M�glichkeiten und Grenzen einer Artdifferenzierung der Larven von Ascaris lumbricoides suis, Parascaris equorum, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati und Toxascaris leonina in histologischen Schnitten beim nicht ad�quaten Wirt (Maus) II. Teil

1964 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lamina
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Observations on the Incidence ofToxocaraandToxascarisin Dogs and Cats from the London Area

1965 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Using an autopsy method of examination, an incidence of infection withToxocara canisin 250 dogs was 6·4% and withToxascaris leoninait was 2%. Of 100 cats examined, 8% harbouredToxocara catiand 3%Toxascaris leonina. Other British records concerning the incidence of the dog parasites are discussed and attention is drawn to certain reservations that must be placed on their acceptance.

Intraspecific variation between the ITS sequences of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina from different host species in south-western Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fogt-Wyrwas ◽  
H. Mizgajska-Wiktor ◽  
J. Pacoń ◽  
W. Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractSome parasitic nematodes can inhabit different definitive hosts, which raises the question of the intraspecific variability of the nematode genotype affecting their preferences to choose particular species as hosts. Additionally, the issue of a possible intraspecific DNA microheterogeneity in specimens from different parts of the world seems to be interesting, especially from the evolutionary point of view. The problem was analysed in three related species – Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina – specimens originating from Central Europe (Poland). Using specific primers for species identification, internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 and ITS-2 regions were amplified and then sequenced. The sequences obtained were compared with sequences previously described for specimens originating from other geographical locations. No differences in nucleotide sequences were established in T. canis isolated from two different hosts (dogs and foxes). A comparison of ITS sequences of T. canis from Poland with sequences deposited in GenBank showed that the scope of intraspecific variability of the species did not exceed 0.4%, while in T. cati the differences did not exceed 2%. Significant differences were found in T. leonina, where ITS-1 differed by 3% and ITS-2 by as much as 7.4% in specimens collected from foxes in Poland and dogs in Australia. Such scope of differences in the nucleotide sequence seems to exceed the intraspecific variation of the species.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of Toxocara spp. in stray cats and dogs in Van province, Eastern Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Oguz ◽  
Nalan Ozdal ◽  
M. Serdar Deger
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractIntroductionToxocara canis and Toxocara cati are roundworms of dogs and cats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the infection caused by these ascarids in cats and dogs, using microscopic and molecular analysis methods.Material and MethodsAdult ascarids were gathered from the faeces of dogs and cats in Van province, in 2015–2016. Existing keys and PCR sequencing of the ITS-2 fragment were used to identify the morphological features of the parasite species.ResultsIt was observed that out of 20 adult ascarids, 17 and 3 were found to be Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, respectively. The ITS-2 gene region was amplified by PCR to perform molecular analysis. Genotyping indicated that the dogs and cats were infected with T. canis and T. cati, respectively, and none had Toxascaris leonina.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular characteristics of adult ascaridoid nematodes from cats and dogs in Turkey. The molecular approaches established in this study enable molecular identification and genetic structure studies of the ascaridoids.

Comparison of isolates and species ofToxocaraandToxascarisby biosynthetic labelling of somatic and ES proteins from infective larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Page ◽  
D. T. Richards ◽  
J. W. Lewis ◽  
H. M. Omar ◽  
R. M. Maizels
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Toxocara Vitulorum ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Specific Reactivity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Infective-stage larvae of three different isolates ofToxocara caniswere intrinsically ([35S]methionine) labelled in culture, to determine the presence of similarities or differences in the somatic and ES antigens expressed between larvae derived from different hosts and different geographical regions. Two other closely related ascaridids,Toxascaris leoninawhich infects cats and dogs, andToxocara vitulorum(Neoascaris vitulorum) which infects cattle, were also compared toT. canislarvae by this method. Overall comparisons were made by 1- and 2-dimensional electrophoresis, while immunological cross-reactivities between the different species were analysed by radio-immunoprecipitation. Our results show that extensive physicochemical characteristics are shared betweenT. canisisolates, both from different hosts and different geographical locations. A substantial overlap was revealed whenT. canisandT. vitulorumantigens were compared, whereasToxascariswas found to produce a distinct antigen profile: this result was independent of whether methionine- or Iodogen-labelled products were being considered. Antigen recognition by polyclonal antibodies raised to all three species and to the cat ascarididToxocara cati, revealed considerable cross-reactivities. The cross-reactions were especially prominent between theToxocaraspecies, a fact further substantiated when reactivity ofT. canisES-specific monoclonal antibodies were tested againstT. leoninaandT. vitulorumantigens. The ES antigens ofT. leoninawere not recognized by theT. canismonoclonals, whereas the majority of these antibodies precipitated antigens ofT. vitulorum. One which did not react withT. vitulorumwas monoclonal antibody Tcn 2, indicating its species-specific reactivity and therefore its potential for the specific diagnosis of human toxocariasis.

Sequence variation in mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes of ascaridoid nematodes in cats and dogs from Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mikaeili ◽  
H. Mirhendi ◽  
M. Mohebali ◽  
M. Hosseini ◽  
M. Sharbatkhori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractThe study was conducted to determine the sequence variation in two mitochondrial genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (pnad1) within and among isolates of Toxocara cati, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina. Genomic DNA was extracted from 32 isolates of T. cati, 9 isolates of T. canis and 19 isolates of T. leonina collected from cats and dogs in different geographical areas of Iran. Mitochondrial genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequence data were aligned using the BioEdit software and compared with published sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Based on pairwise comparison, intra-species genetic diversity within Iranian isolates of T. cati, T. canis and T. leonina amounted to 0–2.3%, 0–1.3% and 0–1.0% for pcox1 and 0–2.0%, 0–1.7% and 0–2.6% for pnad1, respectively. Inter-species sequence variation among the three ascaridoid nematodes was significantly higher, being 9.5–16.6% for pcox1 and 11.9–26.7% for pnad1. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the pcox1 and pnad1 genes indicated that there is significant genetic diversity within and among isolates of T. cati, T. canis and T. leonina from different areas of Iran, and these genes can be used for studying genetic variation of ascaridoid nematodes.

scholarly journals Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okulewicz ◽  
A. Perec-Matysiak ◽  
K. Buńkowska ◽  
J. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractAscarididae nematodes of genera Toxocara and Toxascaris are of significant epizootic relevance among predatory mammals from families Canidae and Felidae. Localization of these nematodes in the definitive hosts, their morphology, as well as the measurements of eggs and adult worms are similar. Recently, molecular techniques have provided alternative approaches for the identification of ascarid species. A common feature of the life cycles of these generally monoxenous nematodes is the significant participation of small rodents. In case of Toxocara spp., the rodent plays the role of paratenic host but optional intermediate host for T. leonina. Several studies indicate co-occurence of both T. canis and T. leonina in domestic and wild canids as well as T. cati and T. leonina in felids. Although the infections of humans with T. canis and T. cati are common worldwide, larvae of T. leonina has the potential to cause human disease as emerging zoonosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Vafae Eslahi ◽  
Milad Badri ◽  
Ali Khorshidi ◽  
Hamidreza Majidiani ◽  
Elham Hooshmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Weighted Prevalence ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Abstract Background Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic disease caused by species of Toxocara and Toxascaris, common in dogs and cats. Herein, a meta-analysis was contrived to assess the prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in carnivore and human hosts in different regions of Iran from April 1969 to June 2019. Methods The available online articles of English (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Ovid) and Persian (SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Iran Doc) databases and also the articles that presented in held parasitology congresses of Iran were involved. Results The weighted prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.0–31.0%) and 32.6% (95% CI: 22.6–43.4%), respectively. Also, pooled prevalence in jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was 23.3% (95% CI: 7.7–43.2%) and 69.4% (95% CI: 60.3–77.8%), correspondingly. Weighted mean prevalence of human cases with overall 28 records was 9.3% (95% CI: 6.3–13.1%). The weighted prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina was represented as 13.8% (95% CI: 9.8–18.3%), 28.5% (95% CI: 20–37.7%) and 14.3% (95% CI: 8.1–22.0%), respectively. Conclusion Our meta-analysis results illustrate a considerable prevalence rate of Toxocara/Toxascaris, particularly in cats and dogs of northern parts of Iran. The presence of suitable animal hosts, optimum climate and close contact of humans and animals would have been the reason for higher seroprevalence rates of human cases in our region. Given the significance clinical outcomes of human Toxocara/Toxascaris, necessary measures should be taken.

Prevalence of Toxocara canis ova in public playgrounds in the Dublin area of Ireland

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O'Lorcain
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractA total of nine playground sites in Dublin city and county were surveyed from which 228 samples were removed. Of these samples, 15% were positive for Toxocara canis ova and a mean egg density of 1.4 ova/100 g was calculated. Two types of playground sites were identified and that the level of toxocaral contamination was found to be greater in ‘neighbourhood playgrounds’ than in ‘adventure playgrounds’. There was no significant difference in the number of positive samples taken from sites both inside and outside these playgrounds. No evidence of Toxocara cati ova was found. Only one sample was positive for Toxascaris leonina ova. Over 50% of the T. canis ova identified were infective. The findings in this study suggest that the sample's moisture content contributes to the long term survival of infective Toxocara ova in the environment. A recovery rate of 69.8% was achieved with a modified version of the flotation method.

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