Production of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Arabidopsis Thaliana

2003 ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Smith ◽  
G. Chowrira ◽  
L. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Production of hydroxy fatty acids in the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smith ◽  
H. Moon ◽  
L. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Oleate Desaturase ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Seed Specific Expression

Seed-specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana of oleate hydroxylase enzymes from castor bean and Lesquerella fendleri resulted in the accumulation of hydroxy fatty acids in the seed oil. By using various Arabidopsis mutant lines it was shown that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) n–-3 desaturase (FAD3) and the FAE1 condensing enzyme are involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated and very-long-chain hydroxy fatty acids, respectively. In Arabidopsis plants with an active ER Δ12-oleate desaturase the presence of hydroxy fatty acids corresponded to an increase in the levels of 18:1 and a decrease in 18:2 levels. Expression in yeast indicates that the castor hydroxylase also has a low level of desaturase activity.

Early accumulation of non-enzymatically synthesised oxylipins in Arabidopsis thaliana after infection with Pseudomonas syringae

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Grun ◽  
Susanne Berger ◽  
Daniel Matthes ◽  
Martin J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Oxygen Species

The formation of non-enzymatic oxylipins is catalysed by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are produced in response to pathogen attack. In this study, the accumulation of non-enzymatically formed hydroxy fatty acids and F1-phytoprostanes in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn upon infection with Pseudomonas syringae was investigated and compared with the accumulation of the enzymatically formed oxylipins jasmonic acid and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Levels of all oxylipins increased after infection with a virulent and with an avirulent strain of P. syringae. Inoculation of the avirulent strain resulted in a biphasic accumulation with a first maximum around 5 h which was missing after inoculation of the virulent strain. Levels of free and esterified hydroxy fatty acids and F1-phytoprostanes increased after pathogen treatment; however, esterified compounds were 30 times more abundant than free oxylipins. The increase of the free compounds occurred later than the increase of the esterified compounds suggesting that non-enzymatic lipid oxidation occurs predominantly in membranes from which oxidised lipids can be released.

The involvement of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases in triacylglycerol production

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Banaś ◽  
A. Dahlqvist ◽  
U. Ståhl ◽  
M. Lenman ◽  
S. Stymne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Vernolic Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Unusual Fatty Acids

We have characterized three CoA-independent types of enzyme, phospholipases, phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDATs) and cholinephosphotransferases, responsible for the removal of unusual fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine (PC) in microsomal preparations from developing oil seeds. The metabolism of sn-2-[14C]acyl-PC was monitored in microsomal preparations from various oilseeds having either medium-chain, acetylenic, epoxy or hydroxy fatty acids as their major fatty acids in the oil. The results indicate that PDAT plays a major role in removing ricinoleic acid and vernolic acid from phospholipids in Ricinus communis and Crepis palaestina seeds, respectively. However, vernolic, crepenynic and capric acids are primarily removed from phospholipids by phospholipases in Euphorbia lagascae, Crepis rubra and elm seeds, respectively. Further, we show that significant PDAT activity is also present in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana.

scholarly journals Occurrence of 2-hydroxy fatty acids in animal tissues

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Kishimoto ◽  
Norman S. Radin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Tissues

scholarly journals Optimization and Engineering of a Self-Sufficient CYP102 Enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens towards Synthesis of In-Chain Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Li Zong ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhengkang Shao ◽  
Yingwu Wang ◽  
Zheng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturation Mutagenesis ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Biotransformation Process ◽  
Total Product

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated enzymatic hydroxylation of fatty acids present a green alternative to chemical synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), which are high-value oleochemicals with various uses in materials industry and medical field. Although many CYPs require the presence of additional reductase proteins for catalytic activity, self-sufficient CYPs have their reductase partner naturally fused into their catalytic domain, leading to a greatly simplified biotransformation process. A recently discovered self-sufficient CYP, BAMF2522 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7, exhibits novel regioselectivity by hydroxylating in-chain positions of palmitic acid generating ω-1 to ω-7 HFAs, a rare regiodiversity profile among CYPs. Besides, F89I mutant of BAMF2522 expanded hydroxylation up to ω-9 position of palmitic acid. Here, we further characterize this enzyme by determining optimum temperature and pH as well as thermal stability. Moreover, using extensive site-directed and site-saturation mutagenesis, we obtained BAMF2522 variants that demonstrate greatly increased regioselectivity for in-chain positions (ω-4 to ω-9) of various medium to long chain fatty acids. Remarkably, when a six-residue mutant was reacted with palmitic acid, 84% of total product content was the sum of ω-7, ω-8 and ω-9 HFA products, the highest in-chain selectivity observed to date with a self-sufficient CYP. In short, our study demonstrates the potential of a recently identified CYP and its mutants for green and sustainable production of a variety of in-chain hydroxy enriched HFAs.

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