Race/Ethnicity, Religiosity and Differences and Similarities in American Adolescents’ Substance Use

Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Results illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.

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Military Cohorts, Substance Use, and Male-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801219893475 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107780121989347

Author(s):

Roberto Cancio

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Substance Use ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Military Families ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Adult Health ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

The Impact ◽

Racial Ethnic

This study considers variations of intimate partner violence (IPV) from the point of the perpetrator to test the impact of demographic factors on the type of IPV most prevalent among pre-9/11 and post-9/11 military families from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994–2008): Waves I and IV in-home interviews ( N = 499). Study findings indicate that the perpetration of physical and sexual IPV depends on the context of veteran cohort and race/ethnicity. Models for substance use and IPV patterns were not similar across military cohorts and/or racial/ethnic groups.

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Stealthing Perpetration and Victimization: Prevalence and Correlates Among Emerging Adults

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519888519 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051988851

Author(s):

Erin E. Bonar ◽

Quyen M. Ngo ◽

Meredith L. Philyaw-Kotov ◽

Maureen A. Walton ◽

Yasamin Kusunoki

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

White Race ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Hispanic White

“Stealthing” is a form of sexual violence wherein a sexual partner purposefully removes a condom during penetration without the receptive partner’s knowledge. Given the role of substance use in sexual violence broadly, we examined demographic and substance use correlates of stealthing perpetration (SP) and victimization (SV) among emerging adults. Participants comprised 2,550 18- to 25-year-olds ( M age = 20.8, SD = 2.3), recruited via social media (48% female; 53.9% non-Hispanic White; 46.0% had another racial/ethnic identity; 67.4% heterosexual; 85.3% had some college education). Unadjusted analyses ( t tests, χ2 analysis) and adjusted logistic regression analyses examined associations between demographics (age, education, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation) and substance use (binge drinking, marijuana use, other illegal drug use, and prescription drug misuse) with male SP and male and female SV. Five percent of males and 18.9% of females reported SV; 6.1% of males reported SP. In adjusted analyses, significant correlates of SP were: non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39), binge drinking (OR = 1.39), cannabis use (OR = 1.37), and other drug use (OR = 1.43). Significant correlates of male SV were: non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (OR = 0.28), non-heterosexual orientation (OR = 0.24), binge drinking (OR = 1.49), and other illegal drug use (OR = 1.79). Significant correlates of female SV were: older age (OR = 1.13), non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (OR = 0.57), binge drinking (OR = 1.28), cannabis use (OR = 1.29), and other drug use (OR = 1.22). Consistent with literature linking alcohol to sexual violence, binge drinking correlated with both SV and SP, with other substance use also playing a role. Data are needed to explore these relationships using longitudinal, event-level assessments to investigate the influence of acute intoxication. Interventions to reduce sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, and sexual assault should include content on stealthing and substance use.

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S241. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY RISK OF DISENGAGEMENT FROM EARLY PSYCHOSIS INTERVENTION SERVICES

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S130-S131

Author(s):

Nicole Kozloff ◽

Aristotle Voineskos ◽

George Foussias ◽

Alexia Polillo ◽

Sean Kidd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Substance Use ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Young People ◽

Family Involvement ◽

The Body ◽

Early Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background Despite the body of evidence supporting early psychosis intervention (EPI) programs for young people with psychotic disorders, approximately 30% of individuals with first-episode psychosis disengage from care. To date, two factors, lack of family involvement and presence of a substance use disorder, have emerged as robust predictors of EPI disengagement. Several factors associated with service disengagement in mental health care more broadly have not been well-studied in EPI; some of these, such as homelessness and ethnicity, may be of particular importance to urban, multicultural populations, and ethnicity in particular has been shown to affect pathways into EPI services. Early missed appointments may signal risk for subsequent service disengagement. We sought to identify early predictors of disengagement risk in an urban EPI program. Methods We conducted a prospective chart review of consecutive patients accepted for services in a large, urban EPI program in Toronto, Canada in a 3-month period from July 4-October 3, 2018. Patients were observed in their first 3 months of treatment. The primary outcome of interest was risk of disengagement, defined as having missed at least 1 appointment without cancellation. Extracted data included a variety of demographic and clinical information. The principal investigator trained 2 data abstractors on the first 50 charts; subsequent agreement on the next 5 charts was 88%. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized that risk of disengagement would be increased in individuals with problem substance use, experiences of homelessness, and nonwhite race/ethnicity and decreased in individuals with family involvement in their care. We used logistic regression to examine the odds of disengagement associated with univariate predictors individually, and then together in a multivariate model. Results Seventy-three patients were consecutively admitted to EPI services in the 3-month period. Of these individuals, 59% (N=43) were identified as being at risk of disengagement based on having missed at least 1 appointment without cancellation. In the full sample, 71% (N=52) identified as nonwhite, 23% (N=17) had a documented experience of homelessness, 52% (N=38) had problem substance use, and 73% (N=53) had family involved in their care. In univariate logistic regression, only problem substance use was associated with risk of disengagement (OR=2.91, 95% CI 1.11–7.66); no significant associations were identified with race/ethnicity, experience of homelessness, or family involvement. In multivariate logistic regression, once we controlled for these other factors, the association between risk of disengagement and problem substance use was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (OR=2.15, 95% CI 0.77–5.97). Discussion In this small study of early disengagement in an urban EPI program, only problem substance use was associated with increased odds of missing an appointment, but not when we controlled for other factors thought to be associated with disengagement. Larger studies may be required to identify factors with small but important effects. These factors may be used to identify young people at risk of disengagement from EPI services early in care in order to target them for increased engagement efforts.

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The Most Critical Unresolved Issues Associated with Race, Ethnicity, Culture, and Substance Use

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.3109/10826084.2011.638017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 390-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jennifer B. Unger

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Race Ethnicity

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Transactional Sex With Regular and Casual Partners Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Detroit Metro Area

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988315609110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 498-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

José A. Bauermeister ◽

Lisa Eaton ◽

Steven Meanley ◽

Emily S. Pingel ◽

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Employment Status ◽

Young Men ◽

The Body ◽

Transactional Sex ◽

Relationship Status ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Metro Area ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Sex With Men

Transactional sex refers to the commodification of the body in exchange for shelter, food, and other goods and needs. Transactional sex has been associated with negative health outcomes including HIV infection, psychological distress, and substance use and abuse. Compared with the body of research examining transactional sex among women, less is known about the prevalence and correlates of transactional sex among men. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of young men who have sex with men (ages 18-29) living in the Detroit Metro Area ( N = 357; 9% HIV infected; 49% Black, 26% White, 16% Latino, 9% Other race), multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association between transactional sex with regular and casual partners and key psychosocial factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, education, poverty, relationship status, HIV status, prior sexually transmitted infections [STIs], mental health, substance use, and residential instability) previously identified in the transactional sex literature. Forty-four percent of the current sample reported engaging in transactional sex. Transactional sex was associated with age, employment status, relationship status, and anxiety symptoms. When stratified, transactional sex with a regular partner was associated with age, educational attainment, employment status, relationship status, anxiety, and alcohol use. Transactional sex with a casual partner was associated with homelessness, race/ethnicity, employment status, and hard drug use. The implications of these findings for HIV/STI prevention are discussed, including the notion that efforts to address HIV/STIs among young men who have sex with men may require interventions to consider experiences of transactional sex and the psychosocial contexts that may increase its likelihood.

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