scholarly journals Farmer Adaptation to Climate Variability and Soil Erosion in Samanalawewa Catchment in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
E. P. N. Udayakumara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil Erosion Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractThe Samanalawewa catchment is considered one of the most important catchments in Sri Lanka because of its diverse land uses. Hence, this study examines the long-term effects on climate variability, soil erosion soil erosion, and adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in the Samanalawewa reservoir. Rainfall and temperature data indicated that annual rainfall decreased from 1922 to 2008 by an average of 5.5 mm per year while the average annual temperature increased from 1973 to 2008 at a rate of 0.02 °C per year. Moreover, model-based soil erosion assessment disclosed that the rate of soil erosion ranges from 0 to 289 t per ha per year with an average of 4.3 t per ha per year.

scholarly journals Long-Term Changes of Aquatic Invasive Plants and Implications for Future Distribution: A Case Study Using a Tank Cascade System in Sri Lanka

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Champika S. Kariyawasam ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Benjamin Kipkemboi Kogo ◽  
Sujith S. Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Long Term Changes

Climate variability can influence the dynamics of aquatic invasive alien plants (AIAPs) that exert tremendous pressure on aquatic systems, leading to loss of biodiversity, agricultural wealth, and ecosystem services. However, the magnitude of these impacts remains poorly known. The current study aims to analyse the long-term changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of AIAPs under the influence of climate variability in a heavily infested tank cascade system (TCS) in Sri Lanka. The changes in coverage of various features in the TCS were analysed using the supervised maximum likelihood classification of ten Landsat images over a 27-year period, from 1992 to 2019 using ENVI remote sensing software. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimate were used to analyse the trend of annual rainfall and temperature. We observed a positive trend of temperature that was statistically significant (p value < 0.05) and a positive trend of rainfall that was not statistically significant (p values > 0.05) over the time period. Our results showed fluctuations in the distribution of AIAPs in the short term; however, the coverage of AIAPs showed an increasing trend in the study area over the longer term. Thus, this study suggests that the AIAPs are likely to increase under climate variability in the study area.

Long-term effects of living grass mulching on soil and water conservation and fruit yield of citrus orchard in south China

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 106897
Author(s):  
Anguo Tu ◽  
Songhua Xie ◽  
Haijin Zheng ◽  
Hongren Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Ploughing and Conservation Tillage Methods on Earthworm Abundance and Crumb Ratio

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Dekemati ◽  
Barbara Simon ◽  
Igor Bogunovic ◽  
Ivica Kisic ◽  
Katalin Kassai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cover Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tillage Methods

In addition to the dry (D) and rainy (R) seasons, a combination of the two i.e., rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR), can also be observed in one year. The effects of the dry (D) and rainy (R) on soil are known, hence we hypothesized that the effects of the rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR) periods on soil may differ from the former assessments. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of six tillage treatments (ploughing—P, disk tillage—DT, loosening—L, tine tillage (a deeper—T and a shallower—ST) and no-till—NT) on earthworm abundance and crumb ratio during a long-term research (16 years) on Chernozems. The results related to the four year-groups (D, R, RD, and DR) with different residue cover. Seven degrees of cover ratio (between 12.5% and 62.5%) were selected on stubbles. Higher cover ratio (≥52.5%) improved water conservation, increased earthworm abundance (31 and 41 ind m–2) and crumb (78 and 82%) ratio (p < 0.01). R year came first in the rank of water content and earthworm abundance and DR proved to be more favorable for crumb formation. Considering the rank of soil tillage treatments, ST takes first place in evaluation of soil water content (SWC) and crumb ratio, and NT for earthworm abundance.

scholarly journals The effects of carbon emissions, rainfall, temperature, inflation, population, and unemployment on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An ARDL investigation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248743
Author(s):  
Md Mazharul Islam ◽  
Majed Alharthi ◽  
Md Wahid Murad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Unemployment Problem

Objective While macroeconomic and environmental events affect the overall economic performance of nations, there has not been much research on the effects of important macroeconomic and environmental variables and how these can influence progress. Saudi Arabia’s economy relies heavily on its vast reserves of petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, and copper, but its economic growth trajectory has been uneven since the 1990s. This study examines the effects of carbon emissions, rainfall, temperature, inflation, population, and unemployment on economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Methods Annual time series dataset covering the period 1990–2019 has been extracted from the World Bank and General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection, Saudi Arabia. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration has served to investigate the long-run relationships among the variables. Several time-series diagnostic tests have been conducted on the long-term ARDL model to check its robustness. Results Saudi Arabia can still achieve higher economic growth without effectively addressing its unemployment problem as both the variables are found to be highly significantly but positively cointegrated in the long-run ARDL model. While the variable of carbon emissions demonstrated a negative effect on the nation’s economic growth, the variables of rainfall and temperate were to some extent cointegrated into the nation’s economic growth in negative and positive ways, respectively. Like most other nations the short-run effects of inflation and population on economic growth do vary, but their long-term effects on the same are found to be positive. Conclusions Saudi Arabia can achieve both higher economic growth and lower carbon emissions simultaneously even without effectively addressing the unemployment problem. The nation should utilize modern scientific technologies to annual rainfall losses and to reduce annual temperature in some parts of the country in order to achieve higher economic growth.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion and Crop Productivity Loss in Palghar and Thane Districts of Maharashtra

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Shejale ◽  
◽  
S. B. Nandgude ◽  
S. S. Salunkhe ◽  
M. A. Phadtare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Soil And Water

Present research work was carried out on soil erosion and crop productivity loss in Palghar and Thane districts. The study also describes tolerable soil loss and relationship between top-soil loss and yield loss. The estimated average annual soil loss was 40.45 t ha-1yr-1 before adoption of the soil and water conservation measures (by USLE method) and estimated average tolerable soil loss was 9.36 t ha-1 yr-1, for Palghar district. Similarly, for Thane district the estimated average annual soil loss and tolerable soil loss were found to be 35.89 t ha-1 yr-1 and 9.61 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively for Thane district. The estimated average conservation practice factor (P) factors were obtained as 0.32 for Palghar district and 0.30 for Thane district to bring the soil loss below the tolerable limit. After adoption of soil and water conservation measures, the estimated soil loss were 9.02 t ha-1 yr-1 and 9.38 t ha-1 yr-1 for Palghar and Thane districts, respectively.

Soil and Water Conservation Society and the Construction of Ecological Civilization City

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Yu ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Wen Feng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Soil And Water

In recent years , with the acceleration of the process of China's modernization cities , soil erosion and lead to many more serious environmental problems . This paper describes the harm to the social construction of ecological civilization city soil and water loss,analyzed the causes of soil erosion,and finally illustrates the importance of soil and water conservation of the city and puts forward some suggestions for the construction of soil and water conservation.

Characterization and Evaluation of Soil Erosion in Shenzhen: Using Environmental Radionuclides

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Li ◽  
Ding Qiang Li ◽  
Mu Ning Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Soil And Water

Nuclear tracer technology is quantitative and it has a high priority, which provides a unique method for understanding the mechanism of urban soil and water loss.137Cs +210Pbexcombination tracer was applied to study the characterization and evaluation of soil Erosion in Shenzhen. The results indicate that the following: 1)Disturbances from urbanization has greatly changed surface soil in Shenzhen.137Cs background inventory in Shenzhen range at 99 Bq/m2-653 Bq/m2. 2)210Pbexbackground inventory increase with altitude rise, which is attributed to the movement of water vapor. 3)Soil erosion in Shenzhen has a wide distribution area and exacerbated by severe human disturbance. Land development and steep orchard are key factors that influence urban soil and water loss. 4)Shenzhen should strictly carry out projects for soil and water conservation, such as returning steep slopes into forests and grasslands, and other ecological management reforms.

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