Role of ovarian follicle cells in vitellogenesis and oocyte resorption inCapitella sp. I (Polychaeta)

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Eckelbarger ◽  
P. A. Linley ◽  
J. P. Grassle
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Oocyte Resorption

scholarly journals Drosophila insulin-like peptide 8 (DILP8) in ovarian follicle cells regulates ovulation and metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sifang Liao ◽  
Dick R. Nässel
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Efferent Neurons

AbstractIn Drosophila eight insulin-like peptides (DILP1-8) are encoded on separate genes. These DILPs are characterized by unique spatial and temporal expression patterns during the lifecycle. Whereas functions of several of the DILPs have been extensively investigated at different developmental stages, the role of DILP8 signaling is primarily known from larvae and pupae where it couples organ growth and developmental transitions. In adult female flies, a study showed that a specific set of neurons that express the DILP8 receptor, Lgr3, is involved in regulation of reproductive behavior. Here, we further investigated the expression of dilp8/DILP8 and Lgr3 in adult female flies and the functional role of DILP8 signaling. The only site where we found both dilp8 expression and DILP8 immunolabeling was in follicle cells of mature ovaries. Lgr3 expression was detected in numerous neurons in the brain and ventral nerve cord, a small set of peripheral neurons innervating the abdominal heart, as well as in a set of follicle cells close to the oviduct. Ovulation was affected in dilp8 mutants as well as after dilp8-RNAi using dilp8 and follicle cell Gal4 drivers. More eggs were retained in the ovaries and fewer were laid, indicating that DILP8 is important for ovulation. Our data suggest that DILP8 signals locally to Lgr3 expressing follicle cells as well as systemically to Lgr3 expressing efferent neurons in abdominal ganglia that innervate oviduct muscle. Thus, DILP8 may act at two targets to regulate ovulation: follicle cell rupture and oviduct contractions. Furthermore, we could show that manipulations of dilp8 expression affect food intake and starvation resistance. Possibly this reflects a feedback signaling between ovaries and the CNS that ensures nutrients for ovary development. In summary, it seems that DILP8 signaling in regulation of reproduction is an ancient function, conserved in relaxin signaling in mammals.

scholarly journals In vivo imaging reveals an essential role of vasoconstriction in rupture of the ovarian follicle at ovulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 2294-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando F. Migone ◽  
Robert G. Cowan ◽  
Rebecca M. Williams ◽  
Kiersten J. Gorse ◽  
Warren R. Zipfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Endothelin Receptor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Follicle Rupture

Rupture of the ovarian follicle releases the oocyte at ovulation, a timed event that is critical for fertilization. It is not understood how the protease activity required for rupture is directed with precise timing and localization to the outer surface, or apex, of the follicle. We hypothesized that vasoconstriction at the apex is essential for rupture. The diameter and blood flow of individual vessels and the thickness of the apical follicle wall were examined over time to expected ovulation using intravital multiphoton microscopy. Vasoconstriction of apical vessels occurred within hours preceding follicle rupture in wild-type mice, but vasoconstriction and rupture were absent inAmhr2cre/+SmoM2mice in which follicle vessels lack the normal association with vascular smooth muscle. Vasoconstriction is not simply a response to reduced thickness of the follicle wall; vasoconstriction persisted in wild-type mice when thinning of the follicle wall was prevented by infusion of protease inhibitors into the ovarian bursa. Ovulation was inhibited by preventing the periovulatory rise in the expression of the vasoconstrictor endothelin 2 by follicle cells of wild-type mice. In these mice, infusion of vasoconstrictors (either endothelin 2 or angiotensin 2) into the bursa restored the vasoconstriction of apical vessels and ovulation. Additionally, infusion of endothelin receptor antagonists into the bursa of wild-type mice prevented vasoconstriction and follicle rupture. Processing tissue to allow imaging at increased depth through the follicle and transabdominal ultrasonography in vivo showed that decreased blood flow is restricted to the apex. These results demonstrate that vasoconstriction at the apex of the follicle is essential for ovulation.

Drosophila chorion gene amplification: a model system for the study of chromosome replication

1984 ◽  
Vol 307 (1132) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Model System ◽  
P Element ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Chorion Genes ◽  
Specific Amplification

Two chromosomal domains of 80-100 kilobases containing Drosophila chorion genes undergo tissue-specific amplification in ovarian follicle cells during oogenesis. We have investigated the ability of small segments of DNA from within these regions to induce amplification after insertion into new chromosomal sites by P element-mediated transformation. Certain transduced chorion DNA sequences initiated a pattern of tissue-specific differential replication that was identical to norm al chorion amplification. Both the transformed chorion DNA as well as flanking rosy DNA sequences underw ent amplification. O ur results suggest that differential chorion DNA replication is mediated by specific origin-containing sequences located near the centre of the amplified domains. The possible role of such sequences in normal programmes of replication is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Ecto-ATP Diphosphohydrolase in Ovarian Follicle Cells of the Starfish Asterina pectinifera

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Mita ◽  
Michiyasu Yoshikuni ◽  
Yoshitaka Nagahama
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Atp Diphosphohydrolase ◽  
Asterina Pectinifera

scholarly journals The Signaling Pathways Involved in Ovarian Follicle Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Li ◽  
Xiaojin Shi ◽  
Yun Shi ◽  
Zhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
High Possibility

The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary, which is composed of three types of cells: oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells. Ovarian follicle development and the subsequent ovulation process are coordinated by highly complex interplay between endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signals, which coordinate steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. Follicle development is regulated mainly by three organs, the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and gonad, which make up the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Steroid hormones and their receptors play pivotal roles in follicle development and participate in a series of classical signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize and compare the role of classical signaling pathways, such as the WNT, insulin, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways, in ovarian follicle development and the underlying regulatory mechanism. We have also found that these four signaling pathways all interact with FOXO3, a transcription factor that is widely known to be under control of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and has been implicated as a major signaling pathway in the regulation of dormancy and initial follicular activation in the ovary. Although some of these interactions with FOXO3 have not been verified in ovarian follicle cells, there is a high possibility that FOXO3 plays a core role in follicular development and is regulated by classical signaling pathways. In this review, we present these signaling pathways from a comprehensive perspective to obtain a better understanding of the follicular development process.

scholarly journals SUN-736 Knockout of Membrane Androgen Receptor ZIP9 Results in Reduced Female Fecundity and Abnormal Egg Activation in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Converse ◽  
Peter Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Zinc Transporter ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Egg Activation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Membrane Androgen Receptor

Abstract Recently, our research group cloned and characterized a putative membrane androgen receptor from teleost ovarian tissue that was found to be homologous with the zinc transporter protein ZIP9 (Slc39a9). To date, ZIP9 is the only zinc transporter that is known to be ligand activated or possess steroid receptor activity. Since the discovery of its androgen receptor activity, ZIP9 has been found to mediate androgen actions in a variety of tissues including teleost ovarian follicle cells, human cancer cell lines, and murine Sertoli cells. However, ZIP9 has not been examined in an in vivo model so the precise physiological functions of this receptor remain unclear. A ZIP9-mutant strain of zebrafish was developed using a CRISPR-Cas9 system in order to examine the role of the protein in teleost reproduction. While ZIP9-mutant males had similar breeding occurrence and fertilization rates to wild-type fish, mutant females exhibited severe reductions in fecundity compared to wild-type fish. ZIP9-mutant females spawn significantly fewer eggs of which a high proportion failed to undergo chorion elevation, a characteristic of normal egg activation. Eggs that showed this failed chorion elevation phenotype had significantly lower fertilization rates and produced larvae that exhibit a high incidence of pericardial/yolk sac edema and reduced growth compared to larvae hatched from wild-type eggs. However, no differences were observed in the proportions of oocytes at later stages of development between ZIP9-mutant and wild-type fish, suggesting the observed phenotypes are not related to abnormal oogenesis. We observed that mature wild-type eggs have numerous cortically located vesicles that are autofluorescent under ultraviolet light and decrease in number when the eggs undergo activation, suggesting they undergo exocytosis during the cortical reaction. While zinc is known to be stored in vesicles that undergo exocytosis in mammalian eggs, the role of zinc in teleost egg activation is currently unknown. In eggs from wild-type fish, we observed an increase in extracellular zinc levels upon egg activation and treatment with a zinc ionophore (zinc pyrithione) significantly reduced the number of eggs that undergo normal chorion elevation when activated. This suggests a role for zinc in zebrafish egg activation similar to that observed in mammals. Of interest, ZIP9-mutant eggs that did not undergo chorion elevation had significantly smaller vesicles than those found in wild-type fish eggs. This abnormal vesicle morphology and failure to undergo chorion elevation suggest a role of ZIP9 in egg activation. Additional insight into the role of zinc in zebrafish egg activation and the mechanism by which ZIP9 disruption leads to abnormal cortical vesicles and egg activation will help determine if ZIP9 plays a role in zinc transport and flux in zebrafish eggs during activation.

scholarly journals Graft-versus-host disease targets ovary and causes female infertility in mice

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonoko Shimoji ◽  
Daigo Hashimoto ◽  
Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa ◽  
Kohta Miyawaki ◽  
Koji Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
T Cell Infiltration ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Key Points

Key Points GVHD mediates donor T-cell infiltration and apoptosis of the ovarian follicle cells, leading to ovarian insufficiency and infertility. Ovarian insufficiency and infertility are independent of conditioning, and pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis preserves fertility.

Contrasting effects of the Toll-like receptor 4 in determining ovarian follicle endowment and fertility in female adult mice

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Júlio Panzera Gonçalves ◽  
Breno Augusto Magalhães ◽  
Paulo Henrique Almeida Campos-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Cumulus Oocyte Complex ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is best known for its role in bacteria-produced lipopolysaccharide recognition. Regarding female reproduction, TLR4 is expressed by murine cumulus cells and participates in ovulation and in cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) expansion, maternal–fetal interaction and preterm labour. Despite these facts, the role of TLR4 in ovarian physiology is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TLR4 genetic ablation on mice folliculogenesis and female fertility, through analysis of reproductive crosses, ovarian responsiveness and follicular quantification in TLR4−/− (n = 94) and C57BL/6 mice [wild type (WT), n = 102]. TLR4-deficient pairs showed a reduced number of pups per litter (P = 0.037) compared with WT. TLR4−/− mice presented more primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles (P < 0.001), however there was no difference in estrous cyclicity (P > 0.05). A lower (P = 0.006) number of COC was recovered from TLR4−/− mice oviducts after superovulation, and in heterozygous pairs, TLR4−/− females also showed a reduction in the pregnancy rate and in the number of fetuses per uterus (P = 0.007) when compared with WT. Altogether, these data suggest that TLR4 plays a role in the regulation of murine folliculogenesis and in determining ovarian endowment. TLR4 deficiency may affect ovulation and pregnancy rates, potentially decreasing fertility, therefore the potential side effects of its blockade have to be carefully investigated.

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