Nitrogen Fixation of Legumes Under the Family Fabaceae: Adverse Effect of Abiotic Stresses and Mitigation Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-111
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
M Sohidul Islam ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Disna Ratnasekera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Drought and salinity stresses in barley: Consequences and mitigation strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Md. Shohidul Islam ◽  
Celaleddin Barutcular ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Barley Plant

Recent trends show reductions in crop productivity worldwide due to severe climatic change. Different abiotic stresses significantly affect the growth and development of plants, leading to decreased crop yields. Salinity and drought stresses are the most common abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semi–arid regions, and are major constraints for barley production. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information related to barley plant responses and adaptations to drought and salinity stresses, including physiological and agronomic, in order to alleviate the adverse effect of stresses in barley. These stresses reduce assimilation rates, as they decrease stomatal conductance, disrupt photosynthetic pigments, reduce gas exchange, enhance production of reactive oxygen species, and lead to decreased plant growth and productivity. This review focuses on the strategies plants use to respond and adapt to drought and salinity stress. Plants utilize a range of physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as adaptation strategies, through which the adverse effects can be mitigated. These include soil management practices, crop establishment, as well as foliar application of anti-oxidants and growth regulators that maintain an appropriate level of water in the leaves to facilitate adjustment of osmotic and stomatal performance. The present review highlighted the adverse effect of drought and salinity stresses barley and their mitigation strategies for sustainable barley production under changing climate. They review also underscored that exogenous application of different antioxidants could play a significant role in the alleviation of salinity and drought stress in plant systems.

scholarly journals Strategi Adaptasi Nelayan di Pulau-Pulau Kecil terhadap Dampak Perubahan Iklim (Kasus: Desa Pulau Panjang, Kecamatan Subi, Kabupaten Natuna, Kepulauan Riau)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Wibowo ◽  
Arif Satria
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

This study aime to analyzethe effect ofclimate change onsocio-economic conditionsof fisher, as well as to identifyadaptation and mitigation strategies related to climate change. The method inthis study usingquantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed thattheeffectof climate changeonsocio-economic aspects offishing. Influenceonsocio-economic aspects ofthesearenotnecessarilythe calendarseason, the loss ofsome of the animalsthat becamea markerdeterminationseason, andincreased intensity of stormsat seawhichinterfere withthe activityof fisher catching. Therefore, the right strategy is needed to transform fisher’s adaptation on adjusting with climate change. The types of adaptational strategy are divided into: the diversification of economic activities; the investment on fishing technology; maintaining good relationship with other fishers; finding new catchment areas; and utilizing social relationship and mobilizing members of the family.<br />Keywords: adaptationstrategy, climate change,fisher, small islands

Adverse Effect of Drought on Quality of Major Cereal Crops: Implications and Their Possible Mitigation Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 635-658
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Cereal Crops

scholarly journals Unique genome evolution in an intracellular N2-fixing symbiont of a rhopalodiacean diatom

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Nakayama ◽  
Yuji Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Comparative Genome Analysis ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spheroid Body

Cyanobacteria, the major photosynthetic prokaryotic lineage, are also known as a major nitrogen fixer in nature. N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacteria are frequently found in symbioses with various types of eukaryotes and supply fixed nitrogen compounds to their eukaryotic hosts, which congenitally lack N<sub>2</sub>-fixing abilities. Diatom species belonging to the family Rhopalodiaceae also possess cyanobacterial symbionts called spheroid bodies. Unlike other cyanobacterial N<sub>2</sub>-fixing symbionts, the spheroid bodies reside in the cytoplasm of the diatoms and are inseparable from their hosts. Recently, the first spheroid body genome from a rhopalodiacean diatom has been completely sequenced. Overall features of the genome sequence showed significant reductive genome evolution resulting in a diminution of metabolic capacity. Notably, despite its cyanobacterial origin, the spheroid body was shown to be truly incapable of photosynthesis implying that the symbiont energetically depends on the host diatom. The comparative genome analysis between the spheroid body and another N<sub>2</sub>-fixing symbiotic cyanobacterial group corresponding to the UCYN-A phylotypes – both were derived from cyanobacteria closely related to genus <em>Cyanothece</em> – revealed that the two symbionts are on similar, but explicitly distinct tracks of reductive evolution. Intimate symbiotic relationships linked by nitrogen fixation as seen in rhopalodiacean diatoms may help us better understand the evolution and mechanisms of bacterium-eukaryote endosymbioses.

scholarly journals Pregnancy prevention programs for medications used in dermatology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Kutty Simin ◽  
Minu Nagesh
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fetal Exposure ◽  
The Family ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food ◽  
Comprehensive Programs

Certain drugs used in dermatology carry a high risk of teratogenicity after maternal as well as paternal exposure. The birth of an offspring with impairments or disabilities is an emotionally distressing situation for parents, often resulting in lifelong liability for the family as well as the society. An obligation to prevent such pregnancies exposed to teratogenic agents has resulted in the development of pregnancy prevention programs. United States Food and Drug Administration in cooperation with drug manufacturers has developed a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies for a biologic or a drug to ensure that its benefit outweighs the risk. These complex but comprehensive programs were established to ensure that fetal exposure to teratogenic agents does not occur by controlling their prescription and usage. This article will review the organization, application and ethical issues raised by the mandatory standardized drug distribution programs for drugs used in dermatology, namely, thalidomide, isotretinoin, and acitretin.

scholarly journals Increase in wheat production through management of abiotic stresses : A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1070-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Kajla ◽  
Vinaya Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jaswant Khokhar ◽  
Samar Singh ◽  
R. S. Chhokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Time Stress ◽  
Increasing Demand

About 9% of area on earth is under crops out of which 91% is under various stresses. On an average, about 50% yield losses are due to abiotic stresses mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). As there is no scope for increasing area under agriculture, the increased productivity from these stressed land is a must to meet the ever increasing demand. Further, the severity of abiotic stresses is likely to increase due to changing climate leading to adverse effect on crops. Therefore, abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, sodicity, acidity, water logging, heat, nutrient toxicities/ deficiencies etc need to be effectively addressed through adoption of management practices like tillage and planting options, residue management, sowing time, stress tolerant cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to conserve natural resources, mitigating their adverse effect and sustainable wheat production.

scholarly journals Abiotic Stress Tolerance-Progress and Pathways of Sustainable Rice Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Manzoor H. Dar ◽  
Dilruba A. Bano ◽  
Showkat A. Waza ◽  
Najam W. Zaidi ◽  
Asma Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Private And Public

Rice is globally a major food crop and its production has progressively been affected by various types of abiotic stresses especially drought, flooding, salinity, heat and cold in most of the cultivable rice ecosystems. The incidence, intensity and duration of these stresses are anticipated to aggravate due to climate change consequences, demanding resilient yields in these situations to be essential. Present paper deals with reviewing various types of abiotic stresses and their mitigation strategies for enhancing and stabilizing rice production in stress prone areas. Review of available literature pertaining to the study area has been used as research methodology for this paper. The available literature suggests that stress-tolerant varieties can serve as the most viable strategy to contribute in coping with the problem of abiotic stresses. Although, good progress has been made in the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) and incessant efforts are being made to spread these varieties in target areas, adoption by farmers is yet to meet expectations. Advantage, affordability, awareness and availability are the main factors responsible for adopting of any technology. The adoption of stress-tolerant varieties has not reached its potential, predominantly due to the lack of awareness and non-availability of seeds amongst farmers. Strategic and intentional collaborations should be ensured for scaling the sustainable delivery and diffusion of STRVs. A promotional roadmap that ensures the linkages between private and public seed sectors remains the key factor for its successful adoption. Similarly, strengthening of formal, informal and semi-formal seed systems is crucial to accelerate the dissemination of these varieties. There is an imperative need to create strategic plans for the development of varieties possessing multiple stress tolerance. Significant investments for sustainability of rice production in stress prone areas form the essential component of long-term agricultural development. The sooner these investments and strategies are accomplished, the greater the gains are expected.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Overview of Iron Nutrition and Deficiency: Uptake, Transport and Metabolism in Legumes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneer Sowbiya
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Pulse Production

Legumes are important sources of nitrogen and, therefore, the nitrogen fixing ability of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis has great potential to improve crop yields or reduce nitrogen fertilizer use. Unfortunately, legumes face serious and increasing threats of both biotic and abiotic stresses among which Fe-deficiency has been increased from past years. Fe nutrient deficiency limits pulse production and nitrogen fixation by specifically affecting any one of the four phases of legume-rhizobium symbiosis. Although Fe in soil is often present in adequate quantities, it is mainly present in insoluble Fe-(III) precipitates, limiting its uptake and utilization. The present review has focused on the iron nutrition and deficiency and probable uptake, transport and metabolism in legumes.

Abiotic stresses in rice production: Impacts and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (Special) ◽  
pp. 103-125
Author(s):  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Kutubuddin A Molla ◽  
Koushik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Production Technologies

Rice, a key staple food crop in the world and India, offers food and nutrition security to millions of the global population. Abiotic (water, soil, atmospheric) stresses affect yield and quality of rice. This necessitates stress-resilient rice production technologies sufficiently fortified by novel stress mitigation and adaptation strategies. Recent crop improvement strategy has partially managed to resolve the challenges presented by abiotic stresses such as high temperature, drought, salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging and mineral deficiency. The complication and multiplicity of abiotic stresses necessitate the use of extensive, integrative and multi-disciplinary techniques to achieve resilience. Crop improvement, along with the agronomic interventions, is essential to stabilise the productivity and profitability of rice production. This article gives an overview of the potential impacts of abiotic stress on rice and suggests the adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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