Multiple Roles of Oxygen: The Use of New Techniques in the Study of the Effects of Oxygen on Photosynthesis

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1468-1470

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Training Programs ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

New Techniques ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Business Goals ◽

Cross Training ◽

Employee Absenteeism ◽

Multiple Skills

An employer should keep on implementing potential new techniques to reach the business goals and to make the business run the profitable way. One of the technique that makes the employees to learn multiple skills with in the organisation is either with their own interest or by the training programs implemented by the management. Cross training is termed as preparing employees for multiple roles with in the same domain of their skills. Employee having specialised skill cannot function outside their confined roles. Employees may leave the organisation for different reasons internal issues, separation and emergency situations. If there are functions that are handled by one person with specified skills, flow of operations will get affected. In such situations cross training plays a major role bringing benefits to both for employees and also for employers. Cross training will enable the employer to consolidate the skills and abilities of each employee and plan for skill pairing such that the employee absenteeism, production down time etc can be handled easily. This paper explains the benefits that can be gained by an employer by distributing the questionnaire in a manufacturing industry and analyzing their responses

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New Techniques in Teaching Terrorism

The Oxford Handbook of Terrorism ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732914.013.45 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 529-540

Author(s):

David A. Siegel

Keyword(s):

Active Learning ◽

Teaching Methods ◽

Strategic Behavior ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Traditional Teaching ◽

Costly Signaling ◽

Credible Commitment ◽

New Techniques ◽

Traditional Teaching Methods ◽

Long Form

Active-learning exercises, such as in-class simulations and role play, are increasingly used alongside more traditional teaching methods of discussion and lecture in order to develop deeper understanding of complex topics, particularly those involving strategic behavior. This article describes in-class experiences with several instances of active learning that can be used to teach strategic concepts that arise in the study of terrorism. The first long-form exercise involves a simulated hostage crisis, comprises multiple roles including media, government, and terrorists, and highlights strategic concepts of credible commitment and costly signaling. The second long-form exercise captures the strategic interplay of government and terror group, and highlights agency problems and the difficulty of allocating limited resources. Shorter exercises cover: religion and its connection to the absolute; tactic diffusion, outbidding, and the importance of local support; media sensationalism; and terrorist financing.

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Stellar Evolution

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00022343 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 137-143

Author(s):

M. Schwarzschild

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

Stellar Evolution ◽

Space Craft ◽

New Techniques ◽

Substantial Body ◽

Individual Stars ◽

The Past ◽

Evolution Of Galaxies ◽

History Of ◽

Fast Flow

It is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the past decade in astronomy that the evolution of some major classes of astronomical objects has become accessible to detailed research. The theory of the evolution of individual stars has developed into a substantial body of quantitative investigations. The evolution of galaxies, particularly of our own, has clearly become a subject for serious research. Even the history of the solar system, this close-by intriguing puzzle, may soon make the transition from being a subject of speculation to being a subject of detailed study in view of the fast flow of new data obtained with new techniques, including space-craft.

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Microstructural characterization of CoPtCr/Cr thin film disks by cross-section TEM and elongated probe micro-diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100088129 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 762-763

Author(s):

M.A. Parker ◽

K.E. Johnson ◽

C. Hwang ◽

A. Bermea

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Recording ◽

Electron Probe ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Crystallographic Structure ◽

Recording Media ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

New Techniques ◽

Polished Side

We have reported the dependence of the magnetic and recording properties of CoPtCr recording media on the thickness of the Cr underlayer. It was inferred from XRD data that grain-to-grain epitaxy of the Cr with the CoPtCr was responsible for the interaction observed between these layers. However, no cross-sectional TEM (XTEM) work was performed to confirm this inference. In this paper, we report the application of new techniques for preparing XTEM specimens from actual magnetic recording disks, and for layer-by-layer micro-diffraction with an electron probe elongated parallel to the surface of the deposited structure which elucidate the effect of the crystallographic structure of the Cr on that of the CoPtCr.XTEM specimens were prepared from magnetic recording disks by modifying a technique used to prepare semiconductor specimens. After 3mm disks were prepared per the standard XTEM procedure, these disks were then lapped using a tripod polishing device. A grid with a single 1mmx2mm hole was then glued with M-bond 610 to the polished side of the disk.

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Microchemistry of ZnO Varistors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100133102 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1694-1695

Author(s):

K. K. Soni ◽

J. Hwang ◽

V. P. Dravid ◽

T. O. Mason ◽

R. Levi-Setti

Keyword(s):

Grain Boundaries ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Grain Boundary Engineering ◽

Ion Microprobe ◽

Dopant Distribution ◽

Important Ingredient ◽

Zno Varistor ◽

Zno Varistors ◽

Zno Powder ◽

The University

ZnO varistors are made by mixing semiconducting ZnO powder with powders of other metal oxides e.g. Bi2O3, Sb2O3, CoO, MnO2, NiO, Cr2O3, SiO2 etc., followed by conventional pressing and sintering. The non-linear I-V characteristics of ZnO varistors result from the unique properties that the grain boundaries acquire as a result of dopant distribution. Each dopant plays important and sometimes multiple roles in improving the properties. However, the chemical nature of interfaces in this material is formidable mainly because often trace amounts of dopants are involved. A knowledge of the interface microchemistry is an essential component in the ‘grain boundary engineering’ of materials. The most important ingredient in this varistor is Bi2O3 which envelopes the ZnO grains and imparts high resistance to the grain boundaries. The solubility of Bi in ZnO is very small but has not been experimentally determined as a function of temperature.In this study, the dopant distribution in a commercial ZnO varistor was characterized by a scanning ion microprobe (SIM) developed at The University of Chicago (UC) which offers adequate sensitivity and spatial resolution.

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Computer averaging of lattice images of poly-4-methyl-pentene-1 (P4mp1): Noise created artifacts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126731 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 388-389

Author(s):

P. Pradère ◽

J.F. Revol ◽

R. St. John Manley

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Polymer Concentration ◽

Processing System ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dilute Solution ◽

New Techniques ◽

Dose Unit ◽

Lattice Images ◽

Dose Imaging ◽

Imaging Conditions

Although radiation damage is the limiting factor in HREM of polymers, new techniques based on low dose imaging at low magnification have permitted lattice images to be obtained from very radiation sensitive polymers such as polyethylene (PE). This paper describes the computer averaging of P4MP1 lattice images. P4MP1 is even more sensitive than PE (total end point dose of 27 C m-2 as compared to 100 C m-2 for PE at 120 kV). It does, however, have the advantage of forming flat crystals from dilute solution and no change in d-spacings is observed during irradiation.Crystals of P4MP1 were grown at 60°C in xylene (polymer concentration 0.05%). Electron microscopy was performed with a Philips EM 400 T microscope equipped with a Low Dose Unit and operated at 120 kV. Imaging conditions were the same as already described elsewhere. Enlarged micrographs were digitized and processed with the Spider image processing system.

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Serial thin sectioning for pre- and post-embedding immunohistochemistry: Achieving consistent and reliable results for a 3-D reconstruction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014748x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

Antonia M. Milroy

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Serial Sectioning ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

High Quality ◽

New Techniques ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Multiple User ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Subcellular Level

In recent years many new techniques and instruments for 3-Dimensional visualization of electron microscopic images have become available. Higher accelerating voltage through thicker sections, photographed at a tilt for stereo viewing, or the use of confocal microscopy, help to analyze biological material without the necessity of serial sectioning. However, when determining the presence of neurotransmitter receptors or biochemical substances present within the nervous system, the need for good serial sectioning (Fig. 1+2) remains. The advent of computer assisted reconstruction and the possibility of feeding information from the specimen viewing chamber directly into a computer via a camera mounted on the electron microscope column, facilitates serial analysis. Detailed information observed at the subcellular level is more precise and extensive and the complexities of interactions within the nervous system can be further elucidated.We emphasize that serial ultra thin sectioning can be performed routinely and consistently in multiple user electron microscopy laboratories. Initial tissue fixation and embedding must be of high quality.

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