scholarly journals ОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ  ПОЧВЫИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ  РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Savina ◽  
V.A. Makarov ◽  
O.V. Makarova ◽  
S.V. Gasparyan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Material Energy

Целью работы явились теоретические и практические разработки по системному применению органических удобрений и мероприятий для поддержания бездефицитного баланса гумуса в севообороте, представляющие научно-прикладной интерес для повышения эффективности растениеводства. Органические удобрения являются одним из основных средств производства Российского земледелия, средством, получаемым из собственных источников, которые уже в течение нескольких столетий улучшают плодородие почвы и повышают её продуктивность. Они играют решающую роль в поступлении органических и питательных веществ в почву. В современном земледелии постоянно осуществляется воспроизводство всех показателей плодородия почв до приведения их в состояние, близкое к параметрам модели плодородия для данного типа и вида почв. Однако первостепенное значение принадлежит воспроизводству наиболее важных из них. Таким важным интегральным показателем является наличие в почве сельскохозяйственного назначения органического вещества гумуса. Оно в этом случае рассматривается как вещественно-энергетическая и структурно-экологическая основа плодородия почвы. Эффективное развитие земледелия неразрывно связано с системным применением удобрений и постоянным совершенствованием технологий их внесения при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур. Для решения этой задачи предлагается разработанная авторами методика применения органических удобрений в системе задач по производству продукции растениеводства и мероприятий для поддержания бездефицитного баланса гумуса в севообороте. При составлении баланса питательных веществ учитываются дозы внесения органических удобрений и вынос по основной удобряемой культуре. Приводятся схема по балансу питательных веществ с использованием удобрений в севообороте, а также классификационная характеристика качества навоза и химический состав соломы. В выводах показано, что основным показателем эффективности питательных веществ является количество валовой продукции, полученной от действия удобрений.The aim of the work was the theoretical and practical development of systematic use of organic fertilizers and measures to maintain a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotation-those of scientific and applied interest to improve the efficiency of crop production. Organic fertilizers are one of the main means of production of the Russian agriculture, the means received from own sources which within several centuries improves fertility of the soil and increases its productivity. They play a crucial role in the flow of organic and nutrient substances into the soil. In modern agriculture is constantly carried out reproduction of all indicators of soil fertility to bring them into a state close to the parameters of the fertility model for this type and type of soil. However, the reproduction of the most important of them is of paramount importance. Such an important integral indicator is the presence in the soil of agricultural organic matter humus. In this case it is considered as a material-energy and structural-ecological basis of soil fertility. The effective development of agriculture is inextricably linked to the systematic use of fertilizers and the continuous improvement of technologies for their application in the cultivation of agricultural crops. To solve this problem, the authors propose a method of application of organic fertilizers in the system of tasks for the production of crop production and measures to maintain a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotation. When drawing up the balance of nutrients, the doses of organic fertilizers and the removal of the main fertilized culture are taken into account. The scheme on the balance of nutrients with the use of fertilizers in crop rotation, as well as the classification characteristics of the quality of manure, and the chemical composition of straw are presented. The conclusions show that the main indicator of the effectiveness of nutrients is the amount of gross output obtained from the action of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various types and norms of fertilizers in increasing the productivity of cultivated crops and the fertility of gray forest soil in the Pre-Kama Area of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00255
Author(s):  
Rafil C. Shakirov ◽  
Zakirzhan M. Bikhmuhammetov ◽  
Fidail F. Khisamiev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The article discusses the effectiveness of various types and norms of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility, productivity and crop production quality, as well as crop rotation productivity in a comparative aspect with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the planned yield. Various norms of thermally dried granulated chicken manure were studied, its suitability as an environmentally safe complex organic fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing yields, produce quality, soil fertility and crop rotation productivity compared with traditional manure, buckwheat green manure crop, mineral fertilizers and natural nutritional background were established. The economic efficiency of the use of various types of fertilizers in crop rotation is determined and its increase to a profitability level of 74–222 % depending on the type and norms of fertilizers is established.

scholarly journals RATIONALE PARAMETERS SOIL TILLING MACHINE FOR STRIP-TILL TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Leonid Sereda ◽  
Dmytro Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is a branch of the national economy designed to ensure the production of sufficient food for the population at high quality. The dynamic growth of the country's population leads to an increase in the gradual need for food, thus the agro-industrial complex will be a relevant industry for a long time, one of the key areas of economic development. The basis of agricultural production is agriculture, the main subject of which is land. Today, agriculture in the country is experiencing a very serious problem associated with the rapid decline in potential soil fertility. Effective development of agriculture in Ukraine does not do without the introduction of innovations in agriculture. Namely, the introduction of rational technologies with minimization of tillage and new design solutions for tillage units, focused on preserving and increasing the potential fertility of the country's lands, which is the key to a highly efficient process of crop production. Industrial tillage technology The impact on the soil, in addition, the violation of the technology of fertilizers, both organic and mineral, leads to a high level of plowing, deterioration of soil structure and reduced humus content, so research aimed at finding alternative, modern technologies tillage, which will preserve and restore the potential fertility of soils, which determines the relevance of this article. Thus, in order to preserve the main indicator of soil fertility of Ukraine, the authors of the article conducted theoretical studies of the parameters of the tillage unit for tillage technologies Strip-till, preceding the design and design, the main results of which are presented in the article.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

scholarly journals The influence of the methods of the main tillage and fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of chernozem

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Tatyana Aleksandrovna Trofimova ◽  
Sergey Ivanovich Korzhov ◽  
Vladimir Petrovich Belogolovtsev ◽  
Sergey Anatolyevich Preymak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Agrochemical Properties

In experiments carried out on ordinary and leached chernozem, the effect of minimizing the methods of basic tillage and biologization on the fertility of these soils was analyzed. The studies were carried out in stationary and short-term experiments from 1984 to 2017. The effect of various methods and depths of the main tillage, autumn tillage systems, and fertilizers (mineral and organic) on the agrophysical, biological and agrochemical indicators of chernozem was studied. Refusal to carry out farewell processing in grain cultivating crop rotation leads to an increase in the differentiation of the arable layer, a decrease in the fertility of its lower part. The use of annual tillage in the crop rotation resulted in a decrease in the humus content in the soil layer of 0–40 cm by 0.17% (after fertilizers application) and by 0.22% (without fertilizers) compared to the dump processing by 20–22 cm. Organic fertilizers in a complex with minerals during farewell processing promotes an increase in the content of humus in comparison with the surface distribution during surface mulch tillage. A decrease in soil fertility and yield of cultivated crops without dump processing is proved.  

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilization and Cover Crops on an Organic Pepper System

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Delate ◽  
C. Cambardella ◽  
A. McKern
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Farm

With the continuing 20% growth rate in the organic industry, organic vegetable crop production has increased to 98,525 acres in the United States. The requirement for certified organic vegetable producers to implement a soil-building plan has led to the development of soil fertility systems based on combinations of organic fertilizers and cover crops. To determine optimal soil fertility combinations, conventional and organic bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in Iowa, comparing combinations of two synthetic fertilizers and three compost-based organic fertilizers, and a cover crop treatment of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and rye (Secale cereale) in a strip-tilled or fully incorporated cover crop system. Organic pepper growth and yields equaled or surpassed conventional production when nitrogen (N) was provided at 56 or 112 kg·ha−1 from compost-based organic fertilizer. Soil analysis revealed higher N in plots where cover crops were tilled compared with strip-tilled plots, leading to recommendations for sidedressing N in strip-tilled organic pepper production. Increased incidence of disease was also detected in strip-tilled plots. Postharvest weight loss after 6 weeks in storage was similar in organic and conventional peppers. The addition of calcium and sulfur products in conventional or organic fertilizer regimes did not increase pepper production or postharvest storage potential. Despite application challenges, cover crops will remain as critical components of the organic farm plan for their soil-building benefits, but supplementation with approved N sources may be required for optimal pepper production. Organic growers should conduct their own tests of organic-compliant soil amendments to determine cost effectiveness and value for their site before large-scale application.

scholarly journals The Organic Fertilizers Residuals and Earthworm Introduction on Growth and Yield of Upland Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dick Dick Maulana ◽  
Suli Suswana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Faculty

<p>In modern agriculture, over use of inorganik fertilizers causes dangerous effects on environment, human health and loss of soil fertility. Soil organic matter is a main indicator of the quality and healthy soils. Organic matter mineralization is a key process that releasing the available nutrients to the plants. There are many organisms involved in the mineralization processes. Earthworm enable to digest soil organik matters, and the excretion’s have more available nutrients content, that potential to increase nutrients absorption. This research intended to study influences of organic fertilizers residuals and earthworm introduction on growth of the upland rice in pots. The experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Universitas Islam Nusantara (UNINUS), from January – June 2017, with RBD that comprised of two factors: (1) earthworm; and (2) residual of kinds and rates of the organik fertilizers. The results showed that aren’t significantly interaction influences of the organik fertilizers residuals and earthworm introduction on growth and yield of upland rice also to increase yield components of upland rice.</p>

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOWN AREAS STRUCTURE FOR THE STEPPE ZONE OF RSO – ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912
Author(s):  
D.M. Mamiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Agricultural Crops

The structure of the cultivated areas serves as the basis for the system of crop rotation, the main link in modern farming systems. The structure of sown areas and the system of crop rotations as the fundamental links of the farming system have close direct correlations and feed-backs with all other links of the farming system. On the one hand, they are fundamental, first of all, for organizing the soil protection and nature conservation of the territory, since in each farm the sown areas of agricultural crops on arable land prevail over the area of other agricultural lands. On the other hand, the system of crop rotation, which is developed on the basis of the promising structure of sown areas, is the basis for other links of the farming system. For more efficient use of arable land, increasing the yield of major agricultural crops, meeting the needs of farms with crop production, improving soil fertility, it is necessary to change the structure of sown areas taking into account the specific agro-climatic conditions of the steppe zone. There are two subzones in the considered zone: arid and moderately arid one. We have substantiated and optimized the structure of cultivated areas in order to increase soil fertility, ecological balance and productivity of agricultural landscapes for these two sub-zones of the steppe zone. For the arid sub-zone, in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 51.7%, legumes – 9.8%, fodder – 12.5%, industrial – 21%, vegetables – 5%. For the moderately arid sub-zone in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 42.0%, legumes – 10.3%, corn for grain – 13.7%, fodder – 10.5%, industrial – 17.0%, vegetables – 5%, potatoes – 1.5%.

PRODUCTIVITY OF CROP ROTATION ELEMENT AND QUANTITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WHEN USING SEWAGE AND ORGANIC COMPONENTS MIXTURE

1970 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Rabinovich ◽  
Е. А. Podolyan ◽  
T. S. Zinkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Organic Substrates

The expediency of introducing wastewater sediment (WWS) in fresh form together with additional fillers (peat, sawdust, straw) is justified. Field experience was conducted in 2015-2017. using WWS station of treatment facilities in Tver on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. WWS was applied once during the laying of the experiment together with organic substrates in different proportions with a general application rate of 60 t/ha. For comparative characteristics, the experiment included a variant with compost harvested at the treatment plant, based on WWS and sawdust. The influence of non-traditional types of organic fertilizers on the yield of field crops (vetch-oat mix, winter rye, spring barley), the quality of the resulting product, including the accumulation of heavy metals in it, was revealed. The greatest effect was observed when applying WWS with peat and WWS with sawdust. The study of the ratio of the components of mixtures with WWS showed that the highest productivity and yield increase was ensured by the use of WWS: substrates = 1: 1. A further increase in the participation of sawdust, peat and straw led to a decrease in productivity and quality indicators. WWS, introduced in different ratios together with organic substrates, did not cause excessive accumulation of heavy metals in crop production. The sequence of heavy metals was established: Zn> Cu> Co> Pb> As> Cd, which reflects the degree of their accumulation in the green mass of the vetch-oat mix, winter rye and barley grain. The influence of the studied norms for introducing WWS on the yield and quality of crops is maintained during all three years of the crop rotation link.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document