Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies for Different Types of Depression

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
Lucia Petrelli ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
Shed Light

The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways. This review intends to discuss the various components of the fascia and their specific roles; this will be carried out in the effort to shed light on the mechanisms by which they affect the entire network and all body systems. A clear understanding of fascial anatomy from a microscopic viewpoint can further elucidate its physiological and pathological characteristics and facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Lymphangiogenesis and Lesion Heterogeneity in Interstitial Lung Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S33856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Capillary Angiogenesis ◽  
Antigen Presenting

The lymphatic system has several physiological roles, including fluid homeostasis and the activation of adaptive immunity by fluid drainage and cell transport. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in adult tissues during various pathologic conditions. In addition, lymphangiogenesis is closely linked to capillary angiogenesis, and the balanced interrelationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis is essential for maintaining homeostasis in tissues. Recently, an increasing body of information regarding the biology of lymphatic endothelial cells has allowed us to immunohistochemically characterize lymphangiogenesis in several lung diseases. Particular interest has been given to the interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are characterized by heterogeneity in pathologic changes and lesions, as typified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia. In IIPs, lymphangiogenesis is likely to have different types of localized functions within each disorder, corresponding to the heterogeneity of lesions in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. These functions include inhibitory absorption of interstitial fluid and small molecules and maturation of fibrosis by excessive interstitial fluid drainage, caused by an unbalanced relationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and induction of fibrogenesis via CCL21 and CCR7 signals. Better understanding for regional functions of lymphangiogenesis might provide new treatment strategies tailored to lesion heterogeneity in these complicated diseases.

Abstract 2870: In Women without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease, Endothelial-Dependent and Non-Endothelial Dependent Coronary Reactivity Dysfunction are Associated with Different Types of Adverse Outcomes. The NHLBI Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE).

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Midwall ◽  
R. David Anderson ◽  
Delia Johnson ◽  
Eileen Handberg ◽  
Rhonda Cooper-Dehoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Major Adverse Events

Backround: Altered coronary reactivity frequently occurs in women with chest discomfort both with and without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Among those with obstructive CAD, the endothelial-dependent and non-endothelial dependent components of this altered reactivity have been associated with adverse outcomes. The clinical events among those with altered coronary reactivity but without obstructive CAD are not well defined. Methods: We evaluated 169 women with suspected myocardial ischemia who had no obstructive CAD at coronary angiography. Coronary reactivity was assessed by measuring flow reserve (CFR) with adenosine (endothelial-dependent) and change in vessel diameter (DIAM) following acetylcholine (non-endothelial dependent). Women were then followed for major adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) as well as hospitalization for recurrent angina by annual telephone contact over a median of 6.0 years. Results: Mean age was 54 ± 10 years, 15% were non-white, 37% had abnormal CFR (<2.32), and 47% had abnormal DIAM (no change or constriction). Of the women receiving both coronary reactivity tests, results were concordant in only 52%. Major events occurred in 16% (28/169) of which 5% (8/169) died. An additional 24% (41/169) were hospitalized for worsening angina. Major adverse events were predicted by abnormal CFR (27% vs 10%, p = 0.006) but not abnormal DIAM, while abnormal DIAM, but not CFR, predicted hospitalization for angina. Conclusion: Endothelial-dependent and non-dependent coronary dysfunction coexist in approximately one-half of women tested without angiographic evidence of CAD and appear to predict different types of adverse outcomes during follow-up. These results should foster developement of new diagnostic and treatment strategies targeting both endothelial and non-endothelial (e.g. vascular smooth muscle) dependent coronary dysfunction in women.

Traumatic brain injury in dogs and cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Elias ◽  
Ana-Maria Rotariu ◽  
Tobias Grave
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Primary Injury

Traumatic brain injury is common in companion animals and can occur from many different types of trauma such as road traffic accidents or bites. Following the primary injury, which is beyond control of the clinician, secondary injury occurs minutes to days following the trauma. The secondary injury will lead to neuronal death, and is the focus of treatment strategies for the emergency veterinary surgeon. Treatment of traumatic brain injury includes nursing strategies, intravenous fluid therapy, hyperosmolar therapy and diuretics, pain management, maintenance of oxygenation and ventilation, temperature regulation, anticonvulsant therapy and glycaemic control. All of these are discussed in this clinical review.

scholarly journals “Lessons from Rare Forms of Osteoarthritis”

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca F. Shepherd ◽  
Jemma G. Kerns ◽  
Lakshminarayan R. Ranganath ◽  
James A. Gallagher ◽  
Adam M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Coxa Vara ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mendelian Disorders ◽  
Extreme Phenotypes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Developed World

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent conditions in the world, particularly in the developed world with a significant increase in cases and their predicted impact as we move through the twenty-first century and this will be exacerbated by the covid pandemic. The degeneration of cartilage and bone as part of this condition is becoming better understood but there are still significant challenges in painting a complete picture to recognise all aspects of the condition and what treatment(s) are most appropriate in individual causes. OA encompasses many different types and this causes some of the challenges in fully understanding the condition. There have been examples through history where much has been learnt about common disease(s) from the study of rare or extreme phenotypes, particularly where Mendelian disorders are involved. The often early onset of symptoms combined with the rapid and aggressive pathogenesis of these diseases and their predictable outcomes give an often-under-explored resource. It is these “rarer forms of disease” that William Harvey referred to that offer novel insights into more common conditions through their more extreme presentations. In the case of OA, GWAS analyses demonstrate the multiple genes that are implicated in OA in the general population. In some of these rarer forms, single defective genes are responsible. The extreme phenotypes seen in conditions such as Camptodactyly Arthropathy-Coxa Vara-pericarditis Syndrome, Chondrodysplasias and Alkaptonuria all present potential opportunities for greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, novel therapeutic interventions and diagnostic imaging. This review examines some of the rarer presenting forms of OA and linked conditions, some of the novel discoveries made whilst studying them, and findings on imaging and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices in Viral Hepatitis Management and its Challenges: A Survey Among Ayurveda Physicians of Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Akhila R Kurup ◽  
Indulekha
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Ayurveda physicians provide treatment for viral hepatitis patients in Kerala. A survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices in viral hepatitis management among Ayurveda physicians (APs) of Kerala. Materials & Methods: An in depth telephonic interview and a questionnaire were administered among APs in Kerala for assessing knowledge about viral hepatitis and its treatment. Results: All the 150 participants were aware about different types of viral hepatitis. Around 90% Aps know about complications of viral hepatitis and mode of transmission.  Only 20% screen their patients before performing Panchakarma therapy and para-surgical procedures in their clinic. All physicians depends liver function test for diagnosing and assessing different types of Hepatitis; only  6.6% physicians additionally prescribe Ultrasonogram of abdomen and viral load. Majority physicians reported chronicity for HBV and HCV infections and good outcome/ curable for hepatitis A. Only a few physicians were documenting the cases in their clinics. The lack of structured case proforma for documentation and guidelines for management, research, patient education and time constraints was reported as challenges in the treatment of viral hepatitis by the majority of AP in the current survey.  Conclusion: The majority of doctors had a good knowledge of the different types of viral hepatitis and they depended on laboratory examinations for diagnosis and evaluation. The treatment strategies were based on the treatment principles of Kamala and Panduroga in Ayurveda.

Concomitant intraventricular colloid cyst and low-grade astrocytoma of the brainstem in a 16-year-old boy

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Amirjamshidi ◽  
Rouzbeh Shams Amiri ◽  
Maysam Alimohamadi ◽  
Kazem Abbassioun
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Colloid Cyst ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Fibrillary Astrocytoma ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Multiple primary brain tumors are commonly observed in patients with a history of brain radiation therapy or neurofibromatosis. The concomitant presence of 2 different types of brain tumors in a single location or chamber is a very rare clinical presentation in the absence of such a predisposing factor. The authors report on the case of a 16-year-old boy presenting with different types of brain tumors in 2 ventricular chambers concomitantly. This boy had a medium-sized colloid cyst of the third ventricle and a large fibrillary astrocytoma fungating from the brainstem into the floor of the fourth ventricle. The lesions were successfully excised in 2 separate surgeries. Radiotherapy was used as the adjuvant mode of therapy. There has been no sign of tumor recurrence after 16 months of follow-up. Clinical awareness and recognition of such a combination of tumors is important because they will dictate special treatment strategies depending on the individual biological aggressiveness of each tumor.

Dispersants and Demulsifirs: Studies in the Laboratory, Harbor, and Polludrome

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Julien Guyomarch ◽  
Olivier Kerfourn ◽  
François-X Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Water ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Persistent Pollutant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Three Stages

ABSTRACT When spilled at sea, many oils are known to form emulsions. These emulsions are often of high-water content and viscosity, poorly dispersible, hard to recover and pump, and likely to remain as a persistent pollutant that may come ashore. To avoid these difficulties, demulsifiers have been used, either to inhibit emulsion formation or to break emulsions that have already been created. CEDRE (Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Experimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux) has studied the efficiency of several demulsifiers on the rate of emulsion formation and on the dispersability of emulsified oils of different types. This study was conducted in three stages. First, a study of the rate and extent of emulsification was conducted in the laboratory. Second, the effect of demulsifiers was studied in floating mesocosms placed in a harbor. The demulsifiers did not succeed in totally preventing emulsion formation, but they inhibited the degree of emulsification of the oils for some time. Third, the dispersability of weathered oils was studied in laboratory using the IFP and WSL test methods and then in the Polludrome, where the effects of different treatment strategies combining demulsifiers and dispersants applications were assessed.

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