Use of dust storm observations on satellite images to identify areas vulnerable to severe wind erosion

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. Breed ◽  
John F. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Satellite Images

The Dust Storm Index (DSI): A method for monitoring broadscale wind erosion using meteorological records

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O’Loingsigh ◽  
G.H. McTainsh ◽  
E.K. Tews ◽  
C.L. Strong ◽  
J.F. Leys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Storm Index

scholarly journals Investigation of dust storms in Ilam and the performance analysis of simulation of 6 numerical prediction models at a severe dust storm in west of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Karami ◽  
Nasim Hossein Hamzeh ◽  
Faezeh Noori ◽  
Abbas Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Statistical Investigation ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Surface Dust ◽  
Dust Dispersion ◽  
Meteorological Problems

Introduction: Many countries encounter dust storms phenomenon that is one of the meteorological problems leading to many disturbances. Materials and methods: Although the dust storm is historically recorded as an old event in some provinces of Iran, but it becomes a new event in some parts such as Ilam province. Results: After statistical investigation of dust storms in Ilam province, the dust storm from 3td to 6th July 2016 are studied. The source of this dust storm was the eastern areas of Syria and central Iraq base on the satellite images, the outputs of HYSPLIT and WRF-Chem models. Conclusion: Model outputs in intensity of surface dust concentration of MACC-ECMWF, NASA-GEOS, NCEP-NGAC, NMMB-BSC, and BSCDREAM8b models are compared to the observation data in Ilam city and results show that NASA-GEOS model has better performance. In display of dust dispersion on Iran, the middle of all models is more compatible with reality.

scholarly journals Dust storms – what do they really cost?

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tozer ◽  
J. Leys
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
The Impact

Dust storms are frequent in Australia and can have a large impact on the soil resource, the economy and people. There have been few economic studies of the impact of wind erosion worldwide and only one in Australia before this study. While wind erosion impacts on the soil resource at the point of the erosion, the level of economic impact rises as the population and associated infrastructure affected by dust increases. This study estimates the impact on the economy of the state of New South Wales of a single large dust storm called Red Dawn that passed over the eastern coast of Australia on 23 September 2009. Estimates for rural and urban areas are presented with both on- and off-site costs evaluated. The estimated cost is A$299 million (with a range of A$293–A$313 million) with most of the cost being associated with household cleaning and associated activities. The dust storm also impacted on many cities on the coast of the state of Queensland, but their costs are not included in this study. This study demonstrates some, but not all, of the major economic costs associated with wind erosion in Australia. Given the annual average cost of dust storms it is suggested that A$9 million per year would be a conservative estimate of the level of investment required in rural areas for dust mitigation strategies, based on improved land management that could be justified to achieve a positive impact on soil condition and reduce economic losses in rural towns and the more populous coastal cities.

scholarly journals Identifying dust springs using WRF-Chem model and GOCART and AFWA wind erosion schemas (simulated dust storm on 05/22/2018)

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Farshad Soleimani Sardoo ◽  
Tayebeh Mesbahzadeh ◽  
Ali Salajeghe ◽  
Gholamreza Zehtabian ◽  
Abbas Ranjbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion

scholarly journals Soil erosion as a factor of desertification of agrolandscapes in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tarariko ◽  
T. Ilienko ◽  
T. Kuchma ◽  
O. Bilokin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Regional Governments

The description of the typical structure of agricultural landscapes of Ukraine and the most common degradation processes are given. Water and wind erosion are considered as one of the largest contributors to soil degradation in Ukraine, accompanied by declining soil fertility, moisture loss to surface runoff, air and surface water pollution, and degradation of small rivers. The sown areas of main crops for 1990–2020 are analysed per administrative oblast according to the State Statistical Service of Ukraine. A global long-term satellite remote sensing land surface temperature dataset (NOAA AVHRR) was used to analyse the dynamics of the average sum of effective temperatures for the vegetation season in 1982–2019. Sentinel-5P satellite data was used to analyse the spread and exposure of a large-scale dust storm in Polissya region in April 2020. As a result of climate change and economic factors, the area under corn and sunflower has been significantly increased. Due to the increased frequency of stormy rains and strong wind under climate change, the conditions for intensification of water and wind erosion in agricultural landscapes has been created. The local manifestation of wind erosion is typical for Polissya, mainly on overdried peat bogs and cohesive-sandy soils. But in the spring of 2020 a large-scale dust storm was observed for the first time on the territory of Ukrainian and Belarusian Polissya on the area of about 3.5 million hectares.The growing risk of soil erosion due to the climate change and current agricultural practices requires the improvement not only of the state land management system, but also the agri-environmental monitoring system, scientific methodical and information-advisory support of regional governments, landowners and land users. In order to implement state policy and coordinate the work on the rational use and protection of soils, combating their desertification and degradation, as well as adaptation of land use systems to climate change, it is proposed to establish the governing body «Monitoring, land management and soil protection» on the basis of existing specialized units of central and regional governments in the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Meteorological Analysis of Severe Dust Storm over Middle East

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farah Hasseb Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Pressure System

across the Middle East but usually focus on Iraq and the Arabian Gulf region where clouds of sand are whipped up from arid areas. On 6 to 9 September 2015, a massive dust storm whipped across at least seven countries in the Middle East and enveloped the east Mediterranean. The storm was unusual for this time of year. The aim of this work is to investigate the meteorological conditions that led to the formation and spreading of the storm. Satellite images, aerosols index, surface and upper air weather maps were analyzed for the period of the storm. Satellite images indicated that the huge dust storm was a result of two merged storms, one came from the Syrian Desert and the second initiated over the Sanai Peninsula. Results showed that the region was dominated by a low-pressure system. Two thermal convection lows, which developed just above the Syrian Desert and the Sanai Peninsula, are believed to be main cause of lifting up dust from ground surface. The strong ridge dominated the region indicated that there were a warm and dry weather conditions at the surface. The results also indicated that the horizontal wind patterns, both surface and 850 hPa pressure levels have spread dust all over the region. The 850 hPa pressure vertical wind was notably negative (ascending air) over the two source areas of dust, while the vertical wind was positive (descending air) above the east Mediterranean and the coastal countries. This situation of descending air made dust to travel near the earth surface.

scholarly journals Effect of Rainfall Quantity on the Frequency of Severe Dust Storm in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Ibrahim I. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed F. Hassoon
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normal Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Elements

The dust storms and their recurrence are common phenomena in Iraq because it suffers from the exploitation of mankind to the natural environment and to the deterioration of vegetation and soil which responsible to the exposure of the soil to wind erosion leading to dust phenomena. Rain is one of the most influential climatic elements in reducing and minimizing the impact of dust storms. The amount of rainfall in Iraq is relatively small, where most of the year is not rainy. This in turn increases the dryness of the soil and increases the formation of dust storms. In this research data of (visibility, wind speed and direction and total rain amount) from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology were analyzed for nine stations spread across the country (Mosul, Kirkuk, Haditha, Baghdad, Rutba, Nukhayb, Najaf, Amara and Nasiriya) for the period from 2001 - 2017 to compare annually severe dust storms with rainy seasons. Drought seasons were also determined using the percent of normal rainfall (PN) method. It was found that there was an inverse relationship between rainfall and severe dust storms, (according to Pearson’s correlation coefficient) where it was noticed that the highest amount of rainfall was in Mosul station with a total of 5231.6mm during the study period with only 6 severe dust storms during the same period. In other hand the lowest amount of rainfall was in Nukhayb station 1304.6mm during the study period with 62 severe dust storms.

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