Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta) and Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes): Two Pernicious Aquatic Weeds with High Potential in Phytoremediation

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Tabassum-Abbasi ◽  
Pratiksha Patnaik ◽  
Tasneem Abbasi ◽  
S. A. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Salvinia Molesta

Anaerobic digestion of harvested aquatic weeds: water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), cabomba (Cabomba Caroliniana) and salvinia (Salvinia molesta)

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1459-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn O'Sullivan ◽  
Beth Rounsefell ◽  
Alistair Grinham ◽  
William Clarke ◽  
James Udy
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Cabomba Caroliniana

scholarly journals Inventarisasi Dan Identifikasi Tumbuhan Air di Danau Hanjalutung Kota Palangka Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Ummi Suraya
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Leersia Hexandra ◽  
Water Plants

The aim of this research is to identify and to inventory water plants in Hanjalutung Lake,Petuk Ketimpun Village, Jekan Raya District, Palangka Raya City. This research was conducted from December 2017 to January 2018. Sampling was carried out in 3 (three) stations, namely inlet ,middle and outlet. The tool used for aquatic plants 2 x 2 m transect.The results of research aquatic plants found in the waters of Lake Hanjalutung 7 (seven) types namely Kiambang (Salvinia molesta), gerigit/bite (Leersia hexandra), Cat Tail Grass (Utricularia aurea), Para Grass (Cyperus platystylis), Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), Kiapu (Pistia stratiotes) dan Ketanan (Polygonum sp).

scholarly journals Chemicals with a natural reference for controlling water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Abd El-Ghafar El-Shahawy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

AbstractLife cannot exist without water. Appropriate management of water, from the water’s source to its utilization, is necessary to sustain life. Aquatic weeds pose a serious threat to aquatic environments and related eco-environments. Short- and long-term planning to control aquatic weeds is extremely important. Water hyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms, is one of the world’s worst pests with a bad reputation as an invasive weed. In this study we are seeking the possibility of using certain chemicals with a natural background, for controlling water hyacinth since there is a delicate balance that needs to be taken into account when using herbicides in water. Five compounds, namely: acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, and propionic acid, in three concentrations (10, 15, and 20%) were applied (i.e. as a foliar application under wire-house conditions) and compared with the use of the herbicide glyphosate (1.8 kg ∙ ha−1). All of the five compounds performed well in the control of the water hyacinth. As expected, the efficacy increased as the concentration was increased from 10 to 20%. With formic and propionic acids, the plants died earlier than when the other acids or the herbicide glyphosate, were used. Acetic acid came after formic and propionic acids in terms of efficacy. Citric acid ranked last. Formic acid/propionic acid mixtures showed superior activity in suppressing water hyacinth growth especially at the rate of (8 : 2) at the different examined concentrations (3 or 5 or 10%) compared to the formic acid/acetic acid mixtures. Using the formic acid/propionic acid mixture (8 : 2; at 3%) in the open field, provided good control and confirmed the viability of these chemicals in the effective control of water hyacinth. Eventually, these chemical treatments could be used on water for controlling water hyacinth. In the future, these chemicals could probably replace the traditional herbicides widely used in this regard. These chemicals are perceived as environmentally benign for their rapid degradation to carbon dioxide and water. For maximum efficiency thorough coverage especially in bright sunlight is essential.

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Kurugundla ◽  
B. Mathangwane ◽  
S. Sakuringwa ◽  
G. Katorah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Okavango Delta ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
The Government

Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world. Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards. With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals. The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies. The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously. These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH between 4.5 and 10.3 and in the range of conductivities between 20 and 580 µS cm-1. Range of soluble nitrates, phosphates and potassium in the habitats of salvinia infestations were 0.02 to 1.5, 0.01 to 1.78 and 0.3 to 6.92 mg L-1 respectively. Water lettuce infestation in the seasonal Selinda Canal had a maximum of 4.7 mg L-1 nitrates, 2.8 mg L-1 phosphates and 7.9 mg L-1 potassium. Nevertheless, these three nutrients were in the range of 0.41 to 9.56 mg L-1, 0.2 to 2.9 mg L-1, and 7.7 to 11.53 mg L-1 respectively in the Limpopo River where water hyacinth infestations were observed. These nutrients were considerably high during decomposition phase of biological control of weeds. The Government of Botswana “regulates the movement and importation of boats and aquatic apparatus, to prevent the importation and spread of aquatic weeds both within and from the neighboring countries” by “Aquatic Weed (Control) Act” implemented in 1986. These measures, combined with communities, conservation groups, NGOs and public awareness campaigns, have highlighted the gravity of aquatic weeds spreading into wetlands, dams and other water bodies. In conclusion, the Government of Botswana is committed and supportive through the Department of Water Affairs in protecting the wetlands of the country efficiently and prudently.

Potential of Biogas Production from Floating Aquatic Weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Enaboifo ◽  
O.C. Izinyon
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Retention Period

This study investigates the potential of biogas production from water hyacinth, water lettuce and water fern. Laboratory experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture laboratory, University of Benin, Nigeria. The aquatic weeds which are major constituents of the substrate were contained in the conical flasks used as digester. The cow dung and aquatic weeds were mixed in the ratio of 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4; and 1:5 in the different samples used for each of the three aquatic weeds and gas produced measured.The results obtained showed that no gas was produced in any of the flasks containing the aquatic weed within 21days. Gas production was however recorded in those with cow dung alone which gave 302ml of biogas within the 21 days retention period with an average of 21ml of gas produced within the active 14 days of production. The results also showed variations in gas production between daytime and night hours with minimal gas production recorded at night hours and peak production during the daytime. It was concluded that cow dung requires shorter retention time to initiate production of biogas when compared with that of the aquatic weeds and therefore can be used to sustained biogas production in aquatic weed at the early stage.

scholarly journals Feasibility of using Problematic Aquatic Weeds in Productive Manner by Generating Vermicompost in Coconut Triangle Area of Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Guinea Grass

Aquatic weeds cause severe productivity loss in agriculture. These plants invade lakes, ponds, rivers, canals and agricultural fields, becoming noxious weeds. The study was conducted at the vermicomposting unit of the Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, in the Low country Dry Zone of North Western province of Sri Lanka from August 2012 to May 2013 to find out the feasibility of producing vermicompost from three aquatic weeds; Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes and Lagenandra toxicaria. Vermicompost and compost were prepared separately from aquatic weeds and Gliricidia and Guinea grass combinations. During the vermicomposting process, growth parameters of earthworms; number of earthworms, was taken in every ten days interval further, physical, chemical and biological properties of compost and vermicompost were analyzed. Experiment was carried out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatment and five replicates in each treatment. Eichhornia and Salvinia recorded the highest adult earthworm number and juvenile number with the lowest mortality rate. Electrical conductivity (6.75 dSm-1), organic carbon (13.21%), phosphorous (3.61%), potassium (5.03%) and calcium (6.12%) were significantly high in Lagenandra toxicaria, Gliricidia and Guinea grass treatment was significantly high in nitrogen content (3.93%) and low in C: N ratio (2.51), compared to aquatic weeds. Salvinia showed comparatively higher nitrogen content and lower C: N ratio among aquatic weeds. Both Eichhornia and Lagenandra showed significantly higher microbial activity. Vermicompost was superior in all the properties compared to compost in the same substrate. The study revealed that aquatic weeds such as Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes and Lagenandra toxicaria which are readily available in the coconut triangle can be successfully used to produce Vermicompost. It can be concluded that the Vermicompost produced from aquatic weeds locally could be a suitable organic fertilizer for organic coconut farming in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Herbisida Formulasi pada Gulma Air di Lahan Rawa Tadah Hujan, Rawa Payau dan Saluran Drainase

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Risvan Anwar ◽  
Eka Suzanna ◽  
Djatmiko Djatmiko ◽  
Windi Sambaz Dwi Andika ◽  
Dan M. Tanu Gartiwo
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Drainage Channels

A series of studies had been carried out to create new types of herbicides. The studies had found six formulations ofherbicides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of herbicides formulation in controlling aquatic weeds. Theexperiment used a randomized complete block design with seven herbicide formulations as treatments and three replications.The seven formulations of herbicide were: Unihaz 1, Unihaz 2, Unihaz 3, Unihaz 4, Unihaz 5, Unihaz 6, and a control(glyphosate 2 kg ha-1). The results of the study found that there were 21 species of weed in rainfed swamps, ten species inbrackish swamps and one species namely water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in drainage channel. Herbicide formulationsof Unihaz 3, 4, 5, and 6 were effective in controlling aquatic weeds in rainfed swamps. Herbicide formulations of Unihaz 2, 3and 5 were effective in controlling aquatic weeds in brackish swamps. All herbicides formulations were effective in controllingweeds in drainage channels. Moreover, herbicide formulation of Unihaz 5 was more effective in controlling aquatic weeds inrainfed swamps, brackish swamps and drainage channels than other formulations, and it was not significantly different fromthe use of a glyphosate dose of 2 kg ha-1.Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, fermented coconut water, organic herbicide, new types of herbicides

Salvinia molesta (kariba weed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Parys ◽  
Alison Mikulyuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Human Health Impacts ◽  
The World ◽  
Kariba Weed

Abstract S. molesta is a free-floating aquatic plant native to south-eastern Brazil. It has been spread widely throughout the world during the past 50 years and is invasive in a variety of aquatic habitats, including lakes, rivers and rice paddies. Based on the environmental, economic and human health impacts, S. molesta ranks a close second behind water hyacinth on a list of the world's most noxious aquatic weeds. It has also been recently added onto the list of the world's 100 most invasive species.

Eradication programme for four noxious weeds in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
E.Yamoah NA ◽  
G.S.C. Gill ◽  
E. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Noxious Weeds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Educational Campaigns

The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) has targeted Salvinia molesta (salvinia) Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) and Moraea flaccida (cape tulip) for eradication under the national interest pest response (NIPR) programme These weeds are both notifiable and unwanted organisms under the Biosecurity Act 1993 The NIPR eradication programme consists of educational campaigns; enforcement of the Biosecurity Act which prohibits propagation planting sowing sale and distribution of the weeds; removal and destruction of the weeds from known infested sites; and monitoring those sites for regrowth Assessment over the past two decades shows that Johnson grass and cape tulip have responded well to management As at 2013 the number of active Johnson grass sites has reduced by 100 and cape tulip by 74 The number of active sites for water hyacinth and salvinia however keeps rising and falling thus prolonging eradication

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document