The relationship between population density, automobile ownership and automobile use: Its role in transportation planning ?a comment

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gordon ◽  
R. S. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Automobile Ownership ◽  
Automobile Use ◽  
The Relationship

Automobile Ownership and Use in Neotraditional and Conventional Neighborhoods

2005 ◽  
Vol 1902 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shay ◽  
Asad J. Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Automobile Ownership ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Automobile Use ◽  
The Relationship

Although the commonly accepted link between automobile ownership and automobile use has inspired some municipalities to experiment with neighborhood design in an attempt to influence both automobile ownership and travel behavior, the underlying relationship between neighborhood design and automobile ownership is still unclear. Evidence suggests that automobile ownership is tightly linked to income and household size and is less responsive to urban design. This research uses data from a matched pair of neighborhoods–-one conventional and one neotraditional–-to consider the relationship between neighborhood design and automobile ownership and the relationship between these factors and automobile use. Statistically significant differences were found for automobile ownership in the two neighborhoods. In addition, there were clear differences in automobile use–-residents of neotraditional developments made fewer automobile trips, traveled fewer miles in their vehicles, and spent less time driving. This has implications for planning strategies that may help reduce automobile trips and miles separately from changes in automobile ownership.

Accessibility and Intraurban Travel

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hanson ◽  
M Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Trip Frequency ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Automobile Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Travel Distances

This paper contains an examination of the fundamental assumption underlying the use of accessibility indicators: that an individual's travel behavior is related to his or her location vis-à-vis the distribution of potential activity sites. First, the conceptual and measurement issues surrounding accessibility and its relationship to travel are reviewed; then, an access measure for individuals is formulated. Using data from the Uppsala (Sweden) Household Travel Survey and controlling for sex, automobile availability, and employment status, the authors explore the relationship between both home- and work-based accessibility and five aspects of an individual's travel: mode use, trip frequencies and travel distances for discretionary purposes, trip complexity, travel in conjunction with the journey to work, and size of the activity space. From the results it can be seen that although all of these travel characteristics are related to accessibility to some degree, the travel–accessibility relationship is not as strong as deductive formulations have implied. High accessibility levels are associated with higher proportions of travel by nonmotorized means, lower levels of automobile use, reduced travel distances for certain discretionary trip purposes, and smaller individual activity spaces. Furthermore, the density of activity sites around the workplace affects the distances travelled by employed people for discretionary purposes. Overall, accessibility level has a greater impact on mode use and travel distance than it does on discretionary trip frequency. This result was unexpected in light of the strong trip frequency–accessibility relationship posited frequently in the literature.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SILVERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
The Relationship

I was saddened to read that Doctor Harvie thinks the Committee on Fetus and Newborn has contributed to creeping authoritarianism by making a specific recommendation after evaluating evidence concerning the relationship between "spacing out" and airborne infection in hospital nurseries. Moreover I think he has misinterpreted the Committee's recommendations if he believes that they have advised nurseries to place sole reliance on reducing population density in order to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections. As Doctor Harvie comments, different modes of spread may be involved in the various types of infection that can be acquired in a newborn nursery.

Influence of fruit age of the Brazilian Green Dwarf coconut on the relationship between Aceria guerreronis population density and percentage of fruit damage

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Silva Guimarães Sousa ◽  
Poliane Sá Argolo ◽  
Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Anibal Ramadan Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Aceria Guerreronis ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DERELİ ◽  
S. TÜRK ÇULHA ◽  
M. ÇULHA ◽  
B. H. ÖZALP ◽  
A. A. TEKİNAY
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin 1791 was investigated from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Dardanelles Strait, to outline the morphological characteristics, reproductive patterns and the relationship between population characteristics and environmental parameters. Between 15 and 30 individuals of this species were sampled monthly from three stations. There was a negative allometry between length and weight, being gutted weight the most reliable measurement for this species. Reproductive patterns of the species were identified the first time for Turkish coasts. By macroscopic examination of the gonads, smallest sizes (gutted length) were measured as 8.4 and 8.1 cm for female and male, respectively. Sex ratio was calculated as 1: 1.1 with differences between seasons. The reproduction of sea cucumbers occurred between August and September after Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values reached their maximum in July. The species was found down to 10 m depth with a population density of 0.21 / m2, which was rather low compared to previously reported values for Mediterranean populations of this species. There was a high positive correlation between population density and GSI of the species. The highest population density was observed where the largest sea grass meadows are found.

scholarly journals Controversial approach to wolf management in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jana Lososová ◽  
Jindřiška Kouřilová ◽  
Nikola Soukupová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wolf Management ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship

Expansion of the wolf in the Czech Republic results in an increasing conflict between nature conservationists and other landscape users. In March 2020, the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic issued the "Wolf Management Programme". The document provoked negative reactions from organisations of farmers, breeders, and hunters. The article deals with the key issues triggered by the conflict and the attitudes of actors involved. We want to clarify to what extent the solutions designed by individual parties help to mitigate the conflict and how the financial demands related to this issue have been evolving. The problem may seem marginal in the Czech Republic, but the wolf population density in some regions may already be close to its bearable maximum. Key problems are the identification of specific target numbers of wolves, the absence of zoning as a future option, and clear rules for dealing with direct encounters of wolves with humans. The benefit of wolf management is primarily the sum of preventive measures it aims to address, but the relationship with other main actors and the area of education and promotion is debatable as it represents a further increase in the absorption of public funds without guarantees of effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Incidence Among Louisiana Census Tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Biggs ◽  
Patrick M. Maloney ◽  
Ariane L. Rung ◽  
Edward S. Peters ◽  
William T. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the association between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and COVID-19 incidence among Louisiana census tracts.Methods: An ecological study comparing the CDC SVI and census tract-level COVID-19 case counts was conducted. Choropleth maps were used to identify census tracts with high levels of both social vulnerability and COVID-19 incidence. Negative binomial regression with random intercepts was used to compare the relationship between overall CDC SVI percentile and its four sub-themes and COVID-19 incidence, adjusting for population density.Results: In a crude stratified analysis, all four CDC SVI sub-themes were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Census tracts with higher levels of social vulnerability were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence after adjusting for population density (adjusted RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.41-1.65).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that increased social vulnerability is linked with COVID-19 incidence. Additional resources should be allocated to areas of increased social disadvantage to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Using Astragalus to Model Body Mass, Habitat Preference, and Population Density of Prehistoric Bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois, 1891) in Eastern Java island in The Early Pleistocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
The Relationship

Astragalus bone is one of the most important fossil records as it can reconstruct the prehistoric life. Respectively, this study aims to model the body mass, habitat preference, and population density of prehistoric bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois 1891) in eastern Java island in the early Pleistocene. The astragali from 9 specimens were used to estimate the body mass and population density. Likewise regression models are used to analyze the relationship between astragalus lateral length, width, and body mass compared to the astragalus of extant Bovid species. The result revealed the body mass average was 60.3 kg (95%CI: 58.9-61.7) and this indicates the D. santeng belongs to large herbivores. While the population density was estimated at about 5.39 individuals per km2 (95% CI: 3.18-7.6).

Study on the Relationship between Population Density of Noctiluca scintillans and Environmental Factors in the Coastal Waters of Qinhuangdao

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 635-638
Author(s):  
Yan Juan Xi ◽  
Zhen Liang Zhao ◽  
Chun Long Zhao ◽  
Yan Qin Xi ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Noctiluca Scintillans ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the environmental survey data in off-shore of Qin Huangdao from May to June 2011,correlation analysis was made between population density of Noctiluca scintillans and environmental factors. The results indicates that population density of Noctiluca scintillans does not exist linear correlation with nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, nitrogen, phosphate,dissolved oxygen and PH ,it is positive correlation with temperature and silicate noctiluca and negatively correlation with transparency and salinity.

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