The Influence of Aggregate Size and Blocking Materials to the Water Infiltration Rates of Pervious Concrete

AbstractAgricultural systems produce both detrimental and beneficial effects on soil quality (SQ). We compared soil physical properties of long-term conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) cropping systems near Akron, Colorado (CO); Brookings, South Dakota (SD); Bushland, Texas (TX); Fargo, North Dakota (ND); Mandan (ND); Mead, Nebraska (NE); Sidney, Montana (MT); and Swift Current, Saskatchewan (SK), Canada. Objectives were to quantify the changes in soil physical attributes in cropping systems and assess the potential of individual soil attributes as sensitive indicators of change in SQ. Soil samples were collected three times per year from each treatment at each site for one rotation cycle (4 years at Brookings and Mead). Water infiltration rates were measured. Soil bulk density (BD) and gravimetric water were measured at 0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–30 cm depth increments and water-filled pore space ratio (WFPS) was calculated. At six locations, a rotary sieve was used to separate soil (top 5 cm) into six aggregate size groups and calculate mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates. Under the CON system at Brookings, dry aggregates (>19 mm) abraded into the smallest size class (<0.4 mm) on sieving. In contrast, the large aggregates from the ALT system abraded into size classes between 2 and 6 mm. Dry aggregate size distribution (DASD) shows promise as an indicator of SQ related to susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Aggregates from CON were least stable in water. Soil C was greater under ALT than CON for both Brookings and Mead. At other locations, MWD of aggregates under continuous crop or no tillage (ALT systems) was greater than MWD under CON. There was no crop system effect on water infiltration rates for locations having the same tillage within cropping system. Tillage resulted in increased, decreased, or unchanged near-surface BD. Because there was significant temporal variation in water infiltration, MWD, and BD, conclusions based on a single point-in-time observation should be avoided. Elevated WFPS at Fargo, Brookings, and Mead may have resulted in anaerobic soil conditions during a portion of the year. Repeated measurements of WFPS or DASD revealed important temporal characteristics of SQ that could be used to judge soil condition as affected by management.

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Effect of Chemical and Tillage Summer Fallow upon Water‐Infiltration Rates

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1955.00021962004700050013x ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 235-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O. K. Barnes ◽

D. W. Bohmont ◽

Frank Rauzi

Keyword(s):

Water Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Summer Fallow

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Temperature Effects on Shallow Water Infiltration Rates in an Underground Rock Bed BMP

10.13031/2013.32144 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Horst

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Rock Bed

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Factors Determining Soil Water Repellency in Two Coniferous Plantations on a Hillslope

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090730 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 730 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moein Farahnak ◽

Keiji Mitsuyasu ◽

Kyoichi Otsuki ◽

Kuniyoshi Shimizu ◽

Atsushi Kume

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Water Repellency ◽

Soil Aggregate ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Soil Water Repellency ◽

Tree Cutting ◽

Coniferous Plantations

Soil water repellency (SWR) is a cause of low water infiltration, overland flow and soil erosion in mountainous coniferous plantations in Japan. The factors determining SWR intensity were investigated in two coniferous plantations of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold et Zucc.) Endl. and Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, using intact tree plots and cut tree plots on the same hillslope. The SWR of Ch. obtusa plots was stronger than that of Cr. japonica plots. SWR intensity decreased after tree cutting. There were no significant differences in SWR upslope and downslope of individual trees/stumps for both tree species, though areas downslope of individual Ch. obtusa trees had higher SWR intensity than those upslope. SWR intensity and soil aggregate stability were positively correlated in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot (r = 0.88, p < 0.01), whereas in the cut tree plot, this correlation was weak with no significance (r = 0.29, p = 0.41). Soil aggregate size had a non-significant influence on SWR intensity. These findings suggest that SWR intensity was not related to the soil aggregate size, but SWR intensity seemed have a role in soil aggregation in the Ch. obtusa intact tree plot. Destruction of soil aggregates could occur after tree cutting because of physical disturbances or increased input of different types of organic matter from other vegetation into soil. The presence of Ch. obtusa introduces a source of SWR, although uncertainty remains about how water repellency is distributed around soil aggregates. The distribution pattern of soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity around Cr. japonica was related to other factors such as the litter layer and non-water-repellant soil.

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Depression storage and infiltration effects on overland flow depth-velocity-friction at desert conditions: field plot results and model

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-16-3293-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 3293-3307 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. J. Rossi ◽

J. O. Ares

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Life Forms ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Soil Core ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Overland Flows ◽

Desert Areas ◽

Semi Arid

Abstract. Water infiltration and overland flow are relevant in considering water partition among plant life forms, the sustainability of vegetation and the design of sustainable hydrological models and management. In arid and semi-arid regions, these processes present characteristic trends imposed by the prevailing physical conditions of the upper soil as evolved under water-limited climate. A set of plot-scale field experiments at the semi-arid Patagonian Monte (Argentina) were performed in order to estimate the effect of depression storage areas and infiltration rates on depths, velocities and friction of overland flows. The micro-relief of undisturbed field plots was characterized at z-scale 1 mm through close-range stereo-photogrammetry and geo-statistical tools. The overland flow areas produced by controlled water inflows were video-recorded and the flow velocities were measured with image processing software. Antecedent and post-inflow moisture were measured, and texture, bulk density and physical properties of the upper soil were estimated based on soil core analyses. Field data were used to calibrate a physically-based, mass balanced, time explicit model of infiltration and overland flows. Modelling results reproduced the time series of observed flow areas, velocities and infiltration depths. Estimates of hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow (Reynolds-Froude numbers) are informed. To our knowledge, the study here presented is novel in combining several aspects that previous studies do not address simultaneously: (1) overland flow and infiltration parameters were obtained in undisturbed field conditions; (2) field measurements of overland flow movement were coupled to a detailed analysis of soil microtopography at 1 mm depth scale; (3) the effect of depression storage areas in infiltration rates and depth-velocity friction of overland flows is addressed. Relevance of the results to other similar desert areas is justified by the accompanying biogeography analysis of similarity of the environment where this study was performed with other desert areas of the world.

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Preparation Of Soil Samples For Light And Transmission Electron Microsopy

Microscopy Today ◽

10.1017/s1551929500053232 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

Gordon Vrdoljak

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Adequate Description ◽

Soil Medium ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Germination And Growth

Soil structure influences water supply to plant roots, aeration, water infiltration rates, suitability of soil medium for seed germination and growth, growth of plant roots, drainage, evaporation, mechanical strength, and workability (Dexter 1988). Adequate description of soil structure for cultivation, engineering, or remediation is typically done by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Literature exists in numerous sources for preparation of soils for microscopy, but often preparation steps are left out due to the shortening of Methods Sections in journal articles to conserve print space. I present here, protocols I've used for preparation of tropical soils (Oxisols) for microscopy.

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Measuring Water Infiltration Rates of Sports Turf Areas

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300020033x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 427-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. H. Taylor ◽

C. F. Williams ◽

S. D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Water Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Rates

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A Sensitivity Analysis of Simulated Infiltration Rates to Uncertain Discretization in the Moisture Content Domain

Water ◽

10.3390/w11061192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1192

Author(s):

Lulu Liu ◽

Han Yu

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Nonlinear Dynamical System ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Hydrologic Model ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Nonlinear Dynamical ◽

Pore Sizes ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

The Difference ◽

Region Scale

An unconditionally mass conservative hydrologic model proposed by Talbot and Ogden provides an effective and fast technique for estimating region-scale water infiltration. It discretizes soil moisture content into a proper but uncertain number of hydraulically interacting bins such that each bin represents a collection of pore sizes. To simulate rainfall-infiltration, a two-step alternating process runs until completion; and these two steps are surface water infiltration into bins and redistribution of inter-bin flow. Therefore, a nonlinear dynamical system in time is generated based on different bin front depths. In this study, using rigorous mathematical analysis first reveals that more bins can produce larger infiltration fluxes, and the overall flux variation is nonlinear with respect to the number of bins. It significantly implies that a greater variety of pore sizes produces a larger infiltration rate. An asymptotic analysis shows a finite change in infiltration rates for an infinite number of bins, which maximizes the heterogeneity of pore sizes. A corollary proves that the difference in the predicted infiltration rates using this model can be quantitatively bounded under a specific depth ratio of the deepest to the shallowest bin fronts. The theoretical results are demonstrated using numerical experiments in coarse and fine textured soils. Further studies will extend the analysis to the general selection of a suitable number of bins.

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Strength, Permeability, and Freeze-Thaw Durability of Pervious Concrete with Different Aggregate Sizes, Porosities, and Water-Binder Ratios

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8081217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hanbing Liu ◽

Guobao Luo ◽

Haibin Wei ◽

Han Yu

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Pervious Concrete ◽

High Porosity ◽

Range Analysis ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

The Impact ◽

Water Binder Ratio

Pervious concrete (PC), as an environmental friendly material, can be very important in solving urban problems and mitigating the impact of climate change; i.e., flooding, urban heat island phenomena, and groundwater decline. The objective of this research is to evaluate the strength, permeability, and freeze-thaw durability of PC with different aggregate sizes, porosities, and water-binder ratios. The orthogonal experiment method is employed in the study and nine experiments are conducted. The compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability coefficient, porosity, density, and freeze-thaw durability of PC mixtures are tested. Range analysis and variance analysis are carried out to analyze the collected data and estimate the influence of aggregate size, porosity, and water-binder ratio on PC properties. The results indicate that porosity is the most important factor determining the properties of PC. High porosity results in better permeability, but negatively affects the mechanical strength and freeze-thaw durability. PC of 15% porosity can obtain high compressive strength in excess of 20 MPa and favorable freeze-thaw durability of 80 cycles without sacrificing excessive permeability. Aggregate size also has a significant effect on freeze-thaw durability and mechanical strength. Small aggregate size is advantageous for PC properties. PC with 4.75–9.5 mm coarse aggregate presents excellent freeze-thaw durability. The influence of the water-binder ratio on PC properties is not as significant as that of aggregate size and porosity. An optimal mix ratio is required to trade-off between permeability, mechanical strength, and freeze-thaw durability.

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Comparison of alternative farming systems. I. Infiltration techniques

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0889189300004860 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S.D. Logsdon ◽

J.K. Radke ◽

D.L. Karlen

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Double Ring ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Single Ring ◽

Alternative Farming ◽

Surface Soil Properties ◽

Infiltration Techniques

AbstractQuantitative data are needed to understand how alternative farming practices affect surface infiltration of water and associated surface soil properties. We used a rainfall simulator, double ring infiltrometer, small single ring infiltrometers, and tension infiltrometers to measure water infiltration for Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) and for Webster silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) soils located on a conventionally-managed and an alternatively-managed farm in central Iowa. Steady-state measurements suggested that infiltration rates were somewhat higher for the alternative farming system. Bulk densities were sometimes lower, and volume of large pores was a little higher for the alternative farming system. Small single rings were more reproducible than rainfall simulators or double ring infiltrometers, and data trends were the same as for rainfall simulators.

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