scholarly journals Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1629-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
M. Van Roozendael ◽  
C. Fayt ◽  
A. du Piesanie ◽  
N. Abuhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Differential Spectroscopy

Abstract. In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison Campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97° N, 4.93° E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line fits to mean values of a selection of instruments, after taking 30-min averages. Zenith slant columns near twilight were compared by fits to interpolated values of a reference instrument, then normalised by the mean of the slopes of the best instruments. For visible MAX-DOAS instruments, the means of the fitted slopes for NO2 and O4 of all except one instrument were within 10% of unity at almost all non-zenith elevations, and most were within 5%. Values for UV MAX-DOAS instruments were almost as good, being 12% and 7%, respectively. For visible instruments at zenith near twilight, the means of the fitted slopes of all instruments were within 5% of unity. This level of agreement is as good as that of previous intercomparisons, despite the site not being ideal for zenith twilight measurements. It bodes well for the future of measurements of tropospheric NO2, as previous intercomparisons were only for zenith instruments focussing on stratospheric NO2, with their longer heritage.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3383-3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
M. Van Roozendael ◽  
C. Fayt ◽  
A. du Piesanie ◽  
N. Abuhassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Differential Spectroscopy

Abstract. In June 2009, 22 spectrometers from 14 institutes measured tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from the ground for more than 11 days during the Cabauw Intercomparison campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI), at Cabauw, NL (51.97° N, 4.93° E). All visible instruments used a common wavelength range and set of cross sections for the spectral analysis. Most of the instruments were of the multi-axis design with analysis by differential spectroscopy software (MAX-DOAS), whose non-zenith slant columns were compared by examining slopes of their least-squares straight line fits to mean values of a selection of instruments, after taking 30-min averages. Zenith slant columns near twilight were compared by fits to interpolated values of a reference instrument, then normalised by the mean of the slopes of the best instruments. For visible MAX-DOAS instruments, the means of the fitted slopes for NO2 and O4 of all except one instrument were within 10% of unity at almost all non-zenith elevations, and most were within 5%. Values for UV MAX-DOAS instruments were almost as good, being 12% and 7%, respectively. For visible instruments at zenith near twilight, the means of the fitted slopes of all instruments were within 5% of unity. This level of agreement is as good as that of previous intercomparisons, despite the site not being ideal for zenith twilight measurements. It bodes well for the future of measurements of tropospheric NO2, as previous intercomparisons were only for zenith instruments focussing on stratospheric NO2, with their longer heritage.

scholarly journals Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Lahcen Hssaini ◽  
Francisca Hernandez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽  
Jamal Charafi ◽  
Rachid Razouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
Almost All

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.

Comparison of myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hideharu Oka ◽  
Kouichi Nakau ◽  
Sadahiro Nakagawa ◽  
Yuki Kobayashi ◽  
Rina Imanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Myocardial T1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: T1 mapping is a recently developed imaging analysis method that allows quantitative assessment of myocardial T1 values obtained using MRI. In children, MRI is performed under free-breathing. Thus, it is important to know the changes in T1 values between free-breathing and breath-holding. This study aimed to compare the myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing. Methods: Thirteen patients and eight healthy volunteers underwent cardiac MRI, and T1 values obtained during breath-holding and free-breathing were examined and compared. Statistical differences were determined using the paired t-test. Results: The mean T1 values during breath-holding were 1211.1 ± 39.0 ms, 1209.7 ± 37.4 ms, and 1228.9 ± 52.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively, while the mean T1 values during free-breathing were 1165.1 ± 69.0 ms, 1103.7 ± 55.8 ms, and 1112.0 ± 81.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. The T1 values were lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in almost all segments (basal: p = 0.008, mid: p < 0.001, apical: p < 0.001). The mean T1 values in each cross section were 3.1, 7.8, and 7.7% lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. Conclusions: We found that myocardial T1 values during free-breathing were about 3–8% lower in all cross sections than those during breath-holding. In free-breathing, it may be difficult to assess myocardial T1 values, except in the basal region, because of underestimation; thus, the findings should be interpreted with caution, especially in children.

scholarly journals Discriminant Analysis of the Coordinated Work Indicators of the Heart and Blood Vessels in Health and Disease

Biomeditsina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
N. N. Karkischenko ◽  
D. B. Chaivanov ◽  
Y. A. Chudina ◽  
A. A. Nikolaev ◽  
A. A. Vartanov
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Coeffi Cients ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A discriminant method was proposed for modeling and quantifying the consistency of regulatory mechanisms in the cardiovascular system (CVS) of apparently healthy volunteers and those suffering from circulatory disorders associated with cervical spine osteochondrosis (OCS) and somatoform autonomic dysfunction (SAD). The congruence of the parameters of ECG intervalometry (DCI) and pulse wave duration (PWD) according to the volunteers’ photoplethysmograms (PPG) was established by calculating the disparity measure and deviations from the mean values using the coeffi cients of displacement, slope of the approximating straight line, as well as by comparing the reliability and correlation of the trend model with the initial data. We discovered gross violations of congruence in the work of efferent and afferent regulatory CVS mechanisms, mismatch and decrease in comparison with the norm of DCI and PWD, a signifi cant decrease in their approximation in the SAD volunteers. In volunteers with OCS, deviations in DCI and PWD from their mean values are much lower than in those with SAD, being inferior compared to healthy volunteers. Similar to SAD, these patients are inferior to healthy volunteers in terms of the disparity measure. 

scholarly journals Intra- and interpopulation variability of cysts and adults of Artemia (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) in Siberian populations (morphometry)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
L. I. Litvinenko ◽  
K. V. Kutsanov ◽  
L. F. Razova ◽  
A. Sh. Gadiadullina ◽  
A. G. Gerasimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Artemia Cysts ◽  
Almost All

The size of Artemia cysts is an important indicator of their value as a food resource; to some extent, it allows to identify populations. The data on cysts of Artemia parthenogenetic populations (diameter, chorion thickness, and presence of spots on a shell), sampled in hyperhaline lakes of Western Siberia in different years, were analyzed, as well as the data on the morphometry of Artemia adults, reared from cysts at the same salinity. Significant intra- and interpopulation variability in the indicators was established. The absolute values of the cyst diameter were in the range of 210–330 µm, the mean values for the samples – 243.5–282.9 µm, the mean values for populations – 257.8–279.6 µm; the absolute values of the decapsulated cyst diameter were in the range of 196–294 µm, the mean values for the samples – 236.5–262.6 µm, the mean values for populations – 239.9–253.2 µm; the absolute values of the cyst chorion thickness were in the range of 3.3–16.9 µm, and the mean values for populations – 6.6–12.4 µm. In the main commercial fishing lakes, which account for about 70 % of the total catch of Artemia cysts in Russia, the cysts had similar mean population sizes: 262–268 µm. The absence of intrapopulation correlation between the cyst diameter and chorion thickness is concluded; so, they cannot serve as reliable indicators, identifying Siberian populations. Statistically significant correlation (r = −0.5) was established between salinity of a mother water body and Artemia embryo diameter. Cyst spotting, not exceeding 5 % in almost all the samples, reached 24 % in cysts of Kuchukskoye Lake. Analysis of morphometric indicators of Artemia adults, reared from cysts, showed as follows: the mean body length (9.27–11.63 mm), abdomen width (0.53–0.69 mm), and distance between eyes (1.36–1.52 mm) were closely correlated with salinity of a water body (r values were of −0.76; −0.62; and −0.67, respectively). Cluster analysis of a set of morphometric indicators of Artemia adults showed the unification of populations based on salinity.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Indoxacarb in Two Populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A F Lemes ◽  
Thamiris P Sipriano-Nascimento ◽  
Natalia F Vieira ◽  
Camila P Cardoso ◽  
Alessandra M Vacari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the main pests of brassicas, and various insecticides, such as indoxacarb, are used to control it. However, frequent insecticide applications favor the selection of resistant individuals. Thus, the residual and sublethal effects of indoxacarb in two populations of P. xylostella, one collected in the field (FP) and one from the laboratory (LP), were evaluated and compared. The objective of this research was to investigate the toxicity of indoxacarb at residual and sublethal levels in a field population of P. xylostella from Brazil and a population from the laboratory. Leaf-dip bioassays showed high toxicity, with LC50 values after 48 h of 3.7 and 6.9 mg/liter for the LP and FP, respectively. Sublethal effects were indicated by significant reduction in the survival of larvae, pupae, and offspring. There was an increase in foliar consumption and a decrease in adult survival in the LP, and a decrease in fecundity in the FP. For the LP and FP population, the mean values for R0, rm, and λ for the control treatment were significantly higher than for the treatment groups (CL15 and CL25). Exposure of larvae to sublethal indoxacarb concentrations significantly reduced larval and pupal survival. Larval and pupal survival decreased as the indoxacarb concentration increased. Fecundity was significantly lower for the FP at LC15 (96.2 eggs per female) and LC25 (69.2 eggs per female) concentrations compared with the other treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluating the interchangeability of infrared and digital devices with the traditional mercury thermometer in hospitalized pediatric patients: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Dante ◽  
Elona Gaxhja ◽  
Vittorio Masotta ◽  
Carmen La Cerra ◽  
Valeria Caponnetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mercury Thermometer ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Level Of Agreement

AbstractGradual replacement of the mercury thermometers with alternative devices is ongoing around the world in a bid to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. However, to reduce the risks of misdiagnosis, unnecessary treatments, and omission of care in pediatric populations, more evidence on the reliability of alternative thermometers is needed. The aim of this comparative observational study was to detect any differences in temperature measurements between the use of the axillary mercury thermometer and the alternative techniques. Temperature values in degree Celsius (°C) were measured in a group of Albanian children aged up to 14 years using mercury and digital axillary thermometers, as well as forehead and tympanic infrared thermometers. The digital axillary device, compared with the mercury one, showed no clinically significant difference in the mean values (− 0.04 ± 0.29 °C) and the narrowest 95% level of agreement (+ 0.53 °C to − 0.62 °C) in the paired comparisons. For cut-off point of 37.5 °C, the digital axillary thermometer showed the highest levels of sensitivity (72.5%) and specificity (99.1%) in detecting fever. This study indicates that the digital axillary thermometer may be the better option since it adequately balances accuracy, safety, and children’s comfort.

scholarly journals Toothbrush-Dentifrice Abrasion of Dental Sealants: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angkhana Sangpanya ◽  
Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip ◽  
Vanida Nimmanon ◽  
Praewpat Pachimsawat
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Flowable Composite ◽  
Dental Sealants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
D Values ◽  
Almost All ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Objective This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants. Materials and Methods Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired t-test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe's test). Results Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)—a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant—exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite. Conclusion Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.

scholarly journals Inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry: influence of automated brain segmentation software

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Bou Hou ◽  
Yiwei Zhang ◽  
Tianye Lin ◽  
Xiaoyuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Brain Segmentation ◽  
3.0 Tesla ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brain Volumetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: The inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry is important in multi-site neuroimaging studies, where the reliability of automated brain segmentation (ABS) tools plays an important role. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ABS tools on the consistency and reproducibility of the quantified brain volumetry from different scanners. Methods: We included fifteen healthy volunteers who were scanned with 3D isotropic brain T1-weighted sequence on three different 3.0 Tesla MRI scanners (GE, Siemens and Philips). For each individual, the time span between image acquisitions on different scanners was limited to one hour. All the T1-weighted images were processed with FreeSurfer v6.0, FSL v5.0 and AccuBrain ® with default settings to obtain volumetry of brain tissues (e.g. gray matter) and substructures (e.g. basal ganglia structures) if available. Cofficient of variation (CV) was calculated to test inter-scanner variability in brain volumetry of various structures as quantified by these ABS tools. Results: The mean inter-scanner CV values per brain structure among three MRI scanners ranged from 6.946% to 12.29% (mean, 9.577%) for FreeSurfer, 7.245% to 20.98% (mean, 12.60%) for FSL and 1.348% to 8.800% (mean value, 3.546%) for AccuBrain @ . In addition, AccuBrain ® and FreeSurfer achieved the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between GE and Siemens scanners (from 0.818% to 5.958% for AccuBrain ® , and from 0.903% to 7.977% for FreeSurfer), while FSL-FIRST had the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between GE and Philips scanners (from 2.603% to 16.310%). AccuBrain ® also had the lowest mean values of region-specific CV between Siemens and Philips (from 1.138% to 6.615%). Conclusion: There is a large discrepancy in the inter-scanner reproducibility of brain volumetry when using different processing software. Image acquisition protocols and selection of ABS tool for brain volumetry quantification have impact on the robustness of results in multi-site studies.

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