, favoring rainfall formation. Diagnoses and Modeling experiments demonstrate that the effect of the spring low soil moisture over North Eurasia may persist into the following summer through modulating local surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, increasing low-level air temperature at higher latitudes, and effectively reducing the meridional temperature gradient. The weakened temperature gradient could induce the decreased zonal wind and the generation of a low-pressure center over NEA, associated with a favorable condition of local synoptic activity. The above relationships and mechanisms are vice versa for the prior wetter soil and decreased NEA rainfall. These findings suggest that soil moisture anomalies over North Eurasia may act as a new precursor providing an additional predictability source for better predicting the summer rainfall in NEA.

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