UPTAKE OF 15N-LABELLED UREA AND 32P-LABELLED PHOSPHATE FROM ACID-BASED UREA PHOSPHATE AND GRANULAR FERTILIZERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Urea Phosphate

The availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer products labelled with both 32P and 15N was measured in a growth chamber experiment. The uptake of N and P by soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a solution of acid urea phosphate fertilizer did not differ significantly from that of a mixture of granular urea and monammonium phosphate fertilizer. The fertilizer-P uptake efficiency of both sources was higher in a neutral soil than in acid or calcareous soils. Banding either fertilizer increased the uptake of fertilizer P compared with sources mixed with the soil, but did not significantly affect fertilizer-N uptake. The increase in fertilizer-P efficiency due to banding was significantly greater for the urea-monammonium phosphate than for the acid urea phosphate solution. Banding fertilizer did not increase the uptake of fertilizer P in the calcareous soil, and decreased the uptake of fertilizer N in that soil compared with mixed treatments. It is suggested that soluble Ca formed from the reaction of acid with naturally occurring lime may have reduced the availability of fertilizer P in the band. Key words: Acid fertilizers, monoammonium phosphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, urea phosphate

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

scholarly journals Growth, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake of Sorghum Plants as Affected by Green Manuring with Pea or Faba Bean Shell Pod Wastes Using 15N

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Chammaa ◽  
Farid Al-Ain ◽  
Fawaz Kurdali
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
The Impact

Background: During the freezing or canning preparation process of green grain leguminous, large amounts of shell pods are considered as agricultural organic wastes, which may be used as Green Manure (GM) for plant growth enhancement. Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of soil amended with shell pod wastes of pea (PGM) or faba bean (FGM) as GM on growth, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in sorghum plants. Methods: Determination of the impact of adding four rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1) in the form of pea (PGM) or faba bean (FGM) shell pod wastes as GM on the performance of sorghum using the indirect 15N isotopic dilution technique. Results: Sorghum plants responded positively and differently to the soil amendments with either GMs used, particularly, the PGM. In comparison with the control (N0), soil amendment with an equivalent rate of 3.5 t ha-1 of PGM (PGM100) or with 6.5 t ha-1 of FGM (FGM150) almost doubled dry weight, N and P uptake in different plant parts of sorghum. Regardless of the GM used, estimated values of %Ndfgm in sorghum plants ranged from 35% to 55% indicating that the use of pod shells as GM provided substantial portions and amounts of N requirements for sorghum. Moreover, nitrogen recoveries of added GM (%NUEgm) ranged from 29 to 45% indicating that N in both of GM forms were used effectively. Accordingly, equivalent amounts to 17 - 48 kg N ha-1 of inorganic fertilizer may be saved. The beneficial effect of incorporating pod shells in soil on sorghum N was mainly attributed to their N availability, besides to their effects on the improvement of soil N uptake, particularly when using PGM. Conclusion: The agricultural by-products of faba bean and pea pod shells could be used as GM for sorghum growth improvement by enhancing N and P uptake from soil and from the organic source.

Shifts in nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and allocation in response to selection for yield in Chinese winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Victor O. Sadras ◽  
Marianne Hoogmoed ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Selection For

This study assessed changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and partitioning in response to selection for yield in milestone varieties of Chinese winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We established a factorial trial combining 11 nutrient–water regimes with three (2013–14) and five (2014–15) varieties released from 1970 to 2005. Grain yield increased at a rate of 0.46% year–1, with no apparent increase in the uptake of nutrients. Nitrogen harvest index did not change, and P harvest index increased at a rate of 0.15% year–1. Consequently, yield per unit N uptake and yield per unit P uptake increased at similar rates (0.4% year–1) at the expense of nutrient concentration in grain, which declined at a rate of 0.47% year–1 for N and 0.31% year–1 for P. No trends in N nutrition index were found. Selection for yield in wheat increased the yield per unit nutrient uptake at the expense of grain nutrient concentration. Further gains in yield need to be matched by increasing N uptake to maintain grain protein. Dilution of P in grain needs to be considered in terms of the putatively undesirable role of phytate for human nutrition, and the need for P reserves in seed for crop establishment.

Comparative effects of grain lentil–wheat and monoculture wheat on crop production, N economy and N fertility in a Brown Chernozem

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
A. J. Leyshon
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Fertilizer N

Low commodity prices and a desire by producers on the Canadian Prairies to reduce fertilizer-N inputs have resulted in a marked increase in grain lentil (Lens culinaris medikus) production. Many producers grow lentil in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A 12-yr study carried out at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, on an Orthic Brown Chernozemic silt loam was used to compare the N economy of four monoculture wheat rotations, of various rotation lengths and levels of N fertilization, with that of a wheat–lentil (W–Len) rotation. Except for continuous wheat (Cont W) receiving mainly P fertilizer, all systems received N and P on the basis of soil tests. Neither grain nor straw yield of the associated wheat crop was influenced by lentil in the rotation; but grain- and straw-N concentrations of the wheat in W–Len were increased compared with those of monoculture wheat. Average N content of straw was greatest for grain lentil and for wheat grown on fallow (F) (14.2 kg ha−1 yr−1), followed by wheat in W–Len (11.8 kg ha−1 yr−1) and by stubble-wheat of well-fertilized monoculture systems (F–W–W and Cont W (9.5 kg ha−1 yr−1)), and lowest for Cont W receiving mainly P (5.7 kg ha−1 yr−1). Nitrate N in the root zone (0–90 cm) in spring and at harvest was greatest under F–W, followed by W–Len and then by F–W–W and Cont W receiving N and P, and lowest for Cont W receiving mainly P. In the last 5 or 6 yr of study, there was a marked increase in the amount of soil-NO3 N found in the root zone under the W–Len rotation. This was accompanied by a similar increase in the apparent net N mineralized (estimated by N balance) during the growing season. Concomitantly, there was a gradual reduction in the fertilizer-N requirement for W–Len, indicating a cumulative enhancement of the N-supplying power of the soil, although estimates of the initial potential rate of N mineralization on samples taken in 1990 did not confirm this trend. We concluded that soil-testing laboratories may need to adjust fertilizer-N recommendations downward for producers that regularly use a 2-yr W–Len rotation. There was less NO3 N leached below the root zone of W–Len, probably because there was greater synchrony of N uptake in W–Len than in Cont W (N + P); this augurs well for the use of the W–Len rotation for sustainability.Key words: Crop rotations, pulse crops, N mineralization, N fixation, N leaching

Phosphorus efficiency of three cereals as related to indigenous mycorrhizal infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Baon ◽  
SE Smith ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
RD Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Set Up

The influence of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection on the assessment of phosphorus (P) efficiency in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Spear), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Galleon) and rye (Secale cereale L. cv. S.A. Commercial) was studied. P efficiency was defined in terms of uptake (mg P pot-1) or utilization (g dw mg-1 P). Experiments were set up with two soils which had low concentrations of plant available P and had been used in a previous study of P efficiency in cereals. Numbers of spores and infective propagules were significantly different in the two soils. In the soil with low propagule density, the extent of mycorrhizal infection of barley, wheat and rye increased with time. Twenty days after transplanting 3-day old seedlings, there was no difference in the percentage of root length infected (2.0%), but at 40 days, wheat (22.4%) and barley (19.3%) had significantly greater percentage of infected root than had rye (10.7%). At 30 days, wheat had a significantly higher percentage of root length infected than barley. In the soil with high propagule density, infection occurred more rapidly, so that the percentage of root length of wheat and barley infected was not significantly different at the three times of harvest. However, infection of rye significantly increased with time and was higher (31.8%) than that of barley (19.8%) at the final harvest. Mycorrhizal infection was positively correlated with efficiency of P uptake in barley, but not in wheat or rye. However, efficiency in utilization of P by barley and wheat was negatively correlated with infection. The colonization of cereals by the indigenous mycorrhizal fungi decreased with the addition of P to the soils. The results of these studies indicate the potential importance of mycorrhizal infection in assessment of P efficiency in cereals.

Nitrate leaching as influenced by fertilization in the Brown soil zone

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
O. O. Akinremi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
N Rates

The possibility of nitrates being leached into groundwater supplies from improper use of fertilizers is a concern to society. Two experiments were conducted on a loam soil in the Brown soil zone at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. In the first experiment, continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grown under various fertilizer-N management systems and with and without cereal trap strips (tall stubble, 0.4–0.6 m) to capture snow and enhance soil-moisture storage, was compared with short stubble cut at the standard height (0.15–0.2 m). Prior to seeding in spring 1991, tall stubble had stored 14.7 ha-cm of soil moisture at 0–1.2-m depth compared with 10.9 ha-cm under short-stubble treatment. Because growing-season precipitation in 1991 was much higher than normal (302 mm from 1 May to 31 My), considerable NO3-N was leached below the rooting zone of wheat (1.2 m), particularly in the tall-stubble treatment. Leaching patterns were as expected in short stubble, with major leaching occurring only at the highest N rate (125 kg ha−1), where yield and N-uptake response had levelled off. However, in tall stubble, the amount of NO3-N leached beyond the root zone under the 0 and 25 kg N ha−1 rates was similar to that under the 125 kg N ha−1 rate. This result was attributed to poor tillering obtained at low N rates, which contributed to lower evapotranspiration, thereby permitting more moisture to be leached and enhancing N mineralization. When we used a leaching model (NLEAP) to simulate our results, it gave lower estimates of NO3 leached and did not reveal the interaction of NO3-N leaching with N rates that was observed under tall stubble. The second experiment measured soil NO3-N distribution to 2.4 m under two fallow–wheat–wheat systems after a 24-yr period. One system received only N, the other, N + P fertilizer. The results corroborated those obtained under tall stubble in the first experiment: the poorly fertilized system had the most NO3-N below the root zone. The results of this study suggest that the key to reducing nitrate leaching is the adoption of proper fertilization practices, since too little fertilization may potentially be as detrimental to groundwater pollution as too much. Key words: Fertilizer N, N uptake, snow management, crop rotations, NO3 leaching

scholarly journals Remodeling of root morphology by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: effects on drought tolerance for plants colonized by a beneficial pseudomonad

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Yeol Yang ◽  
Stephanie Doxey ◽  
Joan E. McLean ◽  
David Britt ◽  
Andre Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Formulations that include nanoparticles of CuO and ZnO are being considered for agricultural applications as fertilizers because they act as sources of Cu or Zn. Currently, few studies of the effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) consider the three-way interactions of NPs with the plant plus its microbiome. At doses that produced root shortening by both nanoparticles (NPs), CuO NPs induced the proliferation of elongated root hairs close to the root tip, and ZnO NPs increased lateral root formation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). These responses occurred with roots colonized by a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6), originally isolated from roots of wheat grown under dryland farming in calcareous soils. The PcO6-induced tolerance to drought stress in wheat seedlings was not impaired by the NPs. Rather, growth of the PcO6-colonized plants with NPs resulted in systemic increases in the expression of genes associated with tolerance to water stress. Increased expression in the shoots of other genes related to metal stress was consistent with higher levels of Cu and Zn in PcO6-colonized shoots grown with the NPs. This work demonstrates that plants grown with CuO or ZnO NPs showed cross-protection from different challenges such as metal stress and drought.

scholarly journals Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

scholarly journals Impact of Mycorrhization on Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Acacia gummifera and Retama monosperma under Salt Stress

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Abdessamad Fakhech ◽  
Martin Jemo ◽  
Najat Manaut ◽  
Lahcen Ouahmane ◽  
Mohamed Hafidi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Utilization ◽  
Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

The impact of salt stress on the growth and phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) of two leguminous species: Retama monosperma and Acacia gummifera was studied. The effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to mitigate salt stress was furthermore assessed. Growth, N and P tissue concentrations, mycorrhizal root colonization frequency and intensity, and P utilization efficiency (PUE) in the absence or presence of AMF were evaluated under no salt (0 mM L−1) and three salt (NaCl) concentrations of (25, 50 and 100 mM L−1) using a natural sterilized soil. A significant difference in mycorrhizal colonization intensity, root-to-shoot ratio, P uptake, PUE, and N uptake was observed between the legume species. Salt stress inhibited the shoot and root growth, and reduced P and N uptake by the legume species. Mycorrhizal inoculation aided to mitigate the effects of salt stress with an average increase of shoot and root growth responses by 35% and 32% in the inoculated than in the non-inoculated A. gummifera treatments. The average shoot and root growth responses were 37% and 45% higher in the inoculated compared to the non-inoculated treatments of R. monosperma. Average mycorrhizal shoot and root P uptake responses were 66% and 68% under A. gummifera, and 40% and 95% under R. monosperma, respectively. Mycorrhizal inoculated treatments consistently maintained lower PUE in the roots. The results provide insights for further investigations on the AMF conferred mechanisms to salt stress tolerance response by A. gummifera and R. monosperma, to enable the development of effective technologies for sustainable afforestation and reforestation programs in the Atlantic coast of Morocco.

EFFECT OF WHEAT, LEGUME AND LEGUME-ENRICHED WHEAT RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM AND SOIL FERTILITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Green Manuring

Field experiments were conducted for two crop years at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of enriching wheat residue with legume residue on the productivity and nitrogen uptake of a rice-wheat cropping system and soil fertility. The incorporation of wheat residue had an adverse effect on the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system. When it was incorporated along with Sesbania green manure, not only did its adverse effect disappear but the response to fertilizer N was also increased. There was no response to fertilizer N when Sesbania green manure was incorporated. When wheat residue was incorporated along with Sesbania green manuring, rice responded significantly to fertilizer N up to 120 kg N ha-1 in the first year and to 60 kgN ha-1 in the second year and at these levels of N, Sesbania + wheat residue gave 0.8 to 1.2 t ha-1 more grain, 0.6-1.0 t ha-1 more straw and 8-15 kg ha-1 more N uptake of rice resulting in 0.04-0.17% more organic C, 3-8 kg ha-1 more available P and 17-25 kg ha-1 more available K content in the soil than wheat residue alone at the same rates of N application. The respective increaseas caused by Sesbania green manure + wheat residue over Sesbania green manure alone were 0.3-0.5 t ha-1 in the grain and straw yield, 1-9 kg ha-1 in the N uptake of rice, 0.02-0.10% in organic C, 1-8 kg ha-1 in available P and 35- 70 kg ha-1 in available K content in the soil. These treatments also gave higher residual effects in succeeding wheat than wheat residue alone. The incorporation of residues of both wheat and Sesbania is thus recommended to eliminate the adverse effect of wheat residue and to increase the beneficial effects of Sesbania green manuring.

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