scholarly journals Completing the eclectic flavor scheme of the ℤ2 orbifold

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baur ◽  
Moritz Kade ◽  
Hans Peter Nilles ◽  
Saúl Ramos-Sánchez ◽  
Patrick K. S. Vaudrevange
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Flavor Symmetries ◽  
Flavor Structure ◽  
Modular Transformations ◽  
Kähler Potential ◽  
Matter Fields

Abstract We present a detailed analysis of the eclectic flavor structure of the two-dimensional ℤ2 orbifold with its two unconstrained moduli T and U as well as SL(2, ℤ)T× SL(2, ℤ)U modular symmetry. This provides a thorough understanding of mirror symmetry as well as the R-symmetries that appear as a consequence of the automorphy factors of modular transformations. It leads to a complete picture of local flavor unification in the (T, U) modulus landscape. In view of applications towards the flavor structure of particle physics models, we are led to top-down constructions with high predictive power. The first reason is the very limited availability of flavor representations of twisted matter fields as well as their (fixed) modular weights. This is followed by severe restrictions from traditional and (finite) modular flavor symmetries, mirror symmetry, $$ \mathcal{CP} $$ CP and R-symmetries on the superpotential and Kähler potential of the theory.

scholarly journals The eclectic flavor symmetry of the ℤ2 orbifold

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baur ◽  
Moritz Kade ◽  
Hans Peter Nilles ◽  
Saúl Ramos-Sánchez ◽  
Patrick K. S. Vaudrevange
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Modular Group ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Flavor Symmetry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flavor Symmetries

Abstract Modular symmetries naturally combine with traditional flavor symmetries and $$ \mathcal{CP} $$ CP , giving rise to the so-called eclectic flavor symmetry. We apply this scheme to the two-dimensional ℤ2 orbifold, which is equipped with two modular symmetries SL(2, ℤ)T and SL(2, ℤ)U associated with two moduli: the Kähler modulus T and the complex structure modulus U. The resulting finite modular group is ((S3× S3) ⋊ ℤ4) × ℤ2 including mirror symmetry (that exchanges T and U) and a generalized $$ \mathcal{CP} $$ CP -transformation. Together with the traditional flavor symmetry (D8× D8)/ℤ2, this leads to a huge eclectic flavor group with 4608 elements. At specific regions in moduli space we observe enhanced unified flavor symmetries with as many as 1152 elements for the tetrahedral shaped orbifold and $$ \left\langle T\right\rangle =\left\langle U\right\rangle =\exp \left(\frac{\pi \mathrm{i}}{3}\right) $$ T = U = exp π i 3 . This rich eclectic structure implies interesting (modular) flavor groups for particle physics models derived form string theory.

scholarly journals Metaplectic flavor symmetries from magnetized tori

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Almumin ◽  
Mu-Chun Chen ◽  
Víctor Knapp-Pérez ◽  
Saúl Ramos-Sánchez ◽  
Michael Ratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zero Mode ◽  
Metaplectic Groups ◽  
Common Multiple ◽  
Least Common Multiple ◽  
Yukawa Couplings ◽  
Flavor Symmetries ◽  
Euler’S Theorem ◽  
Modular Transformations ◽  
Analytic Expressions ◽  
Geometric Picture

Abstract We revisit the flavor symmetries arising from compactifications on tori with magnetic background fluxes. Using Euler’s Theorem, we derive closed form analytic expressions for the Yukawa couplings that are valid for arbitrary flux parameters. We discuss the modular transformations for even and odd units of magnetic flux, M, and show that they give rise to finite metaplectic groups the order of which is determined by the least common multiple of the number of zero-mode flavors involved. Unlike in models in which modular flavor symmetries are postulated, in this approach they derive from an underlying torus. This allows us to retain control over parameters, such as those governing the kinetic terms, that are free in the bottom-up approach, thus leading to an increased predictivity. In addition, the geometric picture allows us to understand the relative suppression of Yukawa couplings from their localization properties in the compact space. We also comment on the role supersymmetry plays in these constructions, and outline a path towards non-supersymmetric models with modular flavor symmetries.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity in a non-covalent two-dimensional porous organic material with high crystallinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qizhi Xu ◽  
Boyuan Zhang ◽  
Yihang Zeng ◽  
Amirali Zangiabadi ◽  
Hongwei Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Porous Films ◽  
Top Down ◽  
High Crystallinity ◽  
Effect Transistor

Ultrathin porous films held together by non-covalent van der Waals interactions was obtained by a top-down approach, which is then utilized as channel material in a two-dimensional planar field-effect transistor device through easy stamp transfer.

Solvent-assisted crystallization of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (81) ◽  
pp. 10552-10555
Author(s):  
Yingjie Su ◽  
Cai Xu ◽  
Liguo Gao ◽  
Guoying Wei ◽  
Tingli Ma
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Top Down

A solvent-assisted method for preparing two-dimensional perovskite films was proposed to accurately control the top-down crystallization process of two-dimensional perovskites.

scholarly journals A robust two-dimensional separation for top-down tandem mass spectrometry of the low-mass proteome

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2183-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
John F. Kellie ◽  
John C. Tran ◽  
Jeremiah D. Tipton ◽  
Adam D. Catherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Low Mass

Role of gravity in particle physics: A unified approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041012
Author(s):  
Pedro D. Alvarez ◽  
Mauricio Valenzuela ◽  
Jorge Zanelli
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Matter Fields

General Relativity (GR) and the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics are two enormously successful frameworks for our understanding the fundamental laws of nature. However, these theoretical schemes are widely disconnected, logically independent and unrelated in scope. Yet, GR and SM at some point must intersect, producing claims about phenomena that should be reconciled. Be it as it may, both schemes share a common basic ground: symmetry under local Lorentz transformations. Here, we will focus on the consequences of assuming this feature from the beginning to combine geometry, matter fields and gauge interactions. We give a rough description of how this could be instrumental for the construction of a unified scheme of gravitation and particle physics.

scholarly journals HIGHER GAUGE THEORY AND GRAVITY IN 2+1 DIMENSIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (28) ◽  
pp. 5155-5172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. MANN ◽  
E. M. POPESCU
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
Wide Perspective ◽  
Higher Gauge Theory ◽  
Matter Fields ◽  
New Framework

Non-Abelian higher gauge theory has recently emerged as a generalization of standard gauge theory to higher-dimensional (two-dimensional in the present context) connection forms, and as such, it has been successfully applied to the non-Abelian generalizations of the Yang–Mills theory and 2-form electrodynamics. (2+1)-dimensional gravity, on the other hand, has been a fertile testing ground for many concepts related to classical and quantum gravity, and it is therefore only natural to investigate whether we can find an application of higher gauge theory in this latter context. In the present paper we investigate the possibility of applying the formalism of higher gauge theory to gravity in 2+1 dimensions, and we show that a nontrivial model of (2+1)-dimensional gravity coupled to scalar and tensorial matter fields — the ΣΦEA model — can be formulated as a higher gauge theory (as well as a standard gauge theory). Since the model has a very rich structure — it admits as solutions black-hole BTZ-like geometries, particle-like geometries as well as Robertson–Friedman–Walker cosmological-like expanding geometries — this opens a wide perspective for higher gauge theory to be tested and understood in a relevant gravitational context. Additionally, it offers the possibility of studying gravity in 2+1 dimensions coupled to matter in an entirely new framework.

scholarly journals Scale hierarchies in particle physics and cosmology

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
I. Antoniadis
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Supersymmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Chiral Multiplet ◽  
Positive Cosmological Constant ◽  
Shift Symmetry ◽  
Kähler Potential ◽  
Soft Supersymmetry Breaking

I describe the phenomenology of a model of supersymmetry breaking in the presence of a tiny (tuneable) positive cosmological constant. It utilises a single chiral multiplet with a gauged shift symmetry, that can be identified with the string dilaton (or an appropriate compactification modulus). The model is coupled to the MSSM, leading to calculable soft supersymmetry breaking masses and a distinct low energy phenomenology that allows to differentiate it from other models of supersymmetry breaking and mediation mechanisms. We also study the question if this model can lead to inflation by identifying the dilaton with the inflaton. We find that this is possible if the Kähler potential is modified by a term that has the form of NS5-brane instantons, leading to an appropriate inflationary plateau around the maximum of the scalar potential, depending on two extra parameters.

Mirror symmetry origin of Dirac cone formation in rectangular two-dimensional materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6619-6625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuming Qin ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Gui Yang ◽  
Dongqiu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dirac Cone ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Tight Binding Method ◽  
Cone Formation

The origin of Dirac cone band structure of 6,6,12-graphyne is revealed by a “mirror symmetry parity coupling” mechanism proposed with tight-binding method combined with density functional calculations.

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