Socioeconomic patterning of chronic conditions and behavioral risk factors in rural South Asia: a multi-site cross-sectional study

Background. The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Arab world has reached an alarming level. Behavioral risk factors including consumption of fast food, inadequate sleep, and skipping meals are pervasive. This study aims at establishing the association between NCDs and modernized behavioral risk factors among populations. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1070 respondents who were 18 years old. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire with the help of the WHO STEPS approach with some modifications regarding NCD risk factors. Results. 30% of respondents had cardiovascular diseases (CVD) followed by respiratory diseases (23%) and diabetes (3%) while the habit of smoking was found among 52% of respondents followed by physical inactivity (49%), skipping meals (24%), and inadequate sleep (30%). Consumption of fast food was found to be a significant risk factor for obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.50, 4.92]), CVD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.20, 1.94]), and respiratory disease (OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.58, 2.86]). Significant linkages were found between CVD and smoking (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.54, 0.88]), diet pattern (OR = 1.86, 95% CI [1.44, 2.39]), fast food (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.20, 1.94]), and sleep hours (OR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.42, 0.79]). Conclusions. Undesirable behavioral risk factors pose a considerable threat to public health with a high prevalence rate of NCDs. Reducing the NCD burden and promoting healthy lifestyle formation of suitable strategies and their smooth implementation is the need of the hour.

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Co-occurrence of Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases and Social Determinants among Adults in Urban Centers of Southwestern Ethiopia in 2020: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare ◽

10.2147/jmdh.s313741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 1561-1570

Author(s):

Sabit Zenu ◽

Endegena Abebe ◽

Yohannes Dessie ◽

Rukiya Debalke ◽

Tsegaye Berkessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southwestern Ethiopia

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Prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity among hypertensive individuals: a cross-sectional study in rural South Asia—Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030584 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e030584 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liang Feng ◽

Imtiaz Jehan ◽

H Asita de Silva ◽

Aliya Naheed ◽

Hamida Farazdaq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

South Asia ◽

South Asians ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural South ◽

Physically Active

ObjectiveTo determinate the prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and their cross-country variation among individuals with hypertension residing in rural communities in South Asia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingRural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.ParticipantsA total of 2288 individuals with hypertension aged ≥40 years from the ongoing Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation- Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka clinical trial.Main outcome measuresCMM was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the conditions: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. Logistic regression was done to evaluate the correlates of CMM.ResultsAbout 25.4% (95% CI 23.6% to 27.2%) of the hypertensive individuals had CMM. Factors positively associated with CMM included residing in Bangladesh (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.52 to 4.65) or Sri Lankan (3.73, 95% CI 2.48 to 5.61) versus in Pakistan, advancing age (2.33, 95% CI 1.59 to 3.40 for 70 years and over vs 40–49 years), higher waist circumference (2.15, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.25) for Q2–Q3 and 2.14, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.06 for Q3 and above), statin use (2.43, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.22), and higher levels of triglyceride (1.01, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02 per 5 mg/dL increase). A lower odds of CMM was associated with being physically active (0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.97). A weak inverted J-shaped association between International Wealth Index and CMM was found (p for non-linear=0.058), suggesting higher risk in the middle than higher or lower socioeconomic strata.ConclusionsCMM is highly prevalent in rural South Asians affecting one in four individuals with hypertension. There is an urgent need for strategies to concomitantly manage hypertension, cardiometabolic comorbid conditions and associated determinants in South Asia.

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Behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v34i3.8916 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

K Adhikari ◽

MR Adak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

The Third World

Introduction: Cardiovascular and other chronic diseases are becoming the major causes of morbidity and mortality in most of the third world countries, including Nepal. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and consumption of tobacco, alcohol, drugs etc. are major global determinants of non-communicable diseases and contribute to the excess death and disability among the poor in terms of mortality. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors of NCDs among adolescent. Methods: A cross sectional study based on WHO stepwise approach for surveillance of Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) risk factors was conducted in Chitwan District to assess the risk factors of NCDs. Information was collected on substance abuse, dietary habits and physical activity through personal interview. Results: A bout 50% male and 30% female respondents were currently abusing one or other forms of substance. Male (39%) and female (26%) were using tobacco products. It was found that only 14% of respondents were doing satisfactory level of physical activities. Conclusions: Substantially high levels of the various behavioral risk factors among adolescents in Chitwan District suggest an urgent need for awareness raising programmes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8916 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:39-43

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Prevalence and coprevalence of chronic comorbid conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes in Catalonia: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e031281 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manel Mata-Cases ◽

Josep Franch-Nadal ◽

Jordi Real ◽

Marta Cedenilla ◽

Didac Mauricio

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Primary Care ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and coprevalence of several chronic conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean region.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo hundred and eighty-six primary care teams of the Catalonian Health Institute (Catalonia, Spain).ParticipantsWe included patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes by 31 December, 2016, who were registered in the Information System for the Development of Research in primary care (SIDIAP) database. We excluded patients with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus and any other type of diabetes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe collected data on diabetes-related comorbidities (ie, chronic complications, associated cardiovascular risk factors and treatment complications). Diagnoses were based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10thRevision codes recorded in the database or, for some entities, on the cut-off points for a particular test result or a specific treatment indicated for that entity. The presence and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were based on the glomerular filtration rate, the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.ResultsA total of 373 185 patients were analysed. 82% of patients exhibited ≥2 comorbidities and 31% exhibited ≥4 comorbidities. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (72%), hyperlipidaemia (60%), obesity (45%), CKD (33%), chronic renal failure (CRF)(28%) and cardiovascular disease (23%). The most frequently coprevalent pairs of chronic conditions were the combination of hypertension with hyperlipidaemia (45%), obesity (35%), CKD (28%), CRF (25%) or cardiovascular disease (19%), as well as the combination of hyperlipidaemia with obesity (28%), CKD (21%), CRF (18%) or cardiovascular disease (15%); other common pairs of comorbidities were obesity/CKD, obesity/CRF, hypertension/retinopathy, hypertension/albuminuria, hypertension/urinary tract infection, CVD/CRF and CVD/CKD, which were each present in more than 10% of patients.ConclusionPatients with type 2 diabetes have a high frequency of coprevalence of metabolic risk factors, cardiovascular disease and CKD and thus require an integrated management approach.

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