Collaborative Plant Breeding as an Incentive for On-Farm Conservation of Genetic Resources: Economic Issues from Studies in Mexico

1998 ◽  
pp. 239-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smale ◽  
D. Soleri ◽  
D. A. Cleveland ◽  
D. Louette ◽  
E. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Collaborative Plant Breeding ◽  
On Farm

On farm conservation of fruit genetic resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
F. Paprstein ◽  
J. Sedlak ◽  
P. Brandova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Fruit Genetic Resources ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Enhancing On-Farm Conservation Of Agro-Biodiversity Through Community Seed Bank: An Experience Of Western Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shree Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Assa Ram Gurung ◽  
BR Sthapit
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Practice ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
On Farm

The community seed bank (CSB) is emerged as an effective rural institution at the community level to strengthen farmers’ access to diversity of crop genetic resources as well as seeds that contribute to local food security for poor farmers and also to ensure the conservation of agro-biodiversity on-farm. This paper presents some evidences from the community of western Nepal to demonstrate that CSB is one of the options to conserve and use agro-biodiversity on farm. Biodiversity Conservation and Development Committees (BCDCs) and farmers have established six CSBs in western terai with the support of Agrobiodiversity component of Western Terai Landscape Complex Project (WTLCP-ABD) in Bardia (1 CSB), Kanchanpur (2 CSBs) and Kailali (3 CSBs) districts. These CSBs are functional with prearranged community developed mechanisms for collection, conservation, replication and distribution of seeds. Communities have collected and conserved 88 (Belwa), 77 (Beldandi), 99 (Gadariya), 78 (Masuriya), 76 (Patharaiya) and 82 (Shankarpur) number of accessions of different crops in CSBs. CSB enhanced farmer’s seed system and strengthened social networks for exchange of seeds to cope with impacts of climatic adversity by providing immediate access to locally adapted germplasm as community based adaptation strategy. CSB is becoming a reliable local adaptation practice that minimizes the potential negative impacts of climate change in addition to accessibility, conservation and use of genetic resources in western terai of Nepal. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 132-139 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7573

Participatory plant breeding programs to optimize use of crop genetic resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Margaret Smith ◽  
◽  
J. C. Dawson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
On Farm

This chapter summarizes a sample of variety evaluation, experimental design, and breeding method innovations that have served as solid approaches for participatory plant breeding (PPB) efforts. With success in PPB comes success in conservation at a local level of useful alleles and allele assemblages in the form of on-farm crop genetic resources. PPB programs of this sort have the potential to add value to local or traditional varieties that might otherwise be abandoned, thus promoting their in situ conservation. This chapter briefly touches on methodologies to assess farmers’ variety preferences. This is followed by sections that highlight some experimental designs for on-farm variety evaluation and farmer-participatory breeding methods for combining in-situ conservation with genetic improvement. Finally, some of the challenges that may limit genetic gain from PPB programs are noted – problems that increase the risk of wholesale replacement of on-farm genetic diversity rather than conservation through improvement.

scholarly journals Sweet and sour cherry decorative forms

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Ljubojevic ◽  
Vladislav Ognjanov ◽  
Dusica Bosnjakovic ◽  
Goran Barac ◽  
Marina Ognjanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
On Farm

Biodiversity of natural populations, biodiversity located on farm and the introduced cultivars and selections are a rich source of genetic variability in sour and sweet cherries, but they have never been bread with the aim of creating decorative varieties. Low vigour ? dwarfing and upright ? sour cherry genotypes, NS 1/16 KK and NS 1/24 KK, were selected from natural population of Fruska Gora and private arboretum, respectively. Sweet cherry selections NS 6/15 K and RS 8/27 were part of on farm conservation of genetic resources. Furthermore, reduction in vigour was achieved by defining specific combining abilities as a result of rootstock/scion interaction. The outcome of this study is unique columnar and dwarf forms that integrate specific genetic potential of varieties and selections, their interaction with rootstocks and traditional horticultural skills. Collected biodiversity is another confirmation that the Balkan peninsula is one of the most valuable secondary centres of genetic diversity and inexhaustible gene pool for breeding both, varieties and vegetative rootstocks.

Collection, Characterizaton and Conservation of Genetic Resources of Yam Cultivars From Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Olaoye Faluyi ◽  
Joshua Olumide Matthew ◽  
Sekinat Okiki Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starch Properties ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
On Farm

Abstract This study was initiated to restore the genetic resources of yam which had been decimated in a core yam-producing community in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Twenty cultivars, consisting of Dioscorea rotundata, D. cayenensis, D. alata, and D. dumetorum were identified, collected, characterized and multiplied using an On-farm Participatory Method. The yam cultivars were characterized for quality and yield of pounded yam (iyan) as well as starch properties. They were later conserved in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife.Morphological characterization separated Dioscorea alata (Ewura) by its winged vines while Dioscorea dumetorum (Esuru) was separated by its pubescent spines, trifoliate leaf with acute apex and base and the clustered, irregularly-shaped tuber. All the tubers of the yam cultivars had high storability. Pounded yam quality rated the Ikumo and Ajimokun cultivars as best while Odo was rated average and this was attributed to the swelling properties and amylose content of these cultivars. Yam cultivars with high granules had low swelling capacities. The Brittle Fraction Index of the starch from all the cultivars was lower than 1.0 explaining why the iyan they produced had no crust on the surface and kept for long hours after preparation.From this study, it was concluded that the local yam cultivars collected represent the core of yam genetic resources for utilization in the region. These cultivars are therefore recommended for prioritization in further studies on propagation, conservation and improvement so that a narrow genetic base of cultivars is not encouraged, for example, by promoting cultivars whose vines perform well in tuberization.

Community-based conservation of crop genetic resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-250
Author(s):  
Stef de Haan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
On Farm

This chapter explores the current state of research, knowledge and practice of community-based conservation in the context of continued farmer-driven processes and the emergence of diverse external interventions. Autonomous community-based conservation is largely powered by farmer demand for crop diversity. Cultural, provisioning and regulating ecosystem services play an essential role. It is argued that an enhanced understanding of the drivers and rationales influencing farmers decision-making continues to be essential under the current scenario of accelerated global change. A large and diverse portfolio of exogenous interventions have emerged since on-farm conservation has become a development issue. A variety of different interventions designed to support on-farm conservation for are reviewed. This chapter also highlights the need for an effective monitoring framework for community-based management of crop genetic resources. Such a systems could enhance the measurement, metrics and intelligence underlying the on-farm conservation status of crops and landraces.

Strengthening farmers' capacities for plant genetic resources conservation in Mali

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Huvio ◽  
Amadou Sidibé
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
On Farm

AbstractFarmers in local communities have a considerable amount of information on their genetic resources both at the individual and community level. The farmers' knowledge is interweaved into their daily practices as a reserve accumulated over the generations. The Farmer Field Fora approach (FFF) has been conceptualized in order to activate farmers to identify the existing resources both in the crops they cultivate and in their knowledge, to recognize its value and to start using it more consciously. The FFF approach links the use of existing diversity to the possibility of having new varieties and to improving productivity. In weekly meetings farmers observe changes in the field between varieties, debate on them and draw conclusions. In every session a theme on plant development is debated among farmers with the aid of a facilitator. Close contact with researchers allows involvement with the breeding practices and enables the aims and conduct used in research to be understood. This empowers farmers to participate in a more active way in research, to apply more precise ways of observing and managing their genetic resources, and to link their work to conservation activities at the national and local level. The results of the FFF trial, which was carried out in 10 villages in the region of San in Mali in 2001, show an increased interest among farmers to observe varieties. The appreciation criteria used is multiple including yield, earliness, strong tillers, high number of tillers, and resistance for diseases and Striga. It seems obvious that even though the goal of the approach is on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources, it must be closely linked to farmers' interest. The variation of the results between villages demonstrates variability of climatic condition in this region and a high genotype—environment interaction. Further modifications of the approach are required in order to improve equitable participation of different stakeholders and improve the institutionalization of on-farm conservation.

scholarly journals On-farm Conservation Approaches for Agricultural Biodiversity in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-35
Author(s):  
Bal Krishna Joshi ◽  
Deepak Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Agricultural Biodiversity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Village Level ◽  
On Farm

Agricultural biodiversity is the basis for agricultural research and development. This paper is based on the survey across the country along with the field implementation and action research on different conservation approaches over the years and locations. Management of agricultural biodiversity is being initiated in Nepal through ex-situ, on-farm, in-situ and breeding strategies by National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center (National Genebank) from 2010. National Genebank has implemented on-farm conservation across the country. Different approaches are community seed bank, community field genebank, household seed bank, household field genebank, village level field genebank and school field genebank. In addition to these, landrace enhancement program and recognition of agro-biodiversity rich farmers have also contributed on conserving APGRs. Identification of agro-biodiversity rich farmers have been initiated in collaboration with different governmental and non-governmental organizations across the country. Strong network among these farmers is supposed to establish for effectively managing APGRs on-farm. Agro-biodiversity conserved by such farmers is called household genebank, which consist of seed storage (household seed bank) and household field genebank. There are more than 100 CSBs in the country and some of them are conserving local genetic resources. Eight community field genebanks have been functionalized for conserving recalcitrant seeds and vegetatively propagated crop species. Village level field genebank has been established by NGO in Makwanpur district to conserve banana and taro. In this approach, different households grow different landraces, maintaining maximum diversity within a village. In some areas, school field genebank has been established by growing local APGRs in school areas. This helps to conserve APGRs, educate the students, earn the income and make environment beautiful. Genebank also encourages farmers to reintroduce the landraces from the National Genebank. Accessioning these APGRs and training to farmers and farming communities are necessary to effectively and efficiently conserving and utilizing APGRs on-farm.

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