Properties of frying fat. I. The relationship of viscosity to the concentration of non-urea adducting fatty acids

Using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in which phosphatidylcholine (PC) is equally pulse-labelled by various eicosanoid precursor fatty acids (EPFAs), we have studied the remodelling of EPFAs among the phospholipid classes and subclasses with and without activation, and the relationship of this remodelling process to the selective release of arachidonic acid (AA) by phospholipase A2-mediated cell stimulation. When endothelial cells are pulse-incubated with radiolabelled EPFA for 15 min, greater than 80% of cell-associated radioactivity is present in phospholipids, among which greater than 60% is found in 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (diacyl PC). After removing unincorporated radioactivity, reincubation of the pulse-labelled cells for up to 6 h results in progressive decrease in EPFA-labelled diacyl PC, increase in AA- or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-labelled 1-O-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (plasmalogen PE) and increase only in AA-labelled 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkyl PC). This redistribution of radiolabelled phospholipids is not altered by the presence of excess non-radiolabelled EPFAs. When aspirin-treated EPFA-labelled endothelial cells are stimulated with ionophore A23187, a very selective release of AA is noted in comparison with eicosatrienoate (ETA) or EPA, accompanied by an equivalent decrease in AA-labelled diacyl PC and specific increase in AA-labelled plasmalogen PE and alkyl PC. These selective changes in AA radioactivity induced by A23187 are enhanced 2-fold by pretreating the AA-labelled cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which by itself induces no changes. The changes in radioactivity induced by A23187 without and with phorbol ester among the released AA, the diacyl PC and the plasmalogen PE are significantly correlated with each other. These results indicate that human endothelial cells incorporate EPFAs (AA, ETA, EPA) equally into diacyl PC but selectively release AA esterified into diacyl PC with specific remodelling into plasmalogen PE and alkyl PC.

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The relationship of plasma Trans fatty acids with dietary inflammatory index among US adults

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-017-0527-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mohsen Mazidi ◽

Hong-kai Gao ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

Michael D. Wirth ◽

James R Hebert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rat epididymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes by adrenaline

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1740119 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 174 (1) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S J Smith ◽

E D Saggerson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Maximum Decrease ◽

Isolated Adipocytes ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Fat Pads

1. Dose-dependent effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity were investigated with both incubated rat epidiymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes. 2. Adrenaline (10nM- 5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U-14C]glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml). Changes in [U-14C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids in these tissues correlated only loosely with changes in PDHa activity. There was a good inverse relationship between adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity and increases in lipolysis (glycerol release). 3. Adrenaline (10nM - 0.5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml), whereas 1 micrometer- and 5 micrometer-adrenaline slightly increased PDHa activity. All concentrations of adrenaline tested decreased [U-14C]pyruvate incorporation into fatty acids. Between 10nM- and 0.5 micrometer-adrenaline percentage decreases in PDHa activity paralleled decreases in faty acid synthesis. 4. Effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity and fatty acid synthesis in fat-pads incubated with 5mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml) could not be mimicked by addition of albumin-bound palmitate. 5. The response of PDHa activity to adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) in isolated adipocytes differed with the carbohydrate substrate used in the incubations. With 5 mM-glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml), PDHa activity was significantly increased by 10 nM-adrenaline, but not by 1 micrometer-adrenaline, the response to adrenaline being biphasic. There was some correlation between PDHa activity and accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids. With 5 mM-glucose alone adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) had no effect on PDHa activity even though lipolysis was increased by adrenaline (0.1 micrometer - 1 micrometer). With 5mM-fructose in the presence and absence of insulin, lipolytic doses of adrenaline decreased PDHa activity. No tested concentrations of adrenaline increased PDHa with this substrate. 6. In the presence of 5 mM-fructose, palmitate was significantly more effective than adrenaline with respect to the maximum decrease in PDHa activity that could be elicited. 4. The relationship of changes in PDHa activity to changes in lipogenesis and the likelihood of adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity being secondary to changes in non-esterified fatty acid metabolism are discussed.

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The Mechanism of Self-Disinfection of the Human Skin and its Appendages

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400035373 ◽

1942 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 184-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

J. M. L. Burtenshaw

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Human Skin ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Ultra Violet Light ◽

Animal Fats ◽

Violet Light ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

1. Four β-haemolytic strains ofStreptococcus, suspended in normal saline, showed progressive increase in mortality, as thepHwas lowered from 7·5 to 5·0; belowpH 5·0 the mortality was greatly accentuated.2. Ether and alcohol extracts of human skin and its appendages were powerfully, saline extracts more weakly and inconstantly, lethal to the haemolyticStreptococcusand to certain other organisms.3. The long chain fatty acids and soaps are the chief, if not the only, bactericidal constituents of skin and its appendages.4. Experiments are described illustra ting the streptococcocidal effect of various acids occurring in animal fats.5. Cystein and blood inhibit the streptoeoccocidal activity of skin fats and certain fatty acids. Ultra-violet light may increase this activity, or abolish, the inhibition exercised by cystein.6. The mechanism of the sterilizing power of fatty acids and soaps, the influence exerted by cystein, blood, and ultra-violet light on the sterilizing power, of skin fats and fatty acids, and the relationship of skin fatty acids to lysozyme are discussed.

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Abstract P221: Relationship of Dietary Carbohydrate and Fiber Intake to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japanese: NIPPON DATA80

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p221 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Itsuko Miyazawa ◽

Katsuyuki Miura ◽

Naoko Miyagawa ◽

Keiko Kondo ◽

Aya Kadota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cvd Mortality

Aims: The association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been investigated; however, it remains unclear. Carbohydrate quality is considered to be more important than its amount. Carbohydrate consists of fiber and available carbohydrate which includes starch and sugar. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of each of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, starch and fiber intake to the long-term CVD mortality risk in Japanese population. We also examined the relationship of the ratios of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate or starch-to-fiber to CVD risk. Methods: We prospectively followed 8,925 participants (3,916 men and 5,009 women) aged 30-79 years without CVD who participated in the National Nutrition Survey in 1980 from 300 randomly selected areas in Japan. The participants were followed for 24 years. To identify the cause of death, the National Vital Statistics database of Japan was used. Food intake survey using weighed food records over three days in each household was conducted. The nutrient intake reported for each household was proportionally allocated to each household member according to the mean consumption rate by age and sex in 1995. Ratios of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate or starch intake (g/day) divided by dietary fiber intake (g/day) were also calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality by sex-specific quartiles of fiber (g/1000kcal), carbohydrate (%kcal), available carbohydrate (%kcal), starch (%kcal) and their ratios. HRs were adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle factors (smoking status, drinking status, BMI, medication of hypertension, past history of diabetes mellitus), and dietary factors (intakes of sodium, saturated fatty acids and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Results: During 24-years of follow up, 823 CVD deaths were observed (419 men and 404 women). Adjusted HR for CVD mortality was lower in the highest quartile (Q4) of fiber intake (0.71, 95%CI: 0.57-0.89, P -trend 0.003) compared with the lowest (Q1). However, carbohydrate, available carbohydrate and starch intake were not associated with CVD mortality (Adjusted HR for Q4 compared with Q1: 1.00, 95%CI: 0.76-1.32, P -trend 0.875; 1.07, 0.82-1.40, 0.757; 0.92, 0.71-1.20, 0.619; respectively). The ratios of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate or starch-to-fiber were all positively associated with CVD mortality (Adjusted HR for Q4 compared with Q1: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.13-1.73, P -trend 0.003; 1.33, 1.08-1.64, 0.006; 1.23, 0.99-1.52, 0.032; respectively). Conclusions: Dietary fiber intake was inversely related to long-term CVD mortality risk in Japanese. The ratios of carbohydrate, available carbohydrate or starch-to-fiber were positively associated with long-term CVD mortality risk; they might be useful indexes to predict future CVD risk.

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The relationship of blood pressure with glucose, insulin, heart rate, free fatty acids and plasma cortisol levels according to degree of obesity in middle-aged men

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-199602000-00012 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 229-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Jan Filipovsky ◽

Pierre Ducimetiere ◽

Eveline Eschwege ◽

Jacques L. Richard ◽

Gabriel Rosselin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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The relationship of circulating glucose, ketones, and F.F.A. to milk production in Awassi ewes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600019018 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 349-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. H. Adler ◽

E. Lotan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Production ◽

Ketone Group ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Serum ◽

Clinical Cases

The relationship between milk production, blood glucose, blood ketones and free fatty acids (F.F.A.) were studied in lactating Awassi ewes. Increased milk production in ewes was associated with diminished blood glucose and increased serum F.F.A. Clinical cases of ketosis were not observed.The ewes studied here could be divided into two metabolic populations depending on their blood ketone levels. Those with blood ketone levels of 11 mg % or more, did not show a significant increase in serum F.F.A. or a decrease in blood glucose values with increased milk production. The group of ewes with less than 11 mg % blood ketones showed a significant decrease in blood glucose and a significant increase in serum F.F.A. as milk production increased. Ketonemia of the high ketone group of ewes, was associated with relatively low serum F.F.A. levels. It is suggested that these ketones not originate from depot fat via serum F.F.A. These ketones and/or their precursors, acetic and butyric acids probably participate in caloric homeostasis and are associated with a glucose sparing serum F.F.A. suppressing mechanism.The suggestion that ketones derived from rumen (R.D.K.) should be distinguished from those derived from adipose tissue (A.D.K.) is discussed.

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