Determination of ‘S’ Using Physical Principles

2003 ◽  
pp. 244-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Kumar Mishra ◽  
Vijay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Principles

scholarly journals Frequency and temperature control for complex system engineering in optoelectronics and electronics: an overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Salzenstein
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Microwave Oscillators ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Control Complex

To take advantage of the physical principles of determining parameters, such as frequency stability, noise and also alignment of optical signals, it is necessary to control complex systems. This work allows explaining it through various concrete cases such as the determination of phase noise of microwave oscillators, the control of the temperature of the manufacturing process of optical components. We also discuss the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the measurement results, as it is fundamental to control the error range.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles, human health hazard and regulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Seaton ◽  
Lang Tran ◽  
Robert Aitken ◽  
Kenneth Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Science ◽  
Combustion Particles ◽  
Human Health Hazard ◽  
Physical Principles

New developments in technology usually entail some hazard as well as advantage to a society. Hazard of a material translates into risk by exposure of humans and/or their environment to the agent in question, and risk is reduced by control of exposure, usually guided by regulation based on understanding of the mechanisms of harm. We illustrate risks relating to the causation of diseases associated with exposure to aerosols of combustion particles and asbestos, leading to paradigms of particle toxicity, and discuss analogies with potential exposure to manufactured nanoparticles (NPs). We review the current understanding of the hazard of NPs derived from the new science of nanotoxicology and the limited research to date into human exposure to these particles. We identify gaps in knowledge relating to the properties of NPs that might determine toxicity and in understanding the most appropriate ways both to measure this in the laboratory and to assess it in the workplace. Nevertheless, we point out that physical principles governing the behaviour of such particles allow determination of practical methods of protecting those potentially exposed. Finally, we discuss the early steps towards regulation and the difficulties facing regulators in controlling potentially harmful exposures in the absence of sufficient scientific evidence.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF VOLUME AND WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS AND HUMIDITY OF HOPE YIELD

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Васильев ◽  
Aleksandr Vasil'ev ◽  
Роман Андреев ◽  
Roman Andreev ◽  
Евгений Алексеев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Physical Principles

The article describes the experiments on the drying of hops in laboratory conditions in rack-type dryers with electric heating, which, according to the results of tests, will allow to obtain samples of dry hops, comparable in quality to those obtained in industrial dryers. The hop cones were harvested by hand. The study describes the volume-mass characteristics of hop cones, the technology of experimental data processing, as well as the dependence of the volume mass of hops on weather conditions, the ripeness phase and varietal characteristics. The main technical requirements for the design of promising hops, working on various physical principles are justified. The purpose of the research is the analytical and experimental determination of the amount of moisture and dry matter, in order to ensure maximum benefit in terms of time and energy needed for hops drying. Research is relevant due to the need for modern, efficient, fireproof hops drying equipment designed to meet the needs of small and large producers. The relevance of the research is to reduce the dependence of hop-raising enterprises on foreign manufacturers of drying systems, import substitution, expanding the investment opportunities of these organizations, creating technological conditions for intensifying hop production in the country. The presented research will be in demand in the process of developing the concept of promising oast houses.

scholarly journals Possible explanations for fine-tuning of the universe

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoharu Kawana
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Matrix Model ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Tuning Mechanism ◽  
Study Review ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Physical Principles

The Froggatt–Nielsen mechanism and the multilocal field theory are interesting and promising candidates for solving the naturalness problem in the universe. These theories are based on the different physical principles: The former assumes the microcanonical partition function [Formula: see text], and the latter assumes the partition function [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the multilocal action [Formula: see text] Our main purpose is to show that they are equivalent in the sense that they predict the same fine-tuning mechanism. In order to clarify our argument, we first study (review) the similarity between the Froggatt–Nielsen mechanism and statistical mechanics in detail, and show that the dynamical fine-tuning in the former picture can be understood completely in the same way as the determination of the temperature in the latter picture. Afterward, we discuss the multilocal theory and the equivalence between it and the Froggatt–Nielsen mechanism. Because the multilocal field theory can be obtained from physics at the Planck/String scale, this equivalence indicates that the microcanonical picture can also originate in such physics. As a concrete example, we also review the IIB matrix model as an origin of the multilocal theory.

Determination of clay mineral aspect ratios from conductometric titrations

Clay Minerals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weber ◽  
M. Heuser ◽  
G. Mertens ◽  
H. Stanjek
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Particle Size Determination ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractIt has been established that disagreements between different methods of particle size determination of clay minerals can be ascribed to the non-spherical shape of the clay particles. However, by having aspect ratios available, particle sizes can be harmonized. One frequently used approach to obtain aspect ratios is to compare particle sizes originating from at least two devices operating on the basis of different physical principles. In this contribution aspect ratios of nine kaolinite-dominated and one dickite-dominated sample were determined by conductometric titrations. The aspect ratios obtained were then successfully used to correlate particle size distributions from dynamic laser scattering and acoustic spectroscopy.

Conclusive Determination of Compliance with the Prescribed Reinforcement Elements of Concrete Structures - The Appropriate Methods and their Capabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Anton ◽  
Tereza Komárková ◽  
Věra Heřmánková
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Physical Principles

Despite efforts to maintain quality during the construction of reinforced concrete structures, it is relatively common for improper reinforcement to be used, contradicting the project, which can lead to serious structural defects. It is then up to non-destructive testing methods to prove these defects. The key is the choice of the appropriate method and equipment, both in terms of achieving the necessary results and the possibility of their documentation. In recent years, there has been a significant progress in the development of non-destructive methods for the diagnosis of reinforcement and modernization of the technologies used so far, especially in the field of GPR and electromagnetic methods. At the same time, however, for a number of reasons, major limitations appear in the area of a conventional method of radiography. This contribution focuses on the current state of the problem, and it demonstrates the applicability of individual methods and their limitations given by their physical principles and technical solutions on a set of practical examples.

scholarly journals Experimental determination of lethal doses of heat in thermal weed control

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S9-S12
Author(s):  
M. Mojžiš ◽  
I. Vitázek ◽  
F. Varga ◽  
S. Lindák
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Physical Principles

Thermal weed control performed by weeders working on physical principles is already commonly used on farms dealing with bioproducts. It helps to reduce strenuous human labour and to effectively control weeds and, to some extent, pests and diseases threatening the crops. It also prevents other weeds from spreading by destroying them in the early growth stage. In addition, development of weeds is inhibited when the soil is not being ploughed. Effective deployment of these machines in practice is currently addressed by experts in the field, as well as the possibility of rational use of heat energy while achieving the maximum effect on weeds. This method in particular helps to reduce costs of thermal treatment, which are the key factor limiting widespread deployment of weeders. The paper introduces long-term research based on laboratory and field experiments, which is intended to broaden the knowledge regarding this issue.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL SENSOR BASED ON A PLANAR CAPACITOR FOR REMOTE SENSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
N. S. Pshchelko ◽  
I. M. Sokolova ◽  
D. A. Chigirev
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Capacitive Sensors ◽  
Environmental Sensing ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Planar Capacitor ◽  
Multifunctional Sensor ◽  
Physical Principles

The article deals with the issues related to the technical implementation of environmental sensing using capacitive sensors. It proposes a design of a capacitive sensor of a planar type, and studies physical principles of its operation. The operation of the sensor in two main modes is analyzed: 1) determination of the distance to the object at known electrophysical characteristics of the object; 2) determination of the electrophysical characteristics of the object at a known distance to it. The article provides data of direct measurements of the sensor capacitance and its output signal level under various conditions.

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