Selection of sampling frequency for determining the mean values of the parameters for control of engineering processes

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-689
Author(s):  
V. I. Braun ◽  
V. S. Protsuto
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1629-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
M. Van Roozendael ◽  
C. Fayt ◽  
A. du Piesanie ◽  
N. Abuhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Differential Spectroscopy

Abstract. In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison Campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97° N, 4.93° E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line fits to mean values of a selection of instruments, after taking 30-min averages. Zenith slant columns near twilight were compared by fits to interpolated values of a reference instrument, then normalised by the mean of the slopes of the best instruments. For visible MAX-DOAS instruments, the means of the fitted slopes for NO2 and O4 of all except one instrument were within 10% of unity at almost all non-zenith elevations, and most were within 5%. Values for UV MAX-DOAS instruments were almost as good, being 12% and 7%, respectively. For visible instruments at zenith near twilight, the means of the fitted slopes of all instruments were within 5% of unity. This level of agreement is as good as that of previous intercomparisons, despite the site not being ideal for zenith twilight measurements. It bodes well for the future of measurements of tropospheric NO2, as previous intercomparisons were only for zenith instruments focussing on stratospheric NO2, with their longer heritage.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Indoxacarb in Two Populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A F Lemes ◽  
Thamiris P Sipriano-Nascimento ◽  
Natalia F Vieira ◽  
Camila P Cardoso ◽  
Alessandra M Vacari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the main pests of brassicas, and various insecticides, such as indoxacarb, are used to control it. However, frequent insecticide applications favor the selection of resistant individuals. Thus, the residual and sublethal effects of indoxacarb in two populations of P. xylostella, one collected in the field (FP) and one from the laboratory (LP), were evaluated and compared. The objective of this research was to investigate the toxicity of indoxacarb at residual and sublethal levels in a field population of P. xylostella from Brazil and a population from the laboratory. Leaf-dip bioassays showed high toxicity, with LC50 values after 48 h of 3.7 and 6.9 mg/liter for the LP and FP, respectively. Sublethal effects were indicated by significant reduction in the survival of larvae, pupae, and offspring. There was an increase in foliar consumption and a decrease in adult survival in the LP, and a decrease in fecundity in the FP. For the LP and FP population, the mean values for R0, rm, and λ for the control treatment were significantly higher than for the treatment groups (CL15 and CL25). Exposure of larvae to sublethal indoxacarb concentrations significantly reduced larval and pupal survival. Larval and pupal survival decreased as the indoxacarb concentration increased. Fecundity was significantly lower for the FP at LC15 (96.2 eggs per female) and LC25 (69.2 eggs per female) concentrations compared with the other treatments.

scholarly journals Inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry: influence of automated brain segmentation software

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Bou Hou ◽  
Yiwei Zhang ◽  
Tianye Lin ◽  
Xiaoyuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Brain Segmentation ◽  
3.0 Tesla ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brain Volumetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: The inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry is important in multi-site neuroimaging studies, where the reliability of automated brain segmentation (ABS) tools plays an important role. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ABS tools on the consistency and reproducibility of the quantified brain volumetry from different scanners. Methods: We included fifteen healthy volunteers who were scanned with 3D isotropic brain T1-weighted sequence on three different 3.0 Tesla MRI scanners (GE, Siemens and Philips). For each individual, the time span between image acquisitions on different scanners was limited to one hour. All the T1-weighted images were processed with FreeSurfer v6.0, FSL v5.0 and AccuBrain ® with default settings to obtain volumetry of brain tissues (e.g. gray matter) and substructures (e.g. basal ganglia structures) if available. Cofficient of variation (CV) was calculated to test inter-scanner variability in brain volumetry of various structures as quantified by these ABS tools. Results: The mean inter-scanner CV values per brain structure among three MRI scanners ranged from 6.946% to 12.29% (mean, 9.577%) for FreeSurfer, 7.245% to 20.98% (mean, 12.60%) for FSL and 1.348% to 8.800% (mean value, 3.546%) for AccuBrain @ . In addition, AccuBrain ® and FreeSurfer achieved the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between GE and Siemens scanners (from 0.818% to 5.958% for AccuBrain ® , and from 0.903% to 7.977% for FreeSurfer), while FSL-FIRST had the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between GE and Philips scanners (from 2.603% to 16.310%). AccuBrain ® also had the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between Siemens and Philips (from 1.138% to 6.615%). Conclusion: There is a large discrepancy in the inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry when using different processing software. Image acquisition protocols and selection of ABS tool for brain volumetry quantification have impact on the robustness of results in multi-site studies.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3383-3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
M. Van Roozendael ◽  
C. Fayt ◽  
A. du Piesanie ◽  
N. Abuhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Differential Spectroscopy

Abstract. In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97° N, 4.93° E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line fits to mean values of a selection of instruments, after taking 30-min averages. Zenith slant columns near twilight were compared by fits to interpolated values of a reference instrument, then normalised by the mean of the slopes of the best instruments. For visible MAX-DOAS instruments, the means of the fitted slopes for NO2 and O4 of all except one instrument were within 10% of unity at almost all non-zenith elevations, and most were within 5%. Values for UV MAX-DOAS instruments were almost as good, being 12% and 7%, respectively. For visible instruments at zenith near twilight, the means of the fitted slopes of all instruments were within 5% of unity. This level of agreement is as good as that of previous intercomparisons, despite the site not being ideal for zenith twilight measurements. It bodes well for the future of measurements of tropospheric NO2, as previous intercomparisons were only for zenith instruments focussing on stratospheric NO2, with their longer heritage.

scholarly journals Investigation On Seminal Attributes And Fertility Of Black Bengal Goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Apu ◽  
SS Husain ◽  
MAMY Khandoker ◽  
AHMS Rahman ◽  
DR Notter
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Selection Of

A total of 120 ejaculates from six adult Black Bengal bucks were studied to determine the semen attributes and evaluate their fertility. The various semen attributes of fresh semen were volume, sperm concentration, mass motility, live spermatozoa and normal spermatozoa percentage. All the semen attributes differed significantly (P<0.05) except normal spermatozoa percentage between the bucks. A total of 129 goats were inseminated with diluted semen to assess the fertility rate of Black Bengal buck. The mean values for the various semen attributes were: volume 0.58 ± 0.03 ml; sperm concentration 2797.22 ± 18.73 × 106/ml; mass motility 77.82 ± 0.61%; live spermatozoa 86.72 ± 0.54% and normal spermatozoa 91.39 ± 0.24%, respectively in fresh semen. With regard to the diluted semen, individual bucks showed significant difference (P<0.05) on motility, live and normal spermatozoa percentages. The diluted semen motility varied from 68.64 ± 1.66 to 74.55 ± 1.06%. On the other hand, the live and normal spermatozoa percentages of the diluted semen varied from 83.73 ± 0.94 to 89.27 ± 1.40% and 88.73 ± 0.54 to 91.91 ± 0.78%, respectively. From the insemination trial, the average kidding rate obtained was 58.9% in Black Bengal goat. It is suggested that selection of good quality buck semen could improve the overall fertility of Black Bengal goat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9877 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 17-24

scholarly journals Quantifying the Selection of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Intraoral and Extraoral Anatomical Landmarks

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ellakwa ◽  
Kieran McNamara ◽  
Jasdeep Sandhu ◽  
Kedall James ◽  
Amit Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Background One of the major hurdles in clinical prosthodontics has been the selection and replacement of maxillary anterior teeth in the absence of pre-extraction records. The aim of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between intraoral and extraoral facial measurements that could assist dental practitioners in selecting esthetically appropriate maxillary anterior teeth in the absence of pre-extraction records. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study design was used with a sample size of one hundred and twenty participants. A questionnaire was used to identify the selection criteria and a photograph was taken for facial measurements using digitally calibrated software. Ninety-eight participants met the selection criteria and were included in the study. Measurements of intraoral landmarks were taken from stone casts of maxillary impressions using calibrated digital calipers. Each measurement was completed by two assessors to obtain mean values. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 17 software. Data were assessed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc (p < 0.05) to find any difference between tested groups. Pearson coefficients were used to determine whether correlation exists between measurements. Results The mean values for intraoral maxillary landmarks were: Central incisor width = 8.39 mm, circumferential canine tip to canine tip distance = 34.89 mm, arch width = 48.24 mm, left arch length = 45.24 mm, right arch length = 45.56 mm. The mean values for extraoral landmarks were: Intercanthal distance = 33.24 mm, interpupillary distance = 60.68 mm, interalar distance = 38.27 mm, intercommissure distance = 50.61 mm. Differences existed within subgroups for all intraoral and extraoral measures. A weak positive correlation existed between intraoral (r < 0.4) and extraoral measurements (r < 0.38) that remained consistent when examined by gender. Conclusion This study showed that the average length and width of the maxillary arch and interalar width were the anatomical landmarks that provided the strongest predictive relationship with anterior maxillary teeth (r = 0.38 – 0.4). Using these dimensions an average multiplying factor can be used to calculate maxillary incisor width or canine tip to canine tip distance. As the predictive strength is not strong, the authors recommend its use as a preliminary guide for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth during the initial selection of artificial teeth in the absence of pre-extraction records. Clinical Significance The results of this study can be used to help dentists select the size of artificial maxillary anterior teeth in the absence of pre-extraction records. How to cite this article Ellakwa A, McNamara K, Sandhu J, James K, Arora A, Klineberg I, El-Sheikh A, Martin FE. Quantifying the Selection of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Intraoral and Extraoral Anatomical Landmarks. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):414-421.

scholarly journals Inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry: influence of automated brain segmentation software

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Bou Hou ◽  
Yiwei Zhang ◽  
Tianye Lin ◽  
Xiaoyuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Brain Segmentation ◽  
3.0 Tesla ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brain Volumetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: The inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry is important in multi-site neuroimaging studies, where the reliability of automated brain segmentation (ABS) tools plays an important role. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ABS tools on the consistency and reproducibility of the quantified brain volumetry from different scanners. Methods: We included fifteen healthy volunteers who were scanned with 3D isotropic brain T1-weighted sequence on three different 3.0 Tesla MRI scanners (GE, Siemens and Philips). For each individual, the time span between image acquisitions on different scanners was limited to one hour. All the T1-weighted images were processed with FreeSurfer v6.0, FSL v5.0 and AccuBrain ® with default settings to obtain volumetry of brain tissues (e.g. gray matter) and substructures (e.g. basal ganglia structures) if available. Cofficient of variation (CV) was calculated to test inter-scanner variability in brain volumetry of various structures as quantified by these ABS tools. Results: The mean inter-scanner CV values per brain structure among three MRI scanners ranged from 6.946% to 12.29% (mean, 9.577%) for FreeSurfer, 7.245% to 20.98% (mean, 12.60%) for FSL and 1.348% to 8.800% (mean value, 3.546%) for AccuBrain @ . In addition, AccuBrain ® and FreeSurfer achieved the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between GE and Siemens scanners (from 0.818% to 5.958% for AccuBrain ® , and from 0.903% to 7.977% for FreeSurfer), while FSL-FIRST had the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between GE and Philips scanners (from 2.603% to 16.310%). Conclusion: There is a large discrepancy in the inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry when using different processing software. Image acquisition protocols and selection of ABS tool for brain volumetry quantification have impact on the robustness of results in multi-site studies.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

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