Synergistic Effect of Quercetin with Allicin from the Ethanolic Extract of Allium cepa as a Potent AntiQuorum Sensing and Anti-Biofilm Agent Against Oral Biofilm

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Bandita Dutta ◽  
Sudipta Dash ◽  
Shreyasi Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oral Biofilm

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MUCUNA COCHINCHINENSIS EXTRACTS ON EFFLUX PUMP IN FUNGAL STRAINS

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
NATARAJAN K. ◽  
KUMARESH JAWAHAR N.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibition

Objective: To study the efflux pump inhibition activity of Mucunacochinchinensis extracts Methods: Sensitivity assay was performed by Kirby Bauer technique. Effluxing ability of microbe was done by accretion, accumulation and efflux pump assays. Results: Resistant fungal strains were subjected to efflux ability studies. Maximum effluxing ability was determined from the experimental data and it was found to be 105 min and 75 min by Candida albicans for methanolic extract of M. cochinchinenesis (MMC) and ethanolic extract of M. cochinchinensis (EMC) respectively and 45 min and 105 min by Aspergillus niger for MMC and EMC respectively. Profound synergistic effect of inhibition was observed with combined MMC and standard Clotrimoxazole when compared to the standard alone; against C. albicansindicates the modulating efficacy of MMC. Conclusion: M. cochinchinensis extracts showed efflux pump modulating activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Synergistic Effect of Spices against Few Selected Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Renuka Maharjan ◽  
Saru Thapa ◽  
Amrit Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Mic Value

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of spices along with determination of its synergistic effect against few selected pathogens. Methods: In this study, ethanolic extract of 5 different spices; Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Allium sativum (Garlic), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Capsicum annum (Chili) and Allium cepa (Onion) were obtained by using Soxhlet apparatus. The ethanolic extract was concentrated by evaporation and different concentrations of extract were prepared in Dimethy Sulphoxide (DMSO) solvent. Test organisms included mainly pathogens i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by well diffusion technique both individually and in combination. On the other hand, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined by serial dilution technique. The result were interpreted on the basis of the fact that the growth occurs in positive control and other tubes with inadequate amount of extract whereas the lowest concentration of agent that inhibits growth of organism, detected by lack of visible turbidity by inhibition of 99% is designed as the MIC. The MBC is identified by determining the lowest concentration of extract solution that reduces the viability of the initial bacterial inoculum by a predetermined reduction such as ≥99.9%. Likewise, for determination of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI), two extracts were combined along with standardized inoculum of bacterial strain. Tubes without visible turbidity were streaked on agar plate and observed for 99.9% killing.   Results: All the tested extract of spices were found effective against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae only. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was found in chili extract (ZOI=26 mm) against S. aureus whereas lowest zone of inhibition was found in garlic extract against K. pneumoniae (ZOI=12mm). Similarly, highest ZOI was produced by combined extract of both Turmeric and Ginger (ZOI= 26 mm). Turmeric extract was found to be effective against S. aureus (MIC value = 62.5 mg /ml and MBC value = 31.25 mg/ml) and K. pneumoniae (MIC value 125 mg/ml and MBC value = 62.5 mg/ml). The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) values of combined extract suggested synergistic and additive effect (0.5<FIC<1). Chili and ginger were effective with FIC value of 0.25. Conclusion: To recapitulate, the extract of spices can be used to prevent the pathogenic organism.

Synergism Between Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EEP) and Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs on Growth of Mycobacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Scheller ◽  
Szymon Dworniczak ◽  
Krystian Waldemar-Klimmek ◽  
Marek Rajca ◽  
Anna Tomczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Ethanolic Extract Of Propolis

Abstract Ethanolic extract of propolis exerts a strong anti-bacterial activity, in addition to antifungal. antiviral and antiprotozoal properties. In previous studies from these laboratories we have demonstrated that the intensity of the bactericidal activity of EEP is correlated with the virulence of the mycobacteria tested, and that EEP has a synergistic effect with antibiotics on growth of staphylococcus aureus. In the present study we investigated whether the same synergism and correlation exists between EEP and some anti-tuberculosis drugs on tubercu­losis mycobacteria with different degrees of virulence. Six standard strains and 11 wild strains of mycobacteria were exposed for 30 days to EEP, with or without streptomycin, rifamycin, isoniazid or ethambutol. Out of the 17 strains, 8 were resistant to at least two standard antibiotics, and were considered “multi-resistant strains”. The rest were either susceptible or resistant to only one of the antimycobacterial drugs. Antagonism was recorded only in one case, when Staphylococcus aureus were treated with a mixture of EEP and ethambutol, sug­gesting that a chemical bond could have been formed between this anti-tuberculosis anti­ biotic and one of the active components of the ethanol extract of propolis.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and synergistic interactions between aminoglycosides, selected antibiotics and extracts from the bryophyte Octoblepharum albidum Hedw (Calymperaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.S. Vidal ◽  
E.O. Sousa ◽  
Fabíola Rodrigues ◽  
Adriana Campos ◽  
S.R. Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Synergistic Interactions

This work is the first to describe the modulation of antibiotic activity of the bryophyte Octoblepharum albidum Hedw extract. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of O. albidum (EEOa), alone and in association with aminoglycosides, was determined against six bacterial strains by a microdilution test. The results showed a similar inhibitory activity of EEOa against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33018 (MICs 512 ?g/mL). The synergistic effect of the extracts and aminoglycosides was also verified. The most pronounced effects were obtained with EEOa + gentamicin against E. coli and EEOa + kanamycin against K. pneumoniae with MICs reduction (128 to 32 ?g/mL). The data from this study are indicative of the antibacterial activity of the bryophyte O. albidum extracts and its potential in modifying the resistance of aminoglycosides analyzed.

scholarly journals Antibactrial Activity of Asteriscus graveolens Methanolic Extract: Synergistic Effect with Fungal Mediated Nanoparticles against Some Enteric Bacterial Human Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Ibtihal ALrawashdeh ◽  
Haitham Qaralleh ◽  
Muhamad Al-limoun ◽  
Khaled Khleifat
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Antibactrial Activity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Antibactrial activity of Asteriscus graveolens methanolic extract and its synergy effect with fungal mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some enteric bacterial human pathogen was conducted. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the fungal strain namely Tritirachium oryzae W5H as reported early. In this study, MICs of AgNPs against E. aerogenes, Salmonella sp., E. coli and C. albicans in order were 2.13, 19.15, 0.08 and 6.38 µg/mL, respectively, while the MICs of A. graveolens ethanolic extract against the same bacteria were 4, 366, <3300 and 40 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values at concentration less than 19.15 and 40 µg/ml indicating the potent bacteriostatic effect of AgNPs and A. graveolens ethanolic extract. Increasing in IFA was reported when Nitrofurantion and Trimethoprim were combined with Etoh extract with maximum increase in IFA by 6 and 12 folds for, respectively. Also, 10 folds increasing in IFA was reported when trimethoprim was combined with AgNPs: Etoh extract. But, there were no synergistic effect between the antifungal agents (Caspofungin and Micafungin) combined with AgNPs and or A. graveolens ethanolic extract against C. albicans. The potent synergistic effect of A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs with the conventional antibiotics is novel in inhibiting antibiotics resistant bacteria. In this study, remarkable increasing in the antibacterial activity, when the most resistant antibiotics combined with A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs was reported.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Hyperuricemia Activity Test In Vivo of Ethanolic Extract of Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Syahrina Syahrina ◽  
Vivi Asfianti ◽  
Kasta Gurning ◽  
Iksen Iksen
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Potassium Oxonate

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism that will be excreted through urine, feces, and sweat. Excessive production of uric acid can cause hyperuricemia, known as gout. The skin of shallots (Allium cepa L.) is one of the household wastes that are very rarely used by the community. Ethanol extract of shallot skin (EESS) was tested for phytochemical screening and anti-hyperuricemia activity using potassium oxonate. Mice were divided into five groups (Allopurinol, Na-CMC, EESS 200 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW) and uric acid levels were observed at 2-hour intervals for six hours. Phytochemical screening shows that EESS has potential compounds in the treatment of gout. Tests to reduce uric acid levels showed that EESS has better potential than allopurinol at concentrations of 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW after six hours of induction in reducing uric acid levels.

scholarly journals The Staining Interactions of Aqueous Extract of Skin Allium cepa (Red Onion) on Some Selected Histological Tissues

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
A. A. Hali ◽  
O. O. Okechi ◽  
A. T. Muhammad ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Onion Skin ◽  
Group B ◽  
Liver Tissues

Introduction: Histological stains are biological dyes which colour tissue in order to aid optical differentiation of tissue component. Dyes are coloured substance which impact colour for material such as textile, cosmetic, food, drugs, rubber plastics, hair, fur and tissues. There are two types of dyes namely; natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Allium cepa is an imperative, evergreen plant, which belongs to the family Amaryllidaceace commonly called bulb onion. Aim: This research work aimed at evaluating the staining capability of onion extract as counter stain when haematoxylin was used as primary stain. Methods: Tissue blocks sections of liver and kidney organs were made from the Wistar rat. Serial sections labelled A to M were made from each block and stained with Harris haematoxylin. Section A was counterstained with eosin, as control. Different preparations of extracts of the onion skin were used to counter stain sections of kidney and liver tissues. Group B to Mwere kidney and liver tissues stained as follows: B, E, H and K (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum, and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant, for 10 and 20 minutes). C, D, F, G, I, J, L and M (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant for 10 and 20 minutes). Results: The skin extract of Allium cepa stained the cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues in shades of reddish brown to yellowish brown. The study established the cytoplasmic counter-staining ability of the extract of Allium cepa. Conclusion: It is therefore suggested that onion skin extract solution can be substituted for eosin due to its domestic availability, ease of preparation and above all, its good cytoplasm contrast with the nuclear stain.

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