Direct and Residual Effects of Phosphate-Enhanced Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Crop Production

With the continuing 20% growth rate in the organic industry, organic vegetable crop production has increased to 98,525 acres in the United States. The requirement for certified organic vegetable producers to implement a soil-building plan has led to the development of soil fertility systems based on combinations of organic fertilizers and cover crops. To determine optimal soil fertility combinations, conventional and organic bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in Iowa, comparing combinations of two synthetic fertilizers and three compost-based organic fertilizers, and a cover crop treatment of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and rye (Secale cereale) in a strip-tilled or fully incorporated cover crop system. Organic pepper growth and yields equaled or surpassed conventional production when nitrogen (N) was provided at 56 or 112 kg·ha−1 from compost-based organic fertilizer. Soil analysis revealed higher N in plots where cover crops were tilled compared with strip-tilled plots, leading to recommendations for sidedressing N in strip-tilled organic pepper production. Increased incidence of disease was also detected in strip-tilled plots. Postharvest weight loss after 6 weeks in storage was similar in organic and conventional peppers. The addition of calcium and sulfur products in conventional or organic fertilizer regimes did not increase pepper production or postharvest storage potential. Despite application challenges, cover crops will remain as critical components of the organic farm plan for their soil-building benefits, but supplementation with approved N sources may be required for optimal pepper production. Organic growers should conduct their own tests of organic-compliant soil amendments to determine cost effectiveness and value for their site before large-scale application.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of various types and norms of fertilizers in increasing the productivity of cultivated crops and the fertility of gray forest soil in the Pre-Kama Area of Tatarstan

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00255

Author(s):

Rafil C. Shakirov ◽

Zakirzhan M. Bikhmuhammetov ◽

Fidail F. Khisamiev

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Production Quality ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Comparative Aspect ◽

Environmentally Safe

The article discusses the effectiveness of various types and norms of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility, productivity and crop production quality, as well as crop rotation productivity in a comparative aspect with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the planned yield. Various norms of thermally dried granulated chicken manure were studied, its suitability as an environmentally safe complex organic fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing yields, produce quality, soil fertility and crop rotation productivity compared with traditional manure, buckwheat green manure crop, mineral fertilizers and natural nutritional background were established. The economic efficiency of the use of various types of fertilizers in crop rotation is determined and its increase to a profitability level of 74–222 % depending on the type and norms of fertilizers is established.

Download Full-text

Agronomic Efficiency of Animal-Derived Organic Fertilizers and Their Effects on Biology and Fertility of Soil: A Review

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 823

Author(s):

Shantanu Bhunia ◽

Ankita Bhowmik ◽

Rambilash Mallick ◽

Joydeep Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Production ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Animal Waste ◽

Substrate Affinity ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Microbial Abundance ◽

Animal Wastes

Healthy soils are essential for progressive agronomic activities. Organic fertilization positively affects agro-ecosystems by stimulating plant growth, enhancing crop productivity and fruit quality and improving soil fertility. Soil health and food security are the key elements of Organic Agriculture 3.0. Landfilling and/or open-dumping of animal wastes produced from slaughtering cause environmental pollution by releasing toxic substances, leachate and greenhouse gases. Direct application of animal carcasses to agricultural fields can adversely affect soil microbiota. Effective waste management technologies such as thermal drying, composting, vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion transform animal wastes, making them suitable for soil application by supplying soil high in organic carbon and total nitrogen. Recent agronomic practices applied recycled animal wastes as organic fertilizer in crop production. However, plants may not survive at a high fertilization rate due to the presence of labile carbon fraction in animal wastes. Therefore, dose calculation and determination of fertilizer application frequency are crucial for agronomists. Long-term animal waste-derived organic supplementation promotes copiotrophic microbial abundance due to enhanced substrate affinity, provides micronutrients to soils and protects crops from soil-borne pathogens owing to formation of plant-beneficial microbial consortia. Animal waste-derived organically fertilized soils possess higher urease and acid phosphatase activities. Furthermore, waste to fertilizer conversion is a low-energy requiring process that promotes circular bio-economy. Thus, considering the promotion of soil fertility, microbial abundance, disease protection and economic considerations application of animal-waste-derived organic fertilizer should be the mainstay for sustainable agriculture.

Download Full-text

Trends in the development of technical means for recycling organic waste from agricultural production

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021001001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 01001

Author(s):

Ludmila Kachanova ◽

Anatoly Bondarenko ◽

Alexander Golovko

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Cultural Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Arable Land ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Main Method ◽

Literary Sources

Obtaining record harvests of grain crops in Russia in recent years has led to a decrease in soil fertility and degradation of agricultural lands. More than 40 million hectares of arable land require restoration. The lack of organic raw materials does not contribute to the restoration of soil fertility, and the manure and manure produced are the main sources of en-vironmental pollution. The purpose of the work was to develop trends in the development of technical means for recycling organic waste from agri-cultural production. The main method for achieving the goal was a system-atic analysis of literary sources on this topic and the results of the authors' own research. The results of the recycling of liquid, semi-liquid and solid manure into concentrated organic fertilizers are given. The main develop-ment trends: the ability to interact with animal husbandry and crop produc-tion; transfer of raw materials (organic waste of animal husbandry and crop production) into a product in the form of high-quality concentrated organic fertilizers, necessary for the restoration of soil fertility; digitalization of technological processes for the production of KOU and their differentiated application to the field by scanning the qualitative composition of nutrients in the production layer of the soil.

Download Full-text

ОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ПОЧВЫИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВА

VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM. P.A. KOSTYCHEVA ◽

10.36508/rsatu.2019.68.67.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

O.V. Savina ◽

V.A. Makarov ◽

O.V. Makarova ◽

S.V. Gasparyan

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Modern Agriculture ◽

Main Indicator ◽

Russian Agriculture ◽

Practical Development ◽

Effective Development ◽

Material Energy

Целью работы явились теоретические и практические разработки по системному применению органических удобрений и мероприятий для поддержания бездефицитного баланса гумуса в севообороте, представляющие научно-прикладной интерес для повышения эффективности растениеводства. Органические удобрения являются одним из основных средств производства Российского земледелия, средством, получаемым из собственных источников, которые уже в течение нескольких столетий улучшают плодородие почвы и повышают её продуктивность. Они играют решающую роль в поступлении органических и питательных веществ в почву. В современном земледелии постоянно осуществляется воспроизводство всех показателей плодородия почв до приведения их в состояние, близкое к параметрам модели плодородия для данного типа и вида почв. Однако первостепенное значение принадлежит воспроизводству наиболее важных из них. Таким важным интегральным показателем является наличие в почве сельскохозяйственного назначения органического вещества гумуса. Оно в этом случае рассматривается как вещественно-энергетическая и структурно-экологическая основа плодородия почвы. Эффективное развитие земледелия неразрывно связано с системным применением удобрений и постоянным совершенствованием технологий их внесения при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур. Для решения этой задачи предлагается разработанная авторами методика применения органических удобрений в системе задач по производству продукции растениеводства и мероприятий для поддержания бездефицитного баланса гумуса в севообороте. При составлении баланса питательных веществ учитываются дозы внесения органических удобрений и вынос по основной удобряемой культуре. Приводятся схема по балансу питательных веществ с использованием удобрений в севообороте, а также классификационная характеристика качества навоза и химический состав соломы. В выводах показано, что основным показателем эффективности питательных веществ является количество валовой продукции, полученной от действия удобрений.The aim of the work was the theoretical and practical development of systematic use of organic fertilizers and measures to maintain a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotation-those of scientific and applied interest to improve the efficiency of crop production. Organic fertilizers are one of the main means of production of the Russian agriculture, the means received from own sources which within several centuries improves fertility of the soil and increases its productivity. They play a crucial role in the flow of organic and nutrient substances into the soil. In modern agriculture is constantly carried out reproduction of all indicators of soil fertility to bring them into a state close to the parameters of the fertility model for this type and type of soil. However, the reproduction of the most important of them is of paramount importance. Such an important integral indicator is the presence in the soil of agricultural organic matter humus. In this case it is considered as a material-energy and structural-ecological basis of soil fertility. The effective development of agriculture is inextricably linked to the systematic use of fertilizers and the continuous improvement of technologies for their application in the cultivation of agricultural crops. To solve this problem, the authors propose a method of application of organic fertilizers in the system of tasks for the production of crop production and measures to maintain a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotation. When drawing up the balance of nutrients, the doses of organic fertilizers and the removal of the main fertilized culture are taken into account. The scheme on the balance of nutrients with the use of fertilizers in crop rotation, as well as the classification characteristics of the quality of manure, and the chemical composition of straw are presented. The conclusions show that the main indicator of the effectiveness of nutrients is the amount of gross output obtained from the action of fertilizers.

Download Full-text

Effect of agricultural waste as organic fertilizer on yield and soil properties of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

Journal of Agricultural and Food Engineering - March 2020 ◽

10.37865/jafe.2021.0024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 1-4

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cocoa Pod Husk

The use of fertilizer particularly for the inorganic fertilizers has increased annually to cope the global demand of crop production. Nevertheless, inorganic fertilizer is expensive and associate with the negative effects to the environment and the soil structure. Alternatively, agricultural waste can be composted and used as organic fertilizer. Although such fertilizer has low nutrient concentration and solubility, it releases nutrients slowly which makes them available for a longer period. Moreover, this agricultural waste such as biomass and manure from plantation and livestock farms are available in abundance. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of different types of fertilizer treatments as listed; T1 – inorganic fertilizer (control), T2 – chicken manure, T3 – cow manure, T4 – empty fruit bunch and T5 – cocoa pod husk on the production of cocoa mature tree and its soil fertility. The results have shown that organic fertilizers with its consistency application has produce comparable production with inorganic fertiliser and have no differences in the soil chemical properties between the treatments. Hence, this study has clearly demonstrated that agricultural wastes act as organic fertilizers were able to increase crop production and improved the soil fertility in cocoa cultivation.

Download Full-text

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/1/38-41 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽

E. T. Naumchenko

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Rotation System ◽

Mobile Phosphorus ◽

Crop Rotation System ◽

Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

Download Full-text