The World Situation (It’s a small world after all)

Author(s):  
M. J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Varvara A. Byachkova ◽  

The article raises the topic of space organization in writings by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The object of analysis is the novel A Little Princess. The novel, addressed primarily to children and teenagers, has many similarities with David Copperfield and the works of Charles Dickens in general. The writer largely follows the literary tradition created by Dickens. The space of the main character is divided into three levels: the Big world (states and borders), the Small world (home, school, city) and the World of imagination. The first two worlds give the reader a realistic picture of Edwardian England, the colonial Empire, through the eyes of a child reveal the themes of unprotected childhood, which the writer develops following the literary tradition of the 19th century. The Big and Small worlds also perform an educational function, being a source of experience and impressions for the main character. In the novel, the aesthetic of realism is combined with folklore and fairy-tale elements: the heroine does not completely transform the surrounding space, but she manages to change it partially and also to preserve her own personality and dignity while experiencing the Dickensian drama of child disenfranchisement, despair and loneliness. The World of imagination allows the reader to understand in full the character of Sarah Crewe, demonstrates the dynamics of her growing up, while for herself it is a powerful protective mechanism that enables her to pass all the tests of life and again become a happy child who can continue to grow up and develop.


PMLA ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Henry Allen Moe

Three weeks ago this evening, Edward R. Murrow, on his televised “Small World” program, asked two distinguished poets if they could cite any instance of a poem directly affecting history. The distingished poets had no answer, I am sorry to say. They had a chance, literally, to tell the world; but, in the language of baseball, they muffed it. Yet there is a wonderfully clear instance of a poem directly affecting history—making history, indeed—and this is the subject of my paper.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Gandolfo Dominici ◽  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Davide Di Fatta ◽  
Federica Evangelista

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Holden ◽  
Kelley Lee ◽  
Anna Gilmore ◽  
Gary Fooks ◽  
Nathaniel Wander

Tobacco market liberalization can have a profound impact on health. This article analyzes internal documents of British American Tobacco (BAT), released as a result of litigation in the United States, in order to examine the company's attempts to influence negotiations over China's accession to the World Trade Organization. The documents demonstrate that BAT attempted to influence these negotiations through a range of mechanisms, including personal access of BAT employees and lobbyists to policymakers; employment of former civil servants from key U.K. government departments; use of organized business groups such as the Multinational Chairmen's Group and the European Round Table; and participation and leadership in forums organized by Chatham House. These processes contributed to significant concessions on the liberalization of the tobacco market in China, although the failure to break the Chinese state monopoly over the manufacture and distribution of cigarettes has ensured that foreign tobacco companies' share of the Chinese market has remained small. World Trade Organization accession has nevertheless led to a profound restructuring of the Chinese tobacco industry in anticipation of foreign competition, which may result in more market-based and internationally oriented Chinese tobacco firms.


Author(s):  
Peter Thomson

The air smells of rain and autumn decay and sends cold, sharp fingers poking through our clothes as the Lonesome Boatman steers our little craft along the shore of the Holy Nose. Beyond the gunwales of the boat, spears of orange and emerald march up the steep hillside—the ubiquitous larch and birch, cedar and fir, muted under the thick sky. And behind this abrupt shoreline rises a dark mountain chain that extends fifty kilometers southwest along the length of the peninsula, mirroring the ridges of the Barguzin chain across the bay to the east and the unseen peaks of the Primorsky, Baikal, and Khamar Daban ranges hugging the lake’s western and southern shores. This is the vertiginous lay of the land around nearly all of Baikal’s shoreline. It’s not just the clear and deep water that can make one’s head spin. On all sides, mountains rear up five, six, and seven thousand feet above the lake, and then plunge past the surface and on toward the depths with barely a pause to acknowledge the change from air to water. Bobbing in a boat on its surface, you get the peculiar feeling that Baikal is itself contained by some larger vessel. One English word that I’ve heard used to describe the lake basin, in keeping with the notion of Baikal being a “sacred sea,” is “chalice,” like some kind of holy vessel cradling these mystical waters. You get the peculiar feeling, as well, that the world begins and ends here. There are no landmarks that are not part of the Baikal ecosystem, not a spot of earth on which a drop of falling rain doesn’t flow into Baikal. And despite the lake’s magnitude, it’s actually a very small world, at least the part that humans can occupy. Around most of the lake there’s almost no “shore” to speak of, just a narrow margin at the base of the mountains here and there where humans can get a toehold at the edge of the abyss.


2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE FREEDMAN

In his book Small World, David Lodge has the globe-trotting Maurice Zapp explain the revolution that had taken place in academic life during the 1970s. Two things had become more portable – information and people – and three things had made this possible ‘jet travel, direct-dialling telephone and the Xerox machine’. As long as you have access to these, Zapp explains, ‘you're plugged into the only university that actually matters – the global campus. A young man in a hurry can see the world by conference-hopping’. That is the theme of Lodge's book.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijin Zhang ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Zongbing Lin

Abstract Small World Effect (or Six Degrees of Separation theory) has generated significant influence in the world. Many researchers and institutes have done lots of work on the study of it. We model Small World Effect by random process and Graph, calculate the probability that any two people i and j in the world can contact each other after n steps (forwarding messages by intermediaries) based on different R (average number of acquaintances everyone has in the world).When R=50 or 80, if , the probability is 0.848 and the search is very likely to happen. When R=150, n=4, this probability is 0.99994, that is, after 4 steps, any two people in the world will establish connection almost surely. In the sense of Dunbar's number (R=150), six degrees of separation becomes four degrees of separation. We propose the concepts of (directed) Random Fuzzy Graph for the very first time which can describe the fact of recognition among people best, because the relation among persons is random and fuzzy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Irina A. Belyaeva

The article examines one of the possible parallels between the protagonists of the novels Oblomov and The Idiot , which was formulated by Dostoevsky himself. He pointed out both the similarities between Myshkin and Oblomov and the differences between the two. The purpose of the article is to explain the special status of the characters of Dostoevsky and Goncharov, which is linked to their explicit or implicit desire to save the world. The task is to systematize various views of scholars on the issue of Dostoevsky and Goncharov, especially in the light of their relation to the Russian spiritual tradition. The thesis is put forward that the similarity between the two protagonists may be explained by the similarity of the two authors views on the problem of secular holiness. In both novels similar versions of the plot of salvation are realized, in which the protagonist claims to be the savior of others, although another motif, that of personal salvation, is emphasized by Goncharov in Oblomov and has Dante origins. While in the case of Myshkin his wish to be Christ-alike lead him to a personal catastrophe, and the destruction of his inner circle, in Oblomovs case there are no such losses, there are even some advantages in the form of the emerging life of Shtolz and Olga, in the form of awakening to a new life of Agafia Matveevna Pshenitsyna. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that both Dostoevsky and Goncharov did not forget about the human nature of their characters, but the former, as Goncharov put it, allowed his Myshkin, Prince Christ, to wear a divine robe and thus largely predetermined his failure as a savior, while the latter alleviated the traits of holiness in his Oblomov, leaving only traces of them, which attract people to the character making them and their small world better.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon De Deyne ◽  
Danielle Navarro ◽  
Amy Perfors ◽  
Marc Brysbaert ◽  
Gert Storms

Word associations have been used widely in psychology, but the validity of their application strongly depends on the number of cues included in the study and the extent to which they probe all associations known by an individual. In this work, we address both issues by introducing a new English word association dataset. We describe the collection of word associations for over 12,000 cue words, currently the largest such English-language resource in the world. Our procedure allowed subjects to provide multiple responses for each cue, which permits us to measure weak associations. We evaluate the utility of the dataset in several different contexts, including lexical decision and semantic categorization. We also show that measures based on a mechanism of spreading activation derived from this new resource are highly predictive of direct judgments of similarity. Finally, a comparison with existing English word association sets further highlights systematic improvements provided through these new norms.


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