scholarly journals Symptoms of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and depression in recently bereaved people: symptom profiles, predictive value, and cognitive behavioural correlates

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Boelen ◽  
Lonneke I.M. Lenferink
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Maladaptive Cognitions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Purpose Prior latent class analyses (LCA) have focused on people who were bereaved more than 6 months earlier. Research has yet to examine patterns and correlates of emotional responses in the first few months of bereavement. We examined whether subgroups could be identified among very recently (≤ 6 months) bereaved adults, based on their endorsement of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Associations of class membership with overall disturbed grief, PTSD, and depression—assessed concurrently and at 6 months follow-up—were examined. Furthermore, we examined differences between classes regarding socio-demographics, loss-related, and cognitive behavioural variables. Methods PGD, PTSD, and depression self-report data from 322 Dutch individuals bereaved ≤ 6 months earlier were subjected to LCA; N = 159 completed the follow-up assessment. Correlates of class membership were examined. Results Three classes were identified: a low symptom class (N = 114; 35.4%), a predominantly PGD class (N = 96; 29.8%), and a high symptom class (N = 112; 34.8%). PGD, PTSD, and depression scores (assessed concurrently and at 6 months follow-up) differed significantly between classes, such that low symptom class < predominantly PGD class < high symptom class. Being a woman, younger, more recently bereaved, experiencing deaths of a partner/child and unnatural losses, plus maladaptive cognitions and avoidance behaviours were associated with membership of the pervasive symptom classes. Conclusion In the first 6 months of bereavement, meaningful subgroups of bereaved people can be distinguished, which highlights the relevance of early detection of people with elevated bereavement-related distress and offering them preventive interventions that foster adaptation to loss.

scholarly journals History of childhood abuse is associated with less positive treatment outcomes in socially stable women with alcohol use disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fides Schückher ◽  
Tabita Sellin ◽  
Ingemar Engström ◽  
Kristina Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Background To examine the relationship between treatment outcome, as measured according to change in alcohol consumption, and a history of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, sexual) in socially stable women undergoing treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods Participants were assessed using the Addiction Severity Index and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at the beginning of treatment (n = 75), end of treatment (n = 59) and 12 month follow-up after treatment (n = 57). Self-report data on alcohol consumption were obtained at all three time-points using the Alcohol Habits Inventory-Revised 2. Self-report data on childhood maltreatment were obtained at the beginning of treatment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form. Study outcomes were changes in alcohol consumption (grams of pure alcohol per week), risk-drinking and reported abstinence. Results Of the 75 women enrolled, 38 (50.7%) reported a history of childhood abuse and the rest did not. Both groups showed a significant improvement in all three outcomes at the end of treatment and at 12-month follow-up. At the end of treatment, a significant inter-group difference was found for reported abstinence (non-abused group, 39.3% vs abused, 12.9%; p < 0.05). At 12-month follow-up, significant inter-group differences were observed for all treatment outcomes, with superior outcomes being found for the non-abused group, including a higher proportion of women with reported abstinence (55.6% vs 13.3%; p < 0.01). Conclusion The present findings suggest that an evaluation of a possible history of childhood abuse is warranted in all women seeking treatment for AUD, irrespective of social stability. In terms of clinical practice, the results suggest that additional interventions may be warranted in this population.

Personality Inventory Correlates of Outcome in a Follow-up Study of Psychiatric Hospitalization

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhodes C. Young ◽  
Edward Gould ◽  
Ira D. Glick ◽  
William Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

The study involved a comparison of two diagnostic groups, schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic, randomly assigned to short-term hospitalization (defined as 3 to 4 wk.) versus long-term hospitalization (defined as 3 to 4 mo.). Outcome indices were derived separately from the Health-Sickness Rating Scale and the Psychiatric Evaluation Form, based on ratings at admission, at discharge, and 1 and 2 yr. post-admission. Scores from the intake administration of the MMPI were predictive of outcome for the 26 long-term nonschizophrenics but not for the other groups. To understand the variability in predictive efficacy, all of the self-report data were analyzed for dependability by application of the Wald-Wolfowitz Runs test to the MMPI answer sequences. No response inter-dependency among the total group of 47 nonschizophrenics was noted, but a significant amount was among the combined group of 86 schizophrenics. For the schizophrenics apparently unreliability of response had reduced the potential for prediction from the MMPI.

An exploration of gender and prolonged grief symptoms using network analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. Maccallum ◽  
M. Lundorff ◽  
M. Johannsen ◽  
I. Farver-Vestergaard ◽  
M. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Graphical Lasso ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Self Report Data

Abstract Background Gender has been proposed as a potentially important predictor of bereavement outcomes. The majority of research in the field has explored this issue by examining gender differences in global grief severity. Findings have been mixed. In this study, we explore potential gender differences in grief using network analysis. This approach examines how individual symptoms relate to and reinforce each other, and so offers potential to shed light on novel aspects of grief expression across genders. Method Graphical lasso networks were constructed using self-report data from 839 spousally bereaved older participants (584 female, 255 male) collected at 2- and 11- months post-bereavement. Edge strength, node strength and global network strength were compared to identify similarities and differences between gender networks across time. Results At both time points, the strongest connection for both genders was from yearning to pangs of grief. Yearning, pangs of grief, acceptance, bitterness and shock were prominent nodes at time 1. Numbness and meaninglessness emerged as prominent nodes at time 2. Males and females differed in the relative importance of shock at time 1, and the female network had greater overall strength than the male network at time 2. Conclusions This study identified many similarities and few differences in the relationships between prolonged grief symptoms for males and females. Findings suggest that future studies should examine alternate sources of variation in grief outcomes. Limitations are discussed.

A Clinical Pilot Study of Cognitive-behavioural Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in the Elderly

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul King ◽  
Christine Barrowclough
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Interventions

Ten elderly patients with anxiety problems were treated individually using cognitive-behavioural interventions. These involved helping the patients reinterpret their anxiety symptoms in a non-threatening way. Questionnaire and self-report data suggested that cognitive-behavioural therapy may be an effective intervention for elderly patients with anxiety problems.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

The Effects of Questionnaire Length and Behavioral Consequences on Careless Responding

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gibson ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Consistent Support

Abstract. The current paper reports the results of two randomized experiments designed to test the effects of questionnaire length on careless responding (CR). Both experiments also examined whether the presence of a behavioral consequence (i.e., a reward or a punishment) designed to encourage careful responding buffers the effects of questionnaire length on CR. Collectively, our two studies found (a) some support for the main effect of questionnaire length, (b) consistent support for the main effect of the consequence manipulations, and (c) very limited support for the buffering effect of the consequence manipulations. Because the advancement of many subfields of psychology rests on the availability of high-quality self-report data, further research should examine the causes and prevention of CR.

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