scholarly journals Human Rights Localisation and Individual Agency: From ‘Hobby of the Few’ to the Few Behind the Hobby

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-211
Author(s):  
Tihomir Sabchev ◽  
Sara Miellet ◽  
Elif Durmuş
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractHuman rights have been facing criticism on many fronts, including the challenges of the “enforcement gap” and the “citizenship gap”, laying bare the shortcomings with regard to the implementation of human rights law as well as regarding its protection of highly vulnerable groups such as refugees. Research on the effectiveness of human rights, the “localisation” of human rights through invocations and practices on the ground, the increased engagement of local authorities with human rights, are all responses to such challenges to some degree. Based on empirical research conducted within municipalities in four countries, this chapter focuses on a missing piece of the puzzle in terms of conceptual and empirical research: the role of “individual agency”. We adopt a socio-legal perspective on human rights and demonstrate that individual agency can make an important contribution to the effective implementation of human rights in the field of migration governance. Behind the black box of the state and local authorities, we find individuals who use human rights—as law, practice and discourse—in local policymaking, in circumstances where invoking human rights is not self-explanatory. Finally, we put forward the notion that reasons such as individual background, motivations, and interactions between individuals influence municipal officials’ engagement with human rights, and we reflect on the conceptual and practical implications that result from this.

The role of human rights organizations in empowering Iraqi women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 514-543
Author(s):  
HIBA KAREEM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Political Dimensions

The issue of empowering women has been and still is the preoccupation of various humanitarian organizations, especially human rights organizations. Regarding the issue of human rights in Iraq, it is extremely difficult, because of the exceptional circumstances ordered by Iraq, which made it an arena for human rights violations. Vulnerable groups, they are more affected by the surrounding circumstances, such as violence, displacement, terrorism, displacement, widowhood, and others ... especially with regard to measures to empower women, because what women suffer in our society is a heap of discriminatory traditional culture against them and their lack of awareness of themselves and Their legitimate rights, in addition to weak government policies, and the lack of resources and opportunities, and herein lies the problem. The importance of the research stems from the importance of the role of women in society and the social, economic, health and political dimensions that this role represents, and the extent of its impact on the development process in Iraq. As for its objectives, it is to stand on the role of human rights organizations in empowering women in all social, economic, political and health fields, from which we have deduced most of them marginalization and discrimination on the basis of gender, and then we proposed some enabling measures, hoping through them to integrate women in all levels of development . Key words : role, organizations, human rights, empowerment, women .

Strategy for solving social problems as a tool for managing the development of the social assistance system in a county. Theoretical and methodological aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Marek Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The obligation to develop a county (powiat) strategy for solving social problems results from the provisions of the Act of March 12, 2004 on social assistance. This article presents the role of this strategy in the process of reducing social problems: unemployment, poverty, homelessness, addictions, problems of the elderly and disabled, orphans, etc. It indicates the role of social participation in the process of developing the strategy and implementing its objectives. The cooperation of local authorities, social assistance units, NGOs and many other institutions remains a basic condition for the effective implementation of the strategy.

The role of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in promoting respect for human rights

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (293) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Peter Nobel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
The World ◽  
Humanitarian Organization ◽  
Do So

As violations of human rights are a growing concern all over the world, and as the perpetrators are not only governments and their agents but all sorts of parties on many levels, it is essential for a major humanitarian organization like the Red Cross and Red Crescent to focus its efforts on counteracting this evil. If it fails to do so it might dangerously weaken its profile and, what is much worse, it will be deserting many of the most vulnerable groups and communities.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sliusar ◽  
◽  
Ludmila Levaieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Radical Transformation ◽  
Practical Implications

In the context of the reform of decentralization in Ukraine, which envisages a set of changes, the main purpose of which is the transfer of significant powers and budgets from State bodies to local self-government bodies, the issue of providing high-quality public services to local self-government bodies is extremely important. To do this, you need to first of all not only create the constitutional and legal foundations for improving the quality of public services provided by local authorities, but also expand their number. Methodology. During the writing of the paper, the following research methods were used: the search for available methodological and scientific literature, comparison, clarification of causal relationships, systematization, analysis of documentation and results of researchers' work on the problem of the conducted research and expert evaluation. Results. These processes require not only the renewal or improvement of the elements of the management system that do not function properly, but also a radical transformation of the mechanisms of the state, in particular legal and organizational and functional, ensuring the processes of regulation of decentralization, which is an important factor in achieving the effectiveness of public administration. Practical implications. This issue becomes even more relevant not only from the rosbalanciousness of the system of regulation of procedural elements in the relations of state and local authorities with citizens, but also because of the lack of a slender, clear and understood ideology of such relations, built on the principles of equality, openness and the rule of law. The solution to this problem is especially important in the context of the formation of civil society – it is the quality of administrative services and the qualification of their provision that is evidence of the attitude of the entire mechanism of state power to the person, the degree of respect for his rights and freedoms. Value/originality. The paper proposes to adopt a code "On public services" in order to improve public relations in the provision of public services by subjects of public administration, analyzed legal and regulatory acts on the basis of which local authorities provide public services, as well as legislative acts that define standards for the provision of public services.

8. Adoption

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-165
Author(s):  
Susan Heenan ◽  
Anna Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Birth Parents ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Adoption Agency ◽  
Different Types

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on adoption as a means to terminate the legal relationship between a child and their birth parents. It considers the human rights aspects of adoption and different types of adoption and discusses adoption proceedings in England and Wales under the Adoption and Children Act 2002. The chapter then explains the role of local authorities and adoption agencies under section 2 of the Adoption and Children Act 2002, and placement for adoption, parental responsibility, and parental consent. It also highlights the welfare of children as considered by an adoption agency or a court when making a decision affecting the child. Finally, the chapter examines alternative orders: child arrangements order, parental responsibility, special guardianship order, and no order. This edition now includes reference to the Special Guardianship (Amendment) Regulations 2016.

scholarly journals The Shifting Status of Cities in International Law? A Review, Several Questions and a Straight Answer

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Multilateral Negotiations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Transnational City

Witnessing the sometimes confusing and often nebulous debate on the position of cities in international law, one could wonder what cities are and what they do in contemporary international law. One could also wonder whether allowing cities to actively participate in the formation and implementation of international norms, and to contribute to international multilateral negotiations on issues of global concern such as sustainable development, climate change or human rights, does really imply a change in their status in international law. In this contribution, the reasons why cities are not subjects of international law, or better, why cities and local authorities still matter in international law because they are part of a State, are systematically assessed. Specific attention is paid to the status and role of transnational city networks. Before concluding, this article makes some final comments on the prospects for cities and transnational city networks in international law.

scholarly journals The role of knowledge in critical thinking

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Jelena Pesic
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Practical Arguments

The paper discusses the role of knowledge in critical thinking, i.e. a controversial issue of whether critical thinking is general or subject-dependant ability. Analyzed are basic assumptions of the authors who maintain the view of the generality of critical thinking, and those who defend the view that critical thinking is subject dependant, as well as their theoretical and practical arguments in favor of their views. The problem of generality of critical thinking is analyzed on three levels: conceptual (whether it is conceptually possible to speak about critical thinking outside a particular subject context); epistemological (whether the epistemological nature of the ability and skill of critical thinking differs in different domains of human knowledge) and practical (practical implications related to developing the most adequate approach to enhance critical thinking). The outcomes of the analysis suggest that critical thinking has both a general and a subject-dependant components, whose contents require further elaboration based on theoretical and empirical research. Educational implications of the analysis indicate that it is necessary to carefully devise the connection between the desired skills and teaching contents in the curricula which aim at enhancing critical thinking. .

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ADVERTISING IN TOURISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Maria Jeznach ◽  
Beata Sawicka ◽  
Marta Szymańczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Duczmańska
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Group Interview ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The main objective of the study was to determine the role of social advertising in tourism on the example of “Bloody souvenir” advertising. Method. The research method used for the purpose of this work was focused group interview (FGI). Findings. As a result of the discussion, the respondents considered this ad unsuccessful. Although it promotes patterns of behaviour while counteracting negative behaviours and phenomena in tourism, it is too brutal. While discussing the issue, it was recognised that the role of this social advertising in tourism is related to its educational and informational function, which is a well-fulfilled social role. Research and conclusions limitations. Empirical research concerns only the views of the studied group. They should not be generalised to the population in Poland. Practical implications. The study can be used for broader qualitative research and is a tool for formulating detailed research areas. Originality. Focused group interview was carried out based on the prepared original scenario. Type of paper. An article presenting the results of empirical research.

Africa's National Human Rights Institutions and the Responsibility to Protect

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-478
Author(s):  
Webster Zambara
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
National Human ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
International Human ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractThe essay argues that one of the greatest shifts in the international humanitarian order heralded by the end of the Cold War has been the concept of holding state sovereignty accountable to an international human rights standard. It argues that while the concept of R2P has generally focused on humanitarian intervention at a macro level, the period since the 1990s has also witnessed an increase of micro-level institutions, in the form of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) that can advance R2P, including 31 such institutions in Africa. NHRIs can potentially bolster R2P and foster peace in countries in which they operate. The general popularity of R2P as an international standard is contrasted with the great suspicion with which it is regarded by a number of governments—particularly in Africa, where sovereignty is guarded with passion as a result of the anticolonial struggles that gave birth to national independence on the continent. The author further argues that NHRIs—when properly institutionalised and functioning optimally—can play an important role in protecting the rights of vulnerable groups, and have the potential to help countries attain international human rights norms and standards without unduly threatening their sovereign independence. The essay examines the role of NHRIs in the four cases of Sierra Leone, Uganda, Tanzania and South Africa, and assesses the establishment and operation of African NHRIs using measures formulated by the internationally agreed Paris Principles of 1993.

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