PWM Controlled Solenoid Valves for Automatic Gear Change in Four-Wheelers

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
M. R. Anusha ◽  
M. G. Veena
Keyword(s):  
Gear Change

scholarly journals Operation of the alula as an indicator of gear change in hoverflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
pp. 1194-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Walker ◽  
Adrian L. R. Thomas ◽  
Graham K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Wing Kinematics ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gear Change

The alula is a hinged flap found at the base of the wings of most brachyceran Diptera. The alula accounts for up to 10 per cent of the total wing area in hoverflies (Syrphidae), and its hinged arrangement allows the wings to be swept back over the thorax and abdomen at rest. The alula is actuated via the third axillary sclerite, which is a component of the wing hinge that is involved in wing retraction and control. The third axillary sclerite has also been implicated in the gear change mechanism of flies. This mechanism allows rapid switching between different modes of wing kinematics, by imposing or removing contact with a mechanical stop limiting movement of the wing during the lower half of the downstroke. The alula operates in two distinct states during flight—flipped or flat—and we hypothesize that its state indicates switching between different flight modes. We used high-speed digital video of free-flying hoverflies ( Eristalis tenax and Eristalis pertinax ) to investigate whether flipping of the alula was associated with changes in wing and body kinematics. We found that alula state was associated with different distributions of multiple wing kinematic parameters, including stroke amplitude, stroke deviation angle, downstroke angle of incidence and timing of supination. Changes in all of these parameters have previously been linked to gear change in flies. Symmetric flipping of the alulae was associated with changes in the symmetric linear acceleration of the body, while asymmetric flipping of the alulae was associated with asymmetric angular acceleration of the body. We conclude that the wings produce less aerodynamic force when the alula is flipped, largely as a result of the accompanying changes in wing kinematics. The alula changes state at mid-downstroke, which is the point at which the gear change mechanism is known to come into effect. This transition is accompanied by changes in the other wing kinematic parameters. We therefore find that the state of the alula is linked to the same parameters as are affected by the gear change mechanism. We conclude that the state of the alula does indeed indicate the operation of different flight modes in Eristalis , and infer that a likely mechanism for these changes in flight mode is the gear change mechanism.

scholarly journals Experimental Research of Transmissions on Electric Vehicles’ Energy Consumption

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polychronis Spanoudakis ◽  
Nikolaos Tsourveloudis ◽  
Lefteris Doitsidis ◽  
Emmanuel Karapidakis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Gear Change

The growth of electric vehicles share of total passenger-vehicle sales is evident and is expected to be a very big market segment by 2030. Range of travel and pricing are the most influencing factors that affect their gain in market share. As so, powertrain development is a key technology factor researched by the automotive industry. To explore, among others, how the energy consumption of zero emission vehicles is affected by different transmissions, we developed, built and installed a variety of them on a custom hydrogen fuel cell powered urban vehicle. In this work we present a comparison of the effect, on the energy consumption of the proposed testbed, of a prototype custom build 2-speed gearbox and a single stage transmission. Results presented show a reduction of the overall energy consumption with the use of the 2-speed gearbox, compared to single stage, as well as the effect of gear change speed, related to speed, in energy consumption. Finally, a correlation of experimental results using a custom build CVT is conducted compared to single stage transmission. A comparison to simulation results found in literature is performed for all the transmissions tested on road.

Methods and characteristics of automatic gear change control of electric vehicle

1979 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Ohmae ◽  
Katsuzi Marumoto ◽  
Hirohisa Yamamura ◽  
Minoru Mitani ◽  
Shigeharu Masunaga
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Gear Change

Paper 6. Semi-Automatic Transmissions Incorporating Hydrokinetic Torque Converters

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (9) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
R. Filderman
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Gear Change ◽  
Torque Converters

This paper describes the well-known Ferodo semi-automatic transmission system in which the clutch operation is controlled automatically by the operation of the gear-change lever.

Government and Mobile

2016 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Wendy Li
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Services ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gear Change ◽  
Technological Developments

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of what has been examined in the past and what needs to be explored in the future concerning mobile government (m-government). As an emerging branch of mobile services, m-government intends to help governments to better serve for the public, the business and non-government organizations with the assistance of mobile technologies. Although m-government originated from electronic government (e-government), it is not just a simple extension in respect to technological developments but a transformation from e-government to m-government. What matters most and is worthy of being further enhanced in this revolutionary process is the improvement of government's mobility instead of up-to-date technologies. That is to say, the shift from e-government to m-government is a game change instead of a gear change.

Modal Analysis and Parameters Research of Internal Helical Gears Based on AWE

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 904-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Gong ◽  
Xue Yao Wang ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Kang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Gear Change

The paper conducted a modal analysis of an internal helical gear based on AWE, and obtained its first 6 order natural frequency. Then the paper analyzed the influence of its parameters on the vibration characteristics of the internal helical gear, found that if the helix angle, the normal module, the number of teeth of the internal helical gear change, its vibration characteristics will change, but the change of the pressure angle doesn’t influence its vibration characteristics.

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