Human bladder urine oxygen content: Implications for urinary tract diseases

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Giannakopoulos ◽  
A. Evangelou ◽  
V. Kalfakakou ◽  
E. Grammeniatis ◽  
I. Papandropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Bladder Urine

PERCUTANEOUS BLADDER ASPIRATION AND OTHER METHODS OF URINE COLLECTION FOR BACTERIOLOGIC STUDY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Charles V. Pryles
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Percutaneous Aspiration ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Bladder Urine ◽  
Lower Urinary

IN THE PAST FEW YEARS, a great deal of interest has been focused on the problem of distinguishing true bacteriuria from contamination. The normal urethra is known to harbor bacteria which may contaminate specimens obtained either by voiding or by catheterization. The latter method of obtaining samples may well be the means of introducing organisms that might not have been present before or of replacing sensitive with resistant organisms. Moreover the risk of producing such an infection is greater with the incompletely emptying bladder of lower urinary tract obstruction It has been suggested that percutaneous needle aspiration of the bladder urine may not only be safer than catheterization in some circumstances, but would also obviate contamination of samples during voiding or catheterization. Elsewhere in this issue, Nelson and Peters relate their experience with suprapubic percutaneous aspiration of the urinary bladder in premature and full-term neonates. Aspiration of bladder urine for bacteriologic purposes was first reported in 1956 by Guze and Beeson, who compared colony counts in urine samples obtained both by bladder aspiration and catheter in a small group of women free from urinary tract infection. The following year a comparison of bacterial counts of the urine obtained by needle aspiration of the bladder, catheterization, and midstream collection was described by Manzon and her associates. In 1959 we obtained samples of urine by percutaneous needle aspiration of the bladder and compared the quantitative cultures with those obtained immediately thereafter by catheterization; all these samples were from infants and children prior to elective laparotomies.

Total and partial gas tensions of human bladder urine

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Ki Hong ◽  
John W. Boylan ◽  
Alf M. Tannenberg ◽  
Hermann Rahn
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Bladder Urine

The total and partial gas tensions of human bladder urine were studied by a modified Krogh micromanometric method combined with fractional absorption analysis and the use of a Clark oxygen electrode. Consumption of O2 by reducing substances in urine was determined and correlated with its specific gravity and pH. Oxygen tension of bladder urine averages 50 mm Hg during air breathing and 58 mm Hg during pure O2 breathing. Pco2 ranges from 47 to 152 mm Hg and correlates best with urinary pH. The average figure for urine nitrogen tension, 550 mm Hg, agrees closely with the calculated Pn2 of alveolar air. Total gas tension of urine is typically about 60 mm Hg less than atmospheric and changes in total gas tension are shown to reflect changes in Pco2, the tensions of the other gases remaining relatively constant in an experimental period. The physiological significance of these total and partial gas tensions is discussed. A counter-current gas diffusion system is proposed to account for the difference between the oxygen tension of urine and renal venous blood. Submitted on September 24, 1959

scholarly journals Role of Type 1 Fimbria- and P Fimbria-Specific Adherence in Colonization of the Neurogenic Human Bladder by Escherichia coli

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6481-6484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hull ◽  
William H. Donovan ◽  
Michael Del Terzo ◽  
Colleen Stewart ◽  
Margaret Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Recent clinical studies suggest that the deliberate colonization of the human bladder with a prototypic asymptomatic bacteriuria-associated bacterium, Escherichia coli 83972, may reduce the frequency of urinary tract infection in individuals with spinal cord injuries. However, the mechanism by which E. coli 83972 colonizes the bladder is unknown. We examined the role in bladder colonization of the E. coli 83972 genes papG and fimH, which respectively encode P and type 1 receptor-specific fimbrial adhesins. E. coli 83972 and isogenic papGΔ and papGΔ fimHΔ mutants of E. coli 83972 were compared for their capacities to colonize the neurogenic human bladder. Both strains were capable of stable colonization of the bladder. The results indicated that type 1 class-specific adherence and P class-specific adherence, while implicated as significant colonization factors in experiments that employed various animal model systems, were not required for colonization of the neurogenic bladder in human beings. The implications of these results with regard to the selection of potential vaccine antigens for the prevention of urinary tract infection are discussed.

The utility of preoperative and intraoperative cultures for guiding urosepsis empirical treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Brielle Wood ◽  
David Habashy ◽  
Darren J Mayne ◽  
Ankur Dhar ◽  
Claire Purvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Ureteric Stenting ◽  
Antibiotic Management ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bladder Urine

Objective: Endoscopic upper urinary tract instrumentation is a common urological procedure; often associated with prior ureteric stenting and postoperative urosepsis. This study aimed to explore the clinical utility of preoperative urine and intraoperative urine and ureteric stent cultures in the management of urosepsis post upper urinary tract instrumentation. Methods: Prospective study involving pre-stented patients whose upper urinary tract was instrumented at a single centre between 2017 and 2018. Five cultures were collected per patient. Patients were tracked for development of postoperative urosepsis. Results: The study included 227 patients, with a 5.7% postoperative urosepsis rate. Risk of urosepsis was significantly associated with female gender, steroid use and having a colonized preoperative urine culture, intraoperative bladder urine or stent-end culture, or kidney urine culture. Patients with a colonized intraoperative bladder urine were 11 times more likely to develop urosepsis and were colonized with the same organism isolated from urosepsis cultures for 50% of cases. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the largest cohort study which analyses five different urinary tract cultures and the relationship with postoperative urosepsis. A positive intraoperative bladder urine culture is an independent predictor of postoperative urosepsis development and causative organism, which could guide antibiotic management for these patients. Level of Evidence 3-b

scholarly journals Clonal Diversity of Escherichia coli Colonizing Stools and Urinary Tracts of Young Girls

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1225-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Schlager ◽  
J. Owen Hendley ◽  
Alison L. Bell ◽  
Thomas S. Whittam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
History Of ◽  
Weekly Sample ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Bladder Urine ◽  
Prepubertal Girls

ABSTRACT Intestinal carriage of Escherichia coli in prepubertal girls without a history of urinary tract infection was examined by collecting weekly stools and periurethral and urine samples over 3 to 4 weeks of study. Dominant and minor clones were defined by grouping 28 E. coli isolates into clonal types. Multiple enteric clones of E. coli, which changed week to week, were found in the 13 girls during the study (median, 3 clones/girl; range, 1 to 16 clones/girl). Dominance of an enteric clone did not predict persistence in the stool. In only 10 (34%) of the 29 episodes in which a dominant clone present in one weekly sample could have been detected the following week did it persist as the dominant clone in the next weekly sample. In 5 (17%) of the 29 episodes, a dominant clone found in one weekly sample was classified as a minor clone the next week. Both dominant and minor clones were observed to colonize the urinary tract. However, when colonization of the periurethra or bladder urine occurred, it was brief and often did not reflect the dominant stool flora from the same week. In fact, in only 40% of episodes was a clone that was detected either on the periurethra or in the urine also recovered from the stool the same week. Our findings suggest that the intestinal flora of healthy girls is multiclonal with frequent fluctuations in composition.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Escherichia coli Strain VR50 Reveals Adaptation to the Urinary Tract by Gene Acquisition

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1749-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Beatson ◽  
Nouri L. Ben Zakour ◽  
Makrina Totsika ◽  
Brian M. Forde ◽  
Rebecca E. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
K 12

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases of humans, withEscherichia coliresponsible for >80% of all cases. One extreme of UTI is asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), which occurs as an asymptomatic carrier state that resembles commensalism. To understand the evolution and molecular mechanisms that underpin ABU, the genome of the ABUE. colistrain VR50 was sequenced. Analysis of the complete genome indicated that it most resemblesE. coliK-12, with the addition of a 94-kb genomic island (GI-VR50-pheV), eight prophages, and multiple plasmids. GI-VR50-pheVhas a mosaic structure and contains genes encoding a number of UTI-associated virulence factors, namely, Afa (afimbrial adhesin), two autotransporter proteins (Ag43 and Sat), and aerobactin. We demonstrated that the presence of this island in VR50 confers its ability to colonize the murine bladder, as a VR50 mutant with GI-VR50-pheVdeleted was attenuated in a mouse model of UTIin vivo. We established that Afa is the island-encoded factor responsible for this phenotype using two independent deletion (Afa operon and AfaE adhesin) mutants.E. coliVR50afaand VR50afaEdisplayed significantly decreased ability to adhere to human bladder epithelial cells. In the mouse model of UTI, VR50afaand VR50afaEdisplayed reduced bladder colonization compared to wild-type VR50, similar to the colonization level of the GI-VR50-pheVmutant. Our study suggests thatE. coliVR50 is a commensal-like strain that has acquired fitness factors that facilitate colonization of the human bladder.

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