The relation between initial root length and subsequent growth in zea mays seedlings

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Hammett ◽  
Jane Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Justice
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Initial Root

Method for Bioassaying Chlorsulfuron in Soil and Water

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morishita ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Duane G. Flom ◽  
Tanaquil C. Campbell ◽  
Gary A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Bioassay Technique ◽  
Primary Root Length ◽  
Soil And Water

Bioassay techniques were evaluated for the determination of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} residues in soil and water. A linear response of corn (Zea maysL.) primary root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations (InX+1) of 0.0 to 16.0 μg/L was observed in the water bioassay. Several soil extraction bioassay methods were attempted and found to be highly variable. A Ca(OH)2soil extraction bioassay technique produced a linear response of primary corn root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 64.0 μg/kg. The efficiency of the Ca(OH)2extraction bioassay was determined by the use of14C-chlorsulfuron. Recovery efficiency at 1.0 μg/kg was 74% and averaged 62% at all higher chlorsulfuron concentrations.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSÍNTESE DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO COM ESTERCO E POLÍMERO SUPERABSORVENTE

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-616
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ohana Gomes Moreira ◽  
Raimundo Nonato De Assis Júnior ◽  
Túlio Cordeiro Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
E Mail

CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSÍNTESE DO MILHO CULTIVADO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO COM ESTERCO E POLÍMERO SUPERABSORVENTE     VANESSA OHANA GOMES MOREIRA1; RAIMUNDO NONATO DE ASSIS JÚNIOR2 E TÚLIO CORDEIRO ARAGÃO3   1Engenheira Agrônoma, Mestra e Doutoranda em Ciência do Solo, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici – Bloco 807, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutor em Agronomia - Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Professor Titular, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici – Bloco 807, CEP 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Graduando em Química. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 940, CEP 60440-900, Fortaleza – Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de esterco bovino e polímero iônico superabsorvente no crescimento inicial e na capacidade fotossintética de plantas de milho cultivadas em Neossolo Quartzarênico salino-sódico. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação com quatro tratamentos: T1 - Controle; T2 – Polímero; T3 - Esterco bovino; T4 - Polímero + Esterco bovino. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos: altura das plantas, diâmetro do colmo, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, comprimento e massa seca da raiz aos 45 dias após a emergência (DAE) das plantas. A fotossíntese foi avaliada em três momentos: aos 15, 30 e 45 DAE. Houve diferenças significativas pelo teste F (p < 0,05) nos parâmetros biométricos avaliados e na taxa de fotossíntese. As menores médias das variáveis analisadas foram obtidas no tratamento controle. A aplicação do polímero resultou em médias dos parâmetros biométricos e da fotossíntese estatisticamente menores que as médias do esterco bovino. A combinação de polímero e esterco promoveu incremento na capacidade fotossintética e no comprimento da raiz. Conclui-se que, o esterco é mais eficiente que o polímero na melhoria do crescimento inicial do milho sob estresse salino e, quando combinados, promovem maior capacidade fotossintética e maior crescimento das raízes.    Palavras-chave: salinidade do solo, hidrogel, adubo orgânico, Zea Mays L.     MOREIRA, V. O. G.; ASSIS JÚNIOR, R. N.; ARAGÃO, T. C. GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAIZE CULTIVATED UNDER SALINE STRESS WITH MANURE AND SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER     2 ABSTRACT   This work aimed to evaluate the use of bovine manure and ionic superabsorbent polymer in the initial growth and in the photosynthetic capacity of maize cultivated in saline-sodium Quartzarenic Neosol . The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with four treatments: T1 - Control; T2 - Polymer; T3 - Bovine manure; T4 - Polymer + Bovine manure. Biometric parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aerial part dry matter, root length and root dry matter at 45 days after emergence (DAE). The photosynthesis was evaluated in three moments: at 15, 30 and 45 DAE. Significant differences were observed by the F test (p <0.05) in biometric parameters evaluated and photosynthesis rate. The application of the polymer resulted in lower averages than those of the bovine manure for all biometric parameters and photosynthesis. The combination of polymer and bovine manure promoted an increase in photosynthetic capacity and in root length. It is concluded that bovine manure is more efficient than polymer in improving the initial growth of maize under saline stress and when combined promote increase in rate of photosynthesis and root growth.   Keywords: soil salinity, hydrogel, organic fertilizer, Zea Mays L.

scholarly journals Root Length and Vapour Pressure Deficit: Effect on Relative Water Content in Zea Mays L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Downey ◽  
TC Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Water

The pair of lodicules situated at the base of the ovary and adjacent to the lemma of the wheat floret have long been known to be involved in the opening of the wheat floret at anthesis (see Arber 1965). At anthesis, the lodicules swell and force the lemma away from the palea, allowing the stamens to grow out from the floret. Some minutes later and presumably in response to a stimulus associated with pollination (male-sterile florets may remain open for many hours: Dr. A. T. Pugsley, personal communication) the lodicules collapse and the floret closes. We are studying the events which lead to this rapid swelling and degeneration of the lodicule in wheat and noticed that information about the nature of the vascular tissues in lodicules is very meagre.

scholarly journals Root hairs are the most important root trait for rhizosheath formation of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Burak ◽  
John N Quinton ◽  
Ian C Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Hair Development ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Hair Development

Abstract Background and Aims Rhizosheaths are defined as the soil adhering to the root system after it is extracted from the ground. Root hairs and mucilage (root exudates) are key root traits involved in rhizosheath formation, but to better understand the mechanisms involved their relative contributions should be distinguished. Methods The ability of three species [barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu)] to form a rhizosheath in a sandy loam soil was compared with that of their root-hairless mutants [bald root barley (brb), maize root hairless 3 (rth3) and root hairless 1 (Ljrhl1)]. Root hair traits (length and density) of wild-type (WT) barley and maize were compared along with exudate adhesiveness of both barley and maize genotypes. Furthermore, root hair traits and exudate adhesiveness from different root types (axile versus lateral) were compared within the cereal species. Key Results Per unit root length, rhizosheath size diminished in the order of barley &gt; L. japonicus &gt; maize in WT plants. Root hairs significantly increased rhizosheath formation of all species (3.9-, 3.2- and 1.8-fold for barley, L. japonicus and maize, respectively) but there was no consistent genotypic effect on exudate adhesiveness in the cereals. While brb exudates were more and rth3 exudates were less adhesive than their respective WTs, maize rth3 bound more soil than barley brb. Although both maize genotypes produced significantly more adhesive exudate than the barley genotypes, root hair development of WT barley was more extensive than that of WT maize. Thus, the greater density of longer root hairs in WT barley bound more soil than WT maize. Root type did not seem to affect rhizosheath formation, unless these types differed in root length. Conclusions When root hairs were present, greater root hair development better facilitated rhizosheath formation than root exudate adhesiveness. However, when root hairs were absent root exudate adhesiveness was a more dominant trait.

scholarly journals GENETIC ASSOCIATION AMONG MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF ZEA MAYS SEEDLINGS UNDER SALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nawaz ◽  
A Haseeb ◽  
HA Malik ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Zea mays is an important cereal crop which has been used by human from last thousands of years as grain crop. It is very sensitive for drought, heat, cold, salinity and heavy metals toxicity. For evaluating corn for salt stress we have conducted an experiment in the greenhouse of IMBB, University of the Lahore. Four maize genotypes were selected for our research work, viz., B-316, EV-1097Q, Raka-poshi and Sahiwal-2002 under the treatments of salt were kept as following: control, 0.2Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.7Molar NaCl and 1Molar NaCl. The selection of genotypes for high shoot and root length under treatments 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.7Molar NaCl may be fruitful for the improvement of crop production and productivity. It was found from results that the B-316 performed better under all stress treatments for seedling traits as compared with EV-1097Q and Sahiwal-2020 maize genotypes. The results showed that higher genetic advance and heritability was recorded for both root length and shoot length. The significant and positive correlation was recorded among root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. The regression analysis showed that the higher contribution for shoot length was found for root length. It was concluded from our study that the selection of maize genotypes may be fruitful on the basis of root length and shoot length to improve grain yield under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals Studies on Testing the Efficacy of Liquid Organic Inputs (Panchagavya and Jeevamruth) on Maize (Zea mays l.) Germination

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
S. Akila ◽  
M. P. Sugumaran ◽  
K. Suganya ◽  
E. Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Organic Formulations

Organic farming is based on the system-oriented approach and the use of an organic liquid product like Panchagavya resulted in higher growth, yield and quality of crops and hence there had been an increasing interest in the use of liquid formulations. The present study was carried out to validate the shelf life of panchagavya and jeevamruth by screening scientifically under in vivo condition using maize (Zea mays). The liquid organic formulations like jeevamruth, panchagavya and the panchagavya formulations with groundnut oil cake and sesame oil as a substitute to ghee were freshly prepared and used for further studies. In all the panchagavya formulations, the root length and shoot length of the maize plants increased as compared to other treatments. The maximum shoot length 20.67 cm and root length of 9.14 cm were recorded in panchagavya treatment and minimum shoot length 18.39 cm and root length of 6.15 cm was recorded in jeevamruth treated seeds. The panchagavya treated seeds registered the maximum vigour index of 2980.

Effects of Trifluralin on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Nutrient Content

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Hartzler ◽  
Richard S. Fawcett ◽  
Henry G. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Shoot Weight

Glasshouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of trifluralin on root growth and mineral relations of corn seedlings. Root weight to shoot weight ratios of corn seedlings were positively correlated to concentrations of trifluralin in soil. Root length to shoot weight ratios, however, were inversely related to trifluralin concentrations. Phosphorous and potassium concentrations in shoot tissue were reduced 60 and 35%, respectively, by 0.25 mg trifluralin kg−1soil. Growth inhibition due to trifluralin was partially overcome by supplementing soil with nutrients.

scholarly journals Reallocation to lateral and early-emerging axial roots allows maize (Zea mays L.) with reduced nodal root number to more efficiently forage for nitrate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Guo ◽  
Larry M. York
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Shoot Mass

ABSTRACTPrevious simulations indicated reduced nodal root number (NRN) was promising for maize (Zea mays L.) breeding, and were partially confirmed using variation in NRN among inbreds. However, the exact mechanism was unknown, therefore manipulative experiments were conducted in hydroponics and tall solid-media mesocosms with treatments involving no nodal root excision (0% NRE) or excising either 33% or 67% of the nodal roots (NR) as they emerged under high or low levels of nitrogen (N). Reduced NRN was hypothesized to increase elongation of all remaining root classes, increase N acquisition under low N, and increase shoot mass. In both experiments, plants with 67% NRE had 12% and 19% less root fraction of total biomass, 61% and 91% greater lateral-to-axial root length ratio regardless of N levels; and 61% and 182% greater biomass of embryonic roots under low N, compared to 0% NRE for hydroponics and mesocosms studies, respectively. In hydroponics, regardless of NRE level, specific root respiration under high N was 2.6 times of low N, and was greatest at depth. Under low N in mesocosms, plants with 67% NRE had 52% greater shoot biomass, 450% greater root length at depth, and 232% greater deep-injected 15N content in the shoot relative to 0% NRE, however biomass in hydroponics did not differ based on NRE. These results reveal the mechanism by which plants with fewer nodal roots increase N capture and shoot mass by reallocation of biomass to lateral, embryonic, and first whorl nodal roots that increases foraging efficiency in solid media.SummaryReallocating root biomass from nodal roots to lateral and early-emerging axial roots allows grasses to capture more nitrogen under limiting conditions, including by increasing foraging at depth.

scholarly journals Seleksi Cekaman Kekeringan Secara In Vitro Tunas Jagung Putih (Zea mays L.) Menggunakan PEG

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Maria Yustiningsih ◽  
Amanda Poto ◽  
Ludgardis Ledheng
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Randomized Design

This study aims to identify the morphology response of white corn (Zea mays L) shoots explant on in vitro drought stress selection using Polyethylene glycol (PEG). The study was conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory, University of Timor using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatment concentrations of PEG, namely PEG 0 gr/L (control), PEG 5 gr/L, and 15 gr/L. The explants grown on Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal media with PEG according to the treatment concentration. Parameters observed were root length, shoot height and plant biomass to see plant response to drought stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS and further test using DMRT. The results showed that the concentration of PEG gradually could affect plant growth, especially shoot height. PEG concentration of 5 gr/ml and 15 gr/ml was the highest shoot growth (2,625 cm) when compared to PEG 0 gr/L (1.47) which indicated that explants could still grow under drought stress conditions. However, both treatments showed no effect of PEG on root length and biomass which could indicate growth inhibition in the given selection. Based on the results it can be concluded that PEG selection can affect the growth rate of white corn shoots and growth inhibition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document