Effects of water stress on the chlorophyll content, nitrogen level and photosynthesis of leaves of two maize genotypes

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sanchez ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
N. Trapani ◽  
R. Cohen de Hunau
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Maize Genotypes

scholarly journals Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Esther Anokye ◽  
Samuel T. Lowor ◽  
Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽  
Francis K. Padi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals Water Stress Influence on The Vegetative Period Yield Components of Different Maize Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Cassyo de Araujo Rufino ◽  
Jucilayne Fernandes-Vieira ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
José Abreu Júnior ◽  
Lizandro Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress Influence

Maize is an important food staple in many countries, and is useful in animal feed and many industrial applications. Its productivity is highly sensitive to drought stress, which may occur at any period during its growth cycle. The objective of this work was to compare the water stress influence on the performance of different maize genotypes in critical vegetative stages. Four genotypes of maize (namely a single-cross hybrid (AG 9045), a double-cross hybrid (AG 9011), a triple-cross hybrid (AG 5011), and a variety (AL Bandeirante)) were subjected to a 10-day period without irrigation in the vegetative stages that determine the number of kernel rows and the plant’s ability to take up nutrients and water (V4, V6 and V8). The impact of low water availability was assessed by analyzing plant height, height of the first ear insertion, stem diameter, yield per plant, and number of rows per ear, evincing that the yield per plant was the most sensitive parameter in all the stages. With regard to the influence of the genotype, the single-cross hybrid was demonstrated to be the most resilient to water shortage.

Transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets improves systemic resistance of clonal networks to water stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wei ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Shulan Wu ◽  
Lihua Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Psii Activity ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Stress Signals

Previous studies have elucidated the mechanisms, ecological implications and constraints on transportation or sharing of defence signals among interconnected ramets of clonal plants suffering from localised herbivore damage. To our knowledge, few studies have been conducted to provide insights into the ecological implications on transportation or sharing of stress signals for clonal plants subjected to water stress. As a chemical elicitor, ABA can induce resistance response in plants suffering from water stress. A pot experiment was conducted to explore transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets by using clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas (L.) Urban with four successive ramets (oldest, old, mature and young) subjected to low water availability (20% soil moisture contents). Compared with control, foliar oxidative stress of the old, mature and young ramets significantly decreased, and antioxidant capacity was increased when exogenous ABA was applied to the oldest ramets. Meanwhile, foliar PSII activity and chlorophyll content of the old, mature and young ramets significantly increased. Compared with control, biomass accumulation and ratio of below-ground/aboveground biomass of whole clonal fragments were significantly increased by ABA application to the oldest ramets. However, similar patterns were not observed when exogenous ABA was applied to the young ramets. Our results show that transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets improves systemic resistance of clonal networks to water stress, which is dependent on directionality of vascular flows. Compared with the old or mature ramets, the young ramets displayed stronger resistance response (such as higher antioxidant enzymes activities and proline content, lower O2•− production rate and malondialdehyde content) to water stress as well as higher PSII activity and chlorophyll content when exogenous ABA was applied to the oldest ramets. Thus, transportation or sharing of stress signals may favour young ramets that are most valuable for growth and fitness of clonal plant subjected to environmental stress. It is suggested that transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets may confer clonal plants with considerable benefits in adapting to spatio-temporal heterogeneous habitats.

scholarly journals Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Suerlani Aparecida Ferreira Moreira ◽  
Pablo Fernando Santos Alves ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Corsato ◽  
Alcinei Mistico Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage. Drought is the main constraint on maize production in developing nations. Differences during development between genetic materials of maize grown under water restriction suggest that the plant can be improved with a view to its adaptation. In maize, sensitivity to water stress can occur at any stage of its phenological development. However, few studies report its effects on the vegetative phase of the cycle. On this basis, this study was conducted to examine how shoot and root-system indices are expressed in cultivation under water deficit as well as determine which indicators best explain the difference between hybrids in the evaluated water regimes. Commercial seeds of hybrids BR1055 and DKB-390 (drought-tolerant) and BRS1010 (drought-sensitive) were germinated in PVC tubes (1.0 m × 0.1 m) in a randomized complete block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment was developed in a greenhouse where two water regimes were tested: no water stress and with water stress from the VE stage. The soil consisted of quartz sand mixed with a commercial fertilizer. Stem and root traits were evaluated up to the V5 growth stage. Relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, stem length, phenology, shoot dry biomass, root length, root dry biomass, root surface area, root volume and D95 were responsive to water deficit. The parameters that allowed the distinction between the hybrids in water the regimes were relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, phenology and average root diameter.

scholarly journals Productivity of Selected African Leafy Vegetables under Varying Water Regimes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Innocent Maseko ◽  
Bhekumthetho Ncube ◽  
Samson Tesfay ◽  
Melake Fessehazion ◽  
Albert Thembinkosi Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Content Index ◽  
African Leafy Vegetables

African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are nutrient dense and can contribute to crop and dietary diversity, especially in water-stressed environments. However, research on their productivity under limited water availability remains scant. The objective of the study was to evaluate growth, physiology and yield responses of three ALVs (Vigna unguiculata, Corchorus. Olitorius and Amaranthus cruentus) and a reference vegetable (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) to varying water regimes [30%, 60% and 100% of crop water requirement (ETc)]. Field trials using a randomised complete block design, replicated three times, were conducted over two summer seasons, 2015/16 and 2016/17. Leaf number, plant height, chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), and yield were measured in situ. For A. cruentus and C. olitorius, water stress (30% ETc) was shown to produce a lower yield, although leaf number, plant height and chlorophyll content index were unaffected, while for B. vulgaris, leaf number and yield were reduced by water stress. For V. unguiculata, CF, CCI, plant height, leaf number, and yield were not affected by water stress, indicating its suitability for production in water scarce environments. Using 60% ETc was suitable for the production of A. cruentus, C. olitorius and B. vulgaris var. cicla, whereas 30% ETc is recommended for V. unguiculata. The yield results of V. unguiculata indicate that it performs better, while the yield of A. cruentus and C. olitorius is comparable to that of B. vulgaris under similar conditions, indicating potential for marginal production.

scholarly journals Effects of Severe Water Stress on Maize Growth Processes in the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libing Song ◽  
Jiming Jin ◽  
Jianqiang He
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Maize Plants

In this study, we investigated the effects of water stress on the growth and yield of summer maize (Zea mays L.) over four phenological stages: Seedling, jointing, heading, and grain-filling. Water stress treatments were applied during each of these four stages in a water-controlled field in the Guanzhong Plain, China between 2013 and 2016. We found that severe water stress during the seedling stage had a greater effect on the growth and development of maize than stress applied during the other three stages. Water stress led to lower leaf area index (LAI) and biomass owing to reduced intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE). These effects extended to the reproductive stage and eventually reduced the unit kernel weight and yield. In addition, the chlorophyll content in the leaf remained lower, even though irrigation was applied partially or fully after the seedling stage. Severe and prolonged water stress in maize plants during the seedling stage may damage the structure of the photosynthetic membrane, resulting in lower chlorophyll content, and therefore RUE, than those in the plants that did not experience water stress at the seedling stage. Maize plants with such damage did not show a meaningful recovery even when irrigation levels during the rest of the growth period were the same as those applied to the plants not subjected to water stress. The results of our field experiments suggest that an unrecoverable yield loss could occur if summer maize were exposed to severe and extended water stress events during the seedling stage.

scholarly journals Comparison of Strawberry F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa in Response to Water Stress: II. Leaf Fluorescence, Chlorophyll Content, and 4th-derivative Spectra

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601d-601
Author(s):  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Stephen F. Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Stress Development ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Derivative Spectra ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Water

Leaf fluorescence characteristics, chlorophyll (Chl) content and 4th-derivative spectra were measured six times before, during, and after water stress development in F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa grown in growth chambers. The younger strawberry leaves under water stress maintained higher Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl contents than those under nonstressed conditions, while the older ones lost Chl quickly under water stress and then died. In comparison to F. ×ananassa, F. chiloensis had significantly higher Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl contents and peak amplitudes of Cb 630 and Ca 693 in 4th-derivative spectra under stressed and nonstressed conditions. The differences in peak amplitude of Ca 693 between the two species increased under water stress. Fq was the most sensitive fluorescence characteristic to water stress and was reduced significantly under stress. Fm and Fv decreased significantly under more severe water stress. A reduction in Fv suggests that severe water stress might cause thylakoid damage and photoinhibition in the leaves, which resulted in a very depressed CO2 assimilation level. F. chiloensis had significantly higher Ft and Fq before and under water stress development (but not after stress recovery) than F. ×ananassa.

scholarly journals DROUGHT-TOLERANT MAIZE GENOTYPES INVEST IN ROOT SYSTEM AND MAINTAIN HIGH HARVEST INDEX DURING WATER STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
RONIEL GERALDO AVILA ◽  
PAULO CESÁR MAGALHÃES ◽  
AMAURI ALVES DE ALVARENGA ◽  
ALYNE DE OLIVEIRA LAVINSKY ◽  
CLEIDE NASCIMENTO CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Source Sink

ABSTRACT – Drought is considered the primary limitation to agriculture and, can reduce grain yield by up to 60%when occurs at pre-flowering in maize. In this context this research, aimed to understand the maize genotypes behaviorto drought management and carbon partitioning between grain production and structures to maintain hydration whensubmitted to drought. Maize genotypes tolerant (DKB390 and P30F35) and sensitive (BRS1010 and 2B710) to droughtwere grown in a greenhouse using two water conditions: irrigated and stressed. Water deficit was imposed atpre-flowering and maintained for twelve days. Leaf water potential, gaseous exchange and male and female floweringinterval were evaluated. At the end of the cycle, production components and root/shoot ratio dry weight were evaluated.Drought-tolerant genotypes used root system as a mechanism of tolerance to drought, which ensure greater efficiencyin absorption and loss of water and, consequently, greater stomatal conductance during the drought, compared to thesensitive-genotypes. In addition, drought-tolerant genotypes showed greater stability in the source-sink relationship,exhibiting higher photosynthetic rate and harvest index.Keywords: water stress, carbon partitioning; root/shoot ratio dry weight, gas exchanges, Zea mays.GENÓTIPOS DE MILHO TOLERANTES À SECA INVESTEM EM SISTEMA RADICULARE MANTEM ALTO ÍNDICE DE COLHEITA DURANTE O ESTRESSE HÍDRICORESUMO- A seca é considerada restrição primária à agricultura, e no milho, quando ocorre no pré-florescimento,pode reduzir o rendimento de grãos em até 60%. Neste contexto, objetivou-se entender como genótipos de milhocontrastantes para tolerância à seca, gerenciam o particionamento de carbono entre produção de grãos e estruturasde manutenção da hidratação durante a seca. Para isso, em casa de vegetação cultivaram-se genótipos de milhotolerantes (DKB390 e P30F35) e sensíveis (BRS1010 e 2B710) à seca, em duas condições hídricas: irrigadonormal e déficit hídrico. No pré-florecimento foi imposto o déficit hídrico, que foi mantido por doze dias.Posteriormente avaliou-se o potencial hídrico foliar, trocas gasosas e intervalo de florescimento masculino e feminino.No final do ciclo, avaliaram-se os componentes de produção e a razão raiz/parte aérea. Constatou-se que, genótipostolerantes utilizaram preferencialmente sistema radicular como um mecanismo de tolerância à seca, o que garantiu aesses genótipos, maior eficiência entre a absorção e perda de água e, consequentemente, maior condutância estomáticadurante a seca, em relação aos genótipos sensíveis. Além disso, os genótipos tolerantes apresentaram maior equilíbrioem suas relações fonte e dreno, exibindo maiores taxa fotossintética e índice de colheita.Palavras-chave: estresse hídrico, particionamento de carbono, razão raiz/parte aérea, trocas gasosas, Zea mays.                                                     

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