Socio-Economic Machines and Practical Models of Development: The Role of the HDI

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Ricardo F. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Models Of Development

scholarly journals The Role of Cultural Heritage in Promoting Socio-Economic Development: An Analysis on Emerging Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nicola Boccella ◽  
Irene Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
New Models

The enhancement of cultural heritage through new forms of dialogue with the territorial communities and the so-called “heritage communities” of which such heritage is an expression, is becoming an increasingly important vehicle for the economic and social development, especially in emerging countries. The places that express the history, culture and values ​​of the human collectives can become, in this way, laboratories in which the knowledge and the traditions are reinterpreted in a continuous dialogue. Of such valorization and of such dialogue, the emerging countries can benefit in view of a profitable local development that can also propose diversified and seasonally adjusted tourism routes, able to bring constant tourist flows, with positive economic and social consequences. In light of these considerations, the paper aims to explore the different paths through which, in emerging countries, it is possible to create new models of development also through innovative ways of dialogue with the so-called “patrimonial communities”. Central will be a reflection on how the most recent international patterns to promote social and economic development can be “translated” and adapted to specific developing geographic and sectoral contexts.

scholarly journals The Role of L.S. Vygotsky's Ideas in the Development of Social Cognition Paradigm in Modern Psychology: A Review of Foreign Research and Discussion on Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Kholmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Historical Theory

The author reflects on the reasons for the increased interest of modern foreign social cognition researchers in L.S. Vygotsky's cultural-historical theory in the light of the existing methodological contradictions and recent empirical data. The paper analyzes the main ideas and concepts of cultural-historical theory that were incorporated in research by Vygotsky's foreign followers, including such prominent experts in the field of social cognition as M. Tomasello and Ch. Fernyhough. It describes the conceptual apparatus and models of development of social cognition in phylo-, anthropo- and ontogenesis proposed by these researchers basing on the ideas of cultural-historical approach. The author especially stresses the importance of the idea of the dialogical nature of human thinking as the foundation for social cognition development in ontogenesis. Also reviewed are the mechanisms underlying the emergence of dialogical thinking from egocentric speech that are described in Ch. Fernyhough's model of social cognition development in ontogenesis. The paper concludes with an analysis of the concepts of cultural-historical theory and its current developments by Russian researchers that are of high heuristic potential for the future development of the paradigm of social cognition.

scholarly journals Kultura jako czynnik miejskiej rezyliencji na przykładzie dawnych miast przemysłowych należących do Sieci Miast Kreatywnych UNESCO. Przypadek dwóch miast: Katowice i Saint-Étienne

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Robert Pyka
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
New Development ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

Cities that seek new development factors in the era of knowledge-based economies and global competition increasingly often turn to culture and the development of the so-called creative industries. The mobilization of endogenous resources leads both to the demarcation of new paths of development and the preservation of continuity through reference to the tradition, skills, and ethos proper to a given area. The author addresses the question in terms of the concept of urban resilience, using the example of two post-industrial cities: Katowice and Saint-Étienne, which are struggling with a lack of positive image and limited access to external resources. He recounts the city authorities’ strategies and attempts to assign them to models of development through culture described in the literature. He devotes considerable space to the tactic of supra-local networking and to cooperation within the framework of international networks. He attempts a critical description of the actual role of culture in the processes of revitalizing selected cities. He claims that culture has a large role to play as a factor enhancing the participation of the inhabitants and thus to the endogenous development of the city. The ability to change the path of development while preserving the cohesion of the process with a city’s historical and cultural heritage testifies, in the author’s opinion, to the existence of a potential for resilience.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PRIMARY GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS IN INFORMATION SOCIETY

2013 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
L. N. Shcerbakova
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Present System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Global Character ◽  
New Information ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

The article reflects the author's position as to the role of global public blessings in the period of transition to new models of development. The present stage of development of a society is considered as transitive. The maintenance of this transition is a formation of the information society. The information society leans against a new basis: the new base resources, new structure of a society, global character of the functioning, new collective reason. Expansion of a circle of the global public blessings can become one of possible ways of formation of the given society. In their structure articles of prime necessity at global level are allocated. We have carried the ecological blessings to them; the creative blessings; equality; the first material benefits – habitation, transport, a food and clothes. The nature of the global public blessings in modern conditions is characterized much more deeply, rather than principles of public using. Deep fundamentals of blessings of the given level are defined. Following lines are carried to them: first place in comparison with market interests of the countries; their dominating role in formation of new model of development of world economy; definition of their essence on formation stages, instead of distributions. Their manufacture should be planned by the world regulating centre. The role of global public blessings as tools of development and growth of new economy is defined. Radical difference of character of public blessings in the present system and global public blessings in the transitive society is revealed. Object of research is the modern stage of development. Targets of research are the global public blessings. Novelty of the article is caused by the author's scientific vision of the role of global public blessings in the formation of the new information society as defined.

Migration, Diasporas and Development: Some Critical Perspectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bakewell
Keyword(s):  
Development Studies ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Development Failure ◽  
Migration And Development ◽  
Development Practice

SummaryThis article poses three questions about the recent resurgence of academic and policy interest in migration, development and diasporas. First, over many years the connection between migration and development has been of marginal interest for many of those involved in the field of development studies; in many cases, where it has been considered, migration has been seen as a symptom of a development failure and cause of further underdevelopment. What has changed to bring about the dramatic turnaround in views in the last decade? Second, governments and development organisations are increasingly focusing on the role of ‘diasporas’ in the process of development. The attempts to co-opt diasporas into existing development practice tend to assume that they share a common set of interests and aspirations with the development industry.Here, we ask who is included within these diasporas and why should they be expected to contribute to development? This leads to the third question: what is the nature of development in which we are anticipating that the migration process and diasporas should play a role? This article argues that existing models of development are inherently sedentary and struggle to incorporate migration. In the increasingly mobile world new concepts of development are required. An open and critical dialogue between diaspora members and the development industry may help to achieve this.

scholarly journals Microeconomic Approaches to Development: Schooling, Learning, and Growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

Within the field of economic development over the past 15 years or so, particularly significant advances have been made in what can be loosely called micro-development, an area defined principally by the units that are examined, not by a particular methodological approach. The units may be individuals, households, networks, banks, government agencies and so on, as opposed to countries. Within this area, economists use a wide variety of empirical methods informed to different degrees by economic models, they use data from developed and developing countries, and some use no data at all, to shed light on development questions. The best of this work speaks to the major questions of development and even informs, if not provides the foundation for, macro models of development and growth. I will illustrate the variety of approaches to development issues that microeconomists have employed by focusing on studies that illuminate and quantify the major mechanisms posited by growth theorists who highlight the role of education in fostering growth.

scholarly journals Computational Models of Development, Social Influences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bonawitz ◽  
Patrick Shafto
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Learning From Data ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Learning From Others

In the article we argue that past Bayesian approaches that model children's learning from data are missing an important element — the role of other people in generating that data. We propose that children take the origin of data into account when learning, which can be understood through ideal observer analyses of the social situation. Moreover, when observing evidence, children are not just learning from others, but also about others. We review recent literature suggesting that children can make inferences about the knowledge and goals of the individual selecting the data and use this knowledge to bolster learning from this evidence.

scholarly journals Toward a Science of Effective Cognitive Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire R. Smid ◽  
Julia Karbach ◽  
Nikolaus Steinbeis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Far Transfer ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

A long-standing question in the behavioral sciences is whether cognitive functions can be improved through dedicated training. It is uncontested that training programs can lead to near transfer, meaning increased performance on untrained tasks involving similar cognitive functions. However, whether training also leads to far transfer, meaning increased performance on loosely related untrained tasks or even activities of daily living, is still hotly debated. Here, we review the extant literature and, in particular, the most recent meta-analytic evidence and argue that the ongoing crisis in the field of cognitive-training research may benefit from taking a more mechanistic approach to studying the effectiveness of training. We propose that (a) adopting a more rigorous theoretical framework that builds on a process-based account of training and transfer, (b) considering the role of individual differences in the responsiveness to training, and (c) drawing on Bayesian models of development may help to solve controversial issues in the field and lead the way to designing and implementing more effective training protocols.

The Role of Academic Partnership in Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Seifi ◽  
Hesam Seyedin ◽  
Ghader Ghanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
English Language ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the community-based academic partnership roles in disaster risk management.Methods:The assessment of the documents was conducted by reviewing abstracts and full papers of the available studies, which provided considerable background and promoted knowledge in academic interventional roles in disaster risk management. The articles were searched with a wide range of key words related to the research topic. The studies included the research available between 2000 and September 2017 in the English language. The selection of articles was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.Results:Of 997 articles, we selected 12 full-text articles that met the criteria for the final review based on the study objective. The results show that, although universities can play multidirectional roles in disaster risk management phases, the development of the academic partnership potential and collaboration for disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction for stakeholders is necessary.Conclusion:The universities’ potential in providing sufficient disaster health literacy is not currently considered important enough in communities.Therefore, the proper context-bound models of development based on a community’s skills and universities’ potential should receive more attention.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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