In Vivo Methods in the Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Cereal Proteins

1985 ◽  
pp. 131-162
Author(s):  
Brigitta Walger-Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cereal Proteins

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Effect of cooking, pH and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) food, ugali

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Bach Knudsen ◽  
L. Munck ◽  
B. O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Endosperm Protein

1. The present work was undertaken to study the effects of cooking, pH and polyphenol level on carbohydrate composition and nutritional quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Three different sorghum varieties; Dabar, Feterita and Argentine containing zero, intermediate to low and high levels of polyphenols respectively were used in the study. From these varieties uncooked, uncooked acidified, cooked, and cooked acidified diets were prepared. Diets were characterized with regard to resistant starch (RS), dietary fibre (DF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and amino acid content. Raw materials were further analysed for content and composition of non-starch polysaccharides and Klason lignin. The nutritional properties were studied in balance trials with rats. True protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV), net protein utilization, digestible amino acids, digestible energy (DE) and digestible DF were used as criteria in the nutritional study.2. Cooking at neutral and acid pH resulted in significantly higher assayed values for DF. Increase in DF could be accounted for by formation of RS. Approximately 50% of RS was recovered in the faeces.3. In vitro values for protein associated with ADF and in vivo balance values using rats suggest that an endosperm protein fraction, kafirins, was made unavailable during cooking. This resulted in reduced TD and increased BV. It is assumed that unavailable kafirins serve as a nitrogen source for microflora in the hind-gut.4. Dietary polyphenols changed the excretory route for N from urine to faeces. This resulted in lower TD and higher BV in Argentine (high in polyphenols) than in Dabar and Feterita (low in polyphenols), although dietary lysine (first limiting amino acid) was the same in the three varieties.5. Variation in DE of the diets was attributed to DF, RS and the amount of faecal protein, which in turn were influenced by undigested kafirins and polyphenols.

scholarly journals Harnessing Microbes for Sustainable Development: Food Fermentation as a Tool for Improving the Nutritional Quality of Alternative Protein Sources

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kårlund ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Jenni Korhonen ◽  
Outi-Maaria Palo-oja ◽  
Hani El-Nezami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Protein Sources

In order to support the multiple levels of sustainable development, the nutritional quality of plant-based protein sources needs to be improved by food technological means. Microbial fermentation is an ancient food technology, utilizing dynamic populations of microorganisms and possessing a high potential to modify chemical composition and cell structures of plants and thus to remove undesirable compounds and to increase bioavailability of nutrients. In addition, fermentation can be used to improve food safety. In this review, the effects of fermentation on the protein digestibility and micronutrient availability in plant-derived raw materials are surveyed. The main focus is on the most important legume, cereal, and pseudocereal species (Cicer arietinum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Lupinus angustifolius, Pisum sativum, Glycine max; Avena sativa, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Sorghum bicolor; and Chenopodium quinoa, respectively) of the agrifood sector. Furthermore, the current knowledge regarding the in vivo health effects of fermented foods is examined, and the critical points of fermentation technology from the health and food safety point of view are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two "in vitro" Digestibility Tests with the "in vivo" Test of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Feeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
López S. ◽  
Guevara H. ◽  
Duchi N. ◽  
Moreno G.
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
A Value ◽  
Commercial Enzymes

The purpose of the present study was to compare two types of "in vitro" digestibility assays by using commercial enzymes and guinea pig cecalliquor with the in vivo assay, to identify the assay that most resembles the in vivo response. The alfalfa was used in two cutting times of 30 and 45 days. The "in vivo" digestibility of alfalfa was analyzed, obtaining that after 30 days of cutting the digestibility was 53.64% and at 45 days it was 47.72%, while for the digestibility "in vitro", the DaisyII®-Ankom Technology with cecal liquor and commercial pepsin; for the cecal liquor a value of 55.46% and 49.90% was obtained, for the alfalfa in the two cutting times, while the digestibility with enzymes was 71.01% and 66.34% respectively. It was determined that the method with more relation to the in vivo test corresponds to the trial with cecal liquor, because it presents a lower statistical difference (p <0.05) for both cut-off times. At the same time, it is identified that the protein is the nutrient that has a higher digestibility coefficient, becoming an indicator of the nutritional quality of the food.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of formulated complementary diet from defatted almond seed, yellow maize and quality protein maize flours

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Raymond Adesanmi ◽  
Sunday Abiodun Malomo ◽  
Tayo Nathaniel Fagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Complementary Diet

Abstract Traditional complementary foods are mainly starchy foods with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like almond seed. This research thus aimed at investigating the nutritional quality of the formulated complementary diet from locally available almond seeds (Prunus amygdalus), high quality protein (QPM) and yellow maize after blending into flours. The proximate and amino acid compositions, in vitro protein qualities and functional properties of the blended flours were determined using standard methods. The in vivo studies involved feeding the weanling Wister albino rats with blended flours and commercial Cerelac (control), followed by hematological and histopathological determinations, while sensory attributes were evaluated by the semi-trained panelists. The protein contents of the flour blends (24–28%) were significantly (p < 0.05) better with adequate indispensable amino acids and improved functionalities than commercial cerelac (23%). Comparatively, the dried germinated QPM (DGQPM) has significant (p < 0.05) higher biological value (~ 37%) than fermented high QPM (FHQPM) (~ 30%), thereby indicating that the germination process improved protein quality of the diets. Besides, the in vivo data showed a positive effect of germination process as the rats fed with DGQPM has low white blood cells (30 × 102) compared to FHQPM (42 × 102) and cerelac (51 × 102). However, the fermentation process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM (49%) when compared to DGQPM and cerelac (47%). The formulated diets have no negative effects on the protein content (45.19–51.88 mg N/g) and weight (0.25–1.36 g) of the internal organs (liver, kidney and tissue) of the animals when compared to cerelac (53.72–55.04 mg N/g; 0.25–1.98 g), respectively. The panelists generally accepted all the formulated diets, hence encouraging their utilization in the global preparation of complimentary foods for young children to meet their nutritional needs and adding value to the locally produced underutilized almond seeds.

In vivo nutritional evaluation and feeding value of silage made from extensive pastures containing wildflowers and herbs

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
G E J Fisher ◽  
N W Offer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Dairy Heifer

With the trend in agriculture to more extensive systems of production it is likely that less productive grasslands with lower inputs of fertilizer nitrogen will be used. However, there is a need to marry conservation orientated policies with profitable farming. It is therefore necessary to study the nutritional quality of forage from extensive pastures which will be used for animal production. The objectives of this experiment were to measure the digestibility in vivo of silages made from extensive pastures containing grasses, clovers, wildflowers and herbs and to investigate the feeding value of big bale silage from these pastures for feeding dairy heifer replacements for calving at two years of age.

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