Effect of Deficiency of Essential Elements and Toxicity of Metals on Human Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Essential Elements

Urban soils and human health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Bini ◽  
Mohammad Wahsha
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Potentially Harmful Elements ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Scientific Topic

<p>Since the dawn of civilization, the anthropic activity has lead to a legacy of increased land degradation/contamination. Potentially harmful elements (PHEs) are among the most effective environmental contaminants, and their release into the environment is rising since the last decades. Interest in trace elements has been increased as a major scientific topic over the last 50 years when it was realized that some elements were essential to human health (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn). In contrast, some others were toxic (e.g., As, Hg, Pb), and likely responsible for serious human diseases and lethal consequences. Since that time, great progress in knowledge of links between environmental geochemistry and human health has been achieved. The urban environment (nowadays the main habitat for the human population) is a potential PHEs source, with high risk for residents’ health. Indeed, PHEs concentration and distribution are related to traffic intensity, distance from roads, local topography, and heating. Industrial emissions also contribute to the release of toxic elements. Understanding the extent, distribution and fate of PHEs in the urban environment is therefore imperative to address the sustainable management of urban soils and gardens in relation to human health.</p><p>Despite the extensive researches addressed to this topic, the effects of most trace metals on human health are not yet fully understood. Uncertainty is still prevailing, particularly with non-essential elements that are “suspected” to be harmful to humans, causing severe health problems as intoxication, neurological disturbances and also cancer. Some of them (e.g., As, Cd, Hg, Pb) have attracted most attention worldwide due to their toxicity towards living organisms. Other elements (Al, B, Be, Bi, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Sn, Tl, V, W) are likely harmful, but may play some beneficial functions not yet well known, and should be more investigated.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Urban soils; PHEs; Human health</p>

scholarly journals Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Capacity of the Seed and the Epicarp in Different Ecotypes of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Subsp. atlantica

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Labdelli ◽  
Abdelkrim Rebiai ◽  
Mohammed Tahirine ◽  
Ahmed Adda ◽  
Othmane Merah
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites that occur naturally in all plants. Seeds are among the richest organs of plants in phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. These compounds and their biological activities are of great importance for human health. This study aimed to analyze the phenolic composition and their antioxidant activity in the seeds and epicarps of six Algerian populations of Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. atlantica growing along an aridity gradient from semi-arid to Saharan environmental conditions. Higher phenolic contents were observed in epicarp compared to seeds whatever the ecotype. The highest phenolic content of seeds and epicarps was observed in ecotype of Djelfa and the lowest values in Tiaret (T-Z). Phenolic composition, measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), showed that quercetin in epicarp, gallic and chlorogenic acids in seeds were the most present in all ecotypes. Large differences were observed between ecotypes for nutritional values. Seeds were rich in flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates and essential elements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron. These results highlighted the potential importance of Atlas pistachio fruits as a source of essential compounds that contribute to human health. Moreover, this underused species may serve a potential source for antioxidant components for alimentation and cosmetics purposes.

scholarly journals PRIMARY CONGENITAL AND SECONDARY ACQUIRED SPLENIC PANHEMATOPENIA

Blood ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES A. DOAN ◽  
CLAUDE-STARR WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Multiple Structures ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Sound Judgment

Abstract 1. The spleen is an organ of multiple structures and many functions, but in the interests of human health and disease, it is probably far more important pathologically than physiologically. 2. It has been abundantly proved that instability in splenic functional balance toward any one of the essential elements of the blood passing through this organ may be an inherited trait, as in congenital hemolytic icterus. Recognition is now made of a syndrome in which, despite intensive compensatory panmyeloid hyperplasia, indiscriminate elimination of all circulating elements occurs, actually simulating panmyeloid hypoplasia. Splenectomy in such a syndrome is often dramatically curative. "Primary splenic panhematopenia" is suggested as an appropriate descriptive designation. 3. The potentially important role which may be played by the spleen, secondarily involved in a wide variety of syndromes, with the precipitation of varying degrees of peripheral cellular disequilibria, demands careful diagnostic discrimination. A dependable experience in the specific technics by which bone marrow and splenic functions are appraised is essential to sound judgment and clinical acumen. 4. The normal spleen is apparently not essential to life and health at any age and, therefore, may be surgically removed without prejudice to future hemolytopoietic equilibria and longevity. The pathologic spleen may at times constitute a very real hazard to health and an actual threat to survival; in the more acute syndromes, prompt surgical intervention may be lifesaving.

scholarly journals Seaweeds as source of the essential elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Rodrigues Albuquerque ◽  
Vera Akiko Maihara ◽  
Cassio Bessa De Lima ◽  
Paulo Sergio Cardoso Silva
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Edible Seaweed

Overtime seaweeds have been used as a food mainly due to their high nutritional value. This type of food is considered as functional food and contributes to the nutritional human requirements, being beneficial to human health. In this study 13 edible seaweed samples acquired in the marked of São Paulo city were analyzed and the concentrations of elements Cl, K, Mg, Mn and Na were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The following edible seaweeds were analyzed: Nori (Porphyra umbilicates); Hijiki (Hijikia fusiforme); Kombu (Laminaria sp.) and Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) species from China, USA, Japan and South Korea. The Undaria pinnatifida species presented the highest Na concentration and the lowest K level. The highest variation was obtained for Mn in the Porphyra umbilicates species.

Importance of iron absorption in human health: An overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Prasad Dixit ◽  
Logesh Rajan ◽  
Dhanabal Palaniswamy ◽  
Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Ferritin Concentration

: Iron is one of the essential elements required for human health, as it plays a vital role in a number of metabolic, growth and developmental processes, including erythropoiesis, DNA synthesis, electron transport and others. Iron deficiency is a concern in both developing and developed (industrialized) countries, and in particular young women are highly vulnerable. This review investigates dietary and genetic determinants of iron metabolism in the human body and a possible solution to combat the iron deficiency by exploring via various targets. Hence, this review mainly focuses on the assessment of dietary and genetic factors affecting the iron bioavailability and homeostasis and collates the available information from 2000 to till date from Pubmed. The dietary factors including ascorbic acid an important factor in animal protein foods (meat, fish and poultry) enhance iron absorption whereas the phytic acid, soy protein, calcium and polyphenols have been reported to inhibit iron absorption. However, the effects of these dietary factors on iron absorption do not necessarily translate into an association with iron status and iron stores (serum ferritin concentration). Moreover, the genetic factors influence the absorption of iron involving HFE, TFR2, FPN1 and HAMP in humans. Further research is needed to determine optimal dietary recommendations for both the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.

scholarly journals Selenium biofortification of rice and radish: effect of soil texture and efficiency of two extractants

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernandes KFM ◽  
Berton RS ◽  
Coscione AR
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Edible Parts

The addition of essential elements to human health by mineral fertilization is considered a promising strategy for biofortification. A greenhouse experiment was carried out where amounts equivalent to 0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha&nbsp;of selenium (Se), as sodium selenite, were added to two soils with contrasting textures to evaluate the increase in Se concentration on the edible parts of rice (grain) and radish (roots) plants. Two extractors (KCl and KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) were also evaluated in their efficiency in predicting available Se to the two species. Total Se concentration in plants increased significantly with the amounts of Se added to both soils showing that selenite can be used for biofortification of these crops. Selenium availability was higher on sandy soil than on sandy clay soil. Se extraction with KCl presented better performance than KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in predicting Se phytoavailability for rice and radish.

scholarly journals An Overview on Coconut Water: As A Multipurpose Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamal N. Tuyekar ◽  
Bharvi S. Tawade ◽  
Kajalkumari S. Singh ◽  
Vidula S. Wagh ◽  
Prasad K. Vidhate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Poisoning Effect ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tender Coconut ◽  
The Individual

Coconut water and coconut are two natural thirst-quenching foods that are commonly available in most countries. Both the water and the meat of the tender coconut stimulate the body by releasing nutrients. In recent years, researchers have been interested in the health and medicinal benefits of tender coconut products. Sugars, proteins, free amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and growth promoting factors are among the biologically essential elements contained in it. Since, current research on coconut water is mainly focused on its properties, uses, and nutritional benefits, this review will concentrate on the human health aspect. It describes original properties and applications, which vary from the most simple to the most complex. It also describes its biochemical structure, which is affected by the stage of maturity and hence the variety. The purpose of this review was to learn about the most widely recorded components of coconut water, as well as other research towards their impact on animals and human body. Coconut water contains bunch of nutrition such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and phyto-hormones. The recent discovery of coconut water on the medicinal properties shows its real potential for improving human health. The possible anti-cancer properties of particular cytokinin could open up new and exciting avenues for finding cures for various cancers. It's a gift from nature to provide the best remedy for thirst and better health. Because of the antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of different ingredients, it is a more sensible option for removing the poisoning effect of other food that is a part of modern life. Understanding the functions and properties of the individual components of coconut water requires further study, but it will enable us to properly exploit this wonderful and multipurpose liquid with unique biological properties.

scholarly journals Proposal of New Health Risk Assessment Method for Deficient Essential Elements in Drinking Water—Case Study of the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5915
Author(s):  
Stanislav Rapant ◽  
Veronika Cvečková ◽  
Edgar Hiller ◽  
Dana Jurkovičová ◽  
František Kožíšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Information System ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Risk Assessment Method

The US EPA health risk assessment method is currently widely used to assess human health risks for many environmental constituents. It is used for risk assessment from the exposure to various contaminants exceeding tolerable or safe reference doses, determined e.g., for drinking water, soil, air and food. It accepts widely that excess contents of non-essential elements (e.g., As, Pb or Sb) in environmental compartments represent a general risk to human health. However, contrary to toxic trace elements, deficient contents of essential (biogenic) elements e.g., F, I, Se, Zn, Fe, Ca or Mg may represent even higher health risk. Therefore, we propose to extend the human health risk assessment by calculating the health risk for deficient content and intake of essential elements, and to introduce the terms Average Daily Missing Dose (ADMD), Average Daily Required Dose (ADRD) and Average Daily Accepted Dose (ADAD). We propose the following equation to calculate the Hazard Quotient (HQ) of health risk from deficient elements: HQd = ADRD/ADAD. At present, there are no reference concentrations or doses of essential elements in each environmental compartment in world databases (Integrated Risk Information System IRIS, The Risk Assessment Information System RAIS). ADRD and ADMD can be derived from different regulatory standards or guidelines (if they exist) or calculated from actual regional data on the state of population health and content of essential elements in the environment, e.g., in groundwater or soil. This methodology was elaborated and tested on inhabitants of the Slovak Republic supplied with soft drinking water with an average Mg content of 5.66 mg·L−1. The calculated ADMD of Mg for these inhabitants is 0.314 mg·kg−1·day−1 and HQd is equal to 2.94, indicating medium risk of chronic diseases. This method extending traditional health risk assessment is the first attempt to quantify deficient content of essential elements in drinking water. It still has some limitations but also has potential to be further developed and refined through its testing in other countries.

scholarly journals Essential Trace Elements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zavattari ◽  
Eleonora Loi ◽  
Matteo Serra ◽  
Paolo Valera ◽  
Daniela Cannas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Essential Trace Elements

Trace elements produce double-edged effects on the lives of animals and particularly of humans. On one hand, these elements represent potentially toxic agents; on the other hand, they are essentially needed to support growth and development and confer protection against disease. The amount taken up and the accumulation in human tissues decisively control whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. This entry provides a brief description of some toxic, likely essential and essential elements and their influence on human health.

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