scholarly journals Spreading of warm water from the Kuroshio Extension into the Perturbed Area

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Sainz-Trápaga ◽  
Takashige Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
The Kuroshio

scholarly journals Small meanders of the Kuroshio Extension and associated northward spreading of warm water: Three‐vessel simultaneous observations and an eddy‐resolving ocean model simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 5315-5337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Kobashi ◽  
Yukino Onikata ◽  
Naoto Iwasaka ◽  
Yoshimi Kawai ◽  
Eitarou Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
The Kuroshio

scholarly journals Cloud Response to the Meandering Kuroshio Extension Front

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 9393-9398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tomita ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie ◽  
Hiroki Tokinaga ◽  
Yoshimi Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Cumulus Clouds ◽  
The North ◽  
Strong Inversion ◽  
Stratocumulus Clouds ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Kuroshio Extension Front

A unique set of observations on board research vessel (R/V) Mirai in April 2010 captured a striking cloud hole over a cold meander of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) east of Japan as corroborated by atmospheric soundings, ceilometer, shipboard radiation data, and satellite cloud images. Distinct differences were also observed between the warm meander farther to the north and warm water south of the KE. The atmosphere is highly unstable over the warm meander, promoting a well-mixed marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and a layer of solid stratocumulus clouds capped by a strong inversion. Over the warm water south of the KE, MABL deepens and is decoupled from the ocean surface. Scattered cumulus clouds develop as captured by rapid variations in ceilometer-derived cloud base. The results show that the meandering KE front affects the entire MABL and the clouds. Such atmospheric response can potentially intensify the baroclinicity in the lower atmosphere.

Cold air outbreak over the Kuroshio extension region

OCEANS 2009 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Jensen ◽  
T. Campbell ◽  
T. A. Smith ◽  
R. J. Small ◽  
R. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Cold Air Outbreak ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Kuroshio Extension Region

scholarly journals Variability of the nutrient stream near Kuroshio's origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Chi-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Haiyan Yang ◽  
Xinyu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Kuroshio

AbstractThe Kuroshio—literally “the Black Stream”—is the most substantial current in the Pacific Ocean. It was called the Black Stream because this oligotrophic current is so nutrient-poor in its euphotic zone that the water appears black without the influence of phytoplankton and the associated, often colored dissolved organic matter. Yet, below the euphotic layer, nutrient concentrations increase with depth while current speed declines. Consequently, a core of maximum nutrient flux, the so-called nutrient stream, develops at a depth of roughly between 200 and 800 m. This poorly studied nutrient stream transports nutrients to and supports high productivity and fisheries on the East China Sea continental shelf; it also transports nutrients to and promotes increased productivity and fisheries in the Kuroshio Extension and the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Three modes of the Kuroshio nutrient stream are detected off SE Taiwan for the first time: one has a single-core; one has two cores that are apparently separated by the ridge at 120.6–122° E, and one has two cores that are separated by a southward flow above the ridge. More importantly, northward nutrient transports seem to have been increasing since 2015 as a result of a 30% increase in subsurface water transport, which began in 2013. Such a nutrient stream supports the Kuroshio's high productivity, such as on the East China Sea continental shelf and in the Kuroshio Extension SE of Japan.

A Positive Feedback Process Related to the Rapid Development of an Extratropical Cyclone over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Hirata ◽  
Ryuichi Kawamura ◽  
Masaya Kato ◽  
Taro Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Latent Heating ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Feedback Process ◽  
The Kuroshio

Abstract The active roles of sensible heat supply from the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension in the rapid development of an extratropical cyclone, which occurred in the middle of January 2013, were examined by using a regional cloud-resolving model. In this study, a control experiment and three sensitivity experiments without sensible and latent heat fluxes from the warm currents were conducted. When the cyclone intensified, sensible heat fluxes from these currents become prominent around the cold conveyor belt (CCB) in the control run. Comparisons among the four runs revealed that the sensible heat supply facilitates deepening of the cyclone’s central pressure, CCB development, and enhanced latent heating over the bent-back front. The sensible heat supply enhances convectively unstable conditions within the atmospheric boundary layer along the CCB. The increased convective instability is released by the forced ascent associated with frontogenesis around the bent-back front, eventually promoting updraft and resultant latent heating. Additionally, the sensible heating leads to an increase in the water vapor content of the saturated air related to the CCB through an increase in the saturation mixing ratio. This increased water vapor content reinforces the moisture flux convergence at the bent-back front, contributing to the activation of latent heating. Previous research has proposed a positive feedback process between the CCB and latent heating over the bent-back front in terms of moisture supply from warm currents. Considering the above two effects of the sensible heat supply, this study revises the positive feedback process.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Synoptic Wintertime Atmospheric Variability and Path Shifts in the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio Extension

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 3177-3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence M. Joyce ◽  
Young-Oh Kwon ◽  
Lisan Yu
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Coherent, large-scale shifts in the paths of the Gulf Stream (GS) and the Kuroshio Extension (KE) occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Attention has usually been drawn to causes for these shifts in the overlying atmosphere, with some built-in delay of up to a few years resulting from propagation of wind-forced variability within the ocean. However, these shifts in the latitudes of separated western boundary currents can cause substantial changes in SST, which may influence the synoptic atmospheric variability with little or no time delay. Various measures of wintertime atmospheric variability in the synoptic band (2–8 days) are examined using a relatively new dataset for air–sea exchange [Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux)] and subsurface temperature indices of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio path that are insulated from direct air–sea exchange, and therefore are preferable to SST. Significant changes are found in the atmospheric variability following changes in the paths of these currents, sometimes in a local fashion such as meridional shifts in measures of local storm tracks, and sometimes in nonlocal, broad regions coincident with and downstream of the oceanic forcing. Differences between the North Pacific (KE) and North Atlantic (GS) may be partly related to the more zonal orientation of the KE and the stronger SST signals of the GS, but could also be due to differences in mean storm-track characteristics over the North Pacific and North Atlantic.

scholarly journals Influential Role of Moisture Supply from the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension in the Rapid Development of an Extratropical Cyclone

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 4126-4144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Hirata ◽  
Ryuichi Kawamura ◽  
Masaya Kato ◽  
Taro Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Warm Front ◽  
The Kuroshio

Abstract This study focused on an explosive cyclone migrating along the southern periphery of the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension in the middle of January 2013 and examined how those warm currents played an active role in the rapid development of the cyclone using a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean regional model. The evolutions of surface fronts of the simulated cyclone resemble the Shapiro–Keyser model. At the time of the maximum deepening rate, strong mesoscale diabatic heating areas appear over the bent-back front and the warm front east of the cyclone center. Diabatic heating over the bent-back front and the eastern warm front is mainly induced by the condensation of moisture imported by the cold conveyor belt (CCB) and the warm conveyor belt (WCB), respectively. The dry air parcels transported by the CCB can receive large amounts of moisture from the warm currents, whereas the very humid air parcels transported by the WCB can hardly be modified by those currents. The well-organized nature of the CCB plays a key role not only in enhancing surface evaporation from the warm currents but also in importing the evaporated vapor into the bent-back front. The imported vapor converges at the bent-back front, leading to latent heat release. The latent heating facilitates the cyclone’s development through the production of positive potential vorticity in the lower troposphere. Its deepening can, in turn, reinforce the CCB. In the presence of a favorable synoptic-scale environment, such a positive feedback process can lead to the rapid intensification of a cyclone over warm currents.

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