scholarly journals Deciphering neural heterogeneity through cell lineage tracing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Figueres-Oñate ◽  
Rebeca Sánchez-González ◽  
Laura López-Mascaraque
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing ◽  
Cell Lineages

Abstract Understanding how an adult brain reaches an appropriate size and cell composition from a pool of progenitors that proliferates and differentiates is a key question in Developmental Neurobiology. Not only the control of final size but also, the proper arrangement of cells of different embryonic origins is fundamental in this process. Each neural progenitor has to produce a precise number of sibling cells that establish clones, and all these clones will come together to form the functional adult nervous system. Lineage cell tracing is a complex and challenging process that aims to reconstruct the offspring that arise from a single progenitor cell. This tracing can be achieved through strategies based on genetically modified organisms, using either genetic tracers, transfected viral vectors or DNA constructs, and even single-cell sequencing. Combining different reporter proteins and the use of transgenic mice revolutionized clonal analysis more than a decade ago and now, the availability of novel genome editing tools and single-cell sequencing techniques has vastly improved the capacity of lineage tracing to decipher progenitor potential. This review brings together the strategies used to study cell lineages in the brain and the role they have played in our understanding of the functional clonal relationships among neural cells. In addition, future perspectives regarding the study of cell heterogeneity and the ontogeny of different cell lineages will also be addressed.

scholarly journals Single-cell lineages reveal the rates, routes, and drivers of metastasis in cancer xenografts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Quinn ◽  
Matthew G. Jones ◽  
Ross A. Okimoto ◽  
Shigeki Nanjo ◽  
Michelle M. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Transient Events

AbstractCancer progression is characterized by rare, transient events which are nonetheless highly consequential to disease etiology and mortality. Detailed cell phylogenies can recount the history and chronology of these critical events – including metastatic seeding. Here, we applied our Cas9-based lineage tracer to study the subclonal dynamics of metastasis in a lung cancer xenograft mouse model, revealing the underlying rates, routes, and drivers of metastasis. We report deeply resolved phylogenies for tens of thousands of metastatically disseminated cancer cells. We observe surprisingly diverse metastatic phenotypes, ranging from metastasis-incompetent to aggressive populations. These phenotypic distinctions result from pre-existing, heritable, and characteristic differences in gene expression, and we demonstrate that these differentially expressed genes can drive invasiveness. Furthermore, metastases transit via diverse, multidirectional tissue routes and seeding topologies. Our work demonstrates the power of tracing cancer progression at unprecedented resolution and scale.One Sentence SummarySingle-cell lineage tracing and RNA-seq capture diverse metastatic behaviors and drivers in lung cancer xenografts in mice.

scholarly journals Single-cell lineage tracing by integrating CRISPR-Cas9 mutations with transcriptomic data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamim Zafar ◽  
Chieh Lin ◽  
Ziv Bar-Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Random Mutation ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Lineage Tree ◽  
Differentiation Pathways

Abstract Recent studies combine two novel technologies, single-cell RNA-sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 barcode editing for elucidating developmental lineages at the whole organism level. While these studies provided several insights, they face several computational challenges. First, lineages are reconstructed based on noisy and often saturated random mutation data. Additionally, due to the randomness of the mutations, lineages from multiple experiments cannot be combined to reconstruct a species-invariant lineage tree. To address these issues we developed a statistical method, LinTIMaT, which reconstructs cell lineages using a maximum-likelihood framework by integrating mutation and expression data. Our analysis shows that expression data helps resolve the ambiguities arising in when lineages are inferred based on mutations alone, while also enabling the integration of different individual lineages for the reconstruction of an invariant lineage tree. LinTIMaT lineages have better cell type coherence, improve the functional significance of gene sets and provide new insights on progenitors and differentiation pathways.

scholarly journals Lineage recording of zebrafish embryogenesis reveals historical and ongoing lineage commitments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoxin Chen ◽  
Chang Ye ◽  
Zhan Liu ◽  
Shanjun Deng ◽  
Xionglei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Zebrafish Embryogenesis

AbstractIt has been challenging to characterize the lineage relationships among cells in vertebrates, which comprise a great number of cells. Fortunately, recent progress has been made by combining the CRISPR barcoding system with single-cell sequencing technologies to provide an unprecedented opportunity to track lineage at single-cell resolution. However, due to errors and/or dropouts introduced by amplification and sequencing, reconstruction of accurate lineage relationships in complex organisms remains a challenge. Thus, improvements in both experimental design and computational analysis are necessary for lineage inference. In this study, we employed single-cell Lineage tracing On Endogenous Scarring Sites (scLOESS), a lineage recording strategy based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system, to trace cell fate commitments for zebrafish larvae. With rigorous quality control, we demonstrated that lineage commitments of complex organisms could be inferred from a limited number of barcoding sites. Together with cell-type characterization, our method could homogenously recover lineage information. In combination with the cell-type and lineage information, we depicted the development histories for germ layers as well as cell types. Furthermore, when combined with trajectory analysis, our methods could capture and resolve the ongoing lineage commitment events to gain further biological insights into later development and differentiation in complex organisms.

scholarly journals Stem cell dynamics in mouse hair follicles: A story from cell division counting and single cell lineage tracing

Cell Cycle ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying V. Zhang ◽  
Brian S. White ◽  
David I. Shalloway ◽  
Tudorita Tumbar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Cell Dynamics

scholarly journals Applications of Single-Cell Omics to Dissect Tumor Microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Weimin Li ◽  
Xuyu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing

The recent technical and computational advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have significantly broaden our toolkit to study tumor microenvironment (TME) directly from human specimens. The TME is the complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of multiple cell types, including tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and other non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix and secreted signaling molecules. The great success on immune checkpoint blockade therapy has highlighted the importance of TME on anti-tumor immunity and has made it a prime target for further immunotherapy strategies. Applications of single-cell transcriptomics on studying TME has yielded unprecedented resolution of the cellular and molecular complexity of the TME, accelerating our understanding of the heterogeneity, plasticity, and complex cross-interaction between different cell types within the TME. In this review, we discuss the recent advances by single-cell sequencing on understanding the diversity of TME and its functional impact on tumor progression and immunotherapy response driven by single-cell sequencing. We primarily focus on the major immune cell types infiltrated in the human TME, including T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. We further discuss the limitations of the existing methodologies and the prospects on future studies utilizing single-cell multi-omics technologies. Since immune cells undergo continuous activation and differentiation within the TME in response to various environmental cues, we highlight the importance of integrating multimodal datasets to enable retrospective lineage tracing and epigenetic profiling of the tumor infiltrating immune cells. These novel technologies enable better characterization of the developmental lineages and differentiation states that are critical for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving the functional diversity of immune cells within the TME. We envision that with the continued accumulation of single-cell omics datasets, single-cell sequencing will become an indispensable aspect of the immune-oncology experimental toolkit. It will continue to drive the scientific innovations in precision immunotherapy and will be ultimately adopted by routine clinical practice in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Single-cell lineage tracing approaches in hematology research: technical considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Carrelha ◽  
Dawn S. Lin ◽  
Alejo E. Rodriguez-Fraticelli ◽  
Tiago C. Luis ◽  
Adam C. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Technical Considerations

Cardiac Fibroblast Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Tallquist
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblast ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing ◽  
Disease States

Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition that occurs after injury and during aging. Currently, there are limited means to effectively reduce or reverse fibrosis. Key to identifying methods for curbing excess deposition of extracellular matrix is a better understanding of the cardiac fibroblast, the cell responsible for collagen production. In recent years, the diversity and functions of these enigmatic cells have been gradually revealed. In this review, I outline current approaches for identifying and classifying cardiac fibroblasts. An emphasis is placed on new insights into the heterogeneity of these cells as determined by lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing in development, adult, and disease states. These recent advances in our understanding of the fibroblast provide a platform for future development of novel therapeutics to combat cardiac fibrosis.

scholarly journals Single cell lineage tracing reveals a role for TgfβR2 in intestinal stem cell dynamics and differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12192-12197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Fischer ◽  
Peter P. Calabrese ◽  
Ashleigh J. Miller ◽  
Nina M. Muñoz ◽  
William M. Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are maintained by a niche mechanism, in which multiple ISCs undergo differential fates where a single ISC clone ultimately occupies the niche. Importantly, mutations continually accumulate within ISCs creating a potential competitive niche environment. Here we use single cell lineage tracing following stochastic transforming growth factor β receptor 2 (TgfβR2) mutation to show cell autonomous effects of TgfβR2 loss on ISC clonal dynamics and differentiation. Specifically, TgfβR2 mutation in ISCs increased clone survival while lengthening times to monoclonality, suggesting that Tgfβ signaling controls both ISC clone extinction and expansion, independent of proliferation. In addition, TgfβR2 loss in vivo reduced crypt fission, irradiation-induced crypt regeneration, and differentiation toward Paneth cells. Finally, altered Tgfβ signaling in cultured mouse and human enteroids supports further the in vivo data and reveals a critical role for Tgfβ signaling in generating precursor secretory cells. Overall, our data reveal a key role for Tgfβ signaling in regulating ISCs clonal dynamics and differentiation, with implications for cancer, tissue regeneration, and inflammation.

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