Dominant Contribution of a Lake’s Internal Pollution to Eutrophication During Rapid Urbanization

The increase of population in Kathmandu valley is bringing a considerable change in cropping system. Rapid urbanization and introduction of new agriculture technology have encouraged the valley’s farmers to change their cropping patterns from traditional (low value crops) to new crops (high value crops). According to numerous studies made in Nepal, the change is seen considerably in winter crops than in summer crops and the land under cultivation of green leafy vegetables is increasing rapidly in the urban and semi-urban areas. An average growth of population at 3 % in the valley during the period 1951-2001 has resulted in the rapid expansion of area under urban coverage (24.6 % growth per year from 1984 - 2000) has made agriculture land of Katmandu valley to decline per year by 2.04 % (836.27 ha per year). If this trend of decline in agriculture land in Kathmandu valley continues in future too, it is expected that there will be no agriculture land left over by two and half decades in the valley. The planners should take note of this fact that if fertile land of Katmandu valley is to be preserved for agriculture necessary planning is urgently needed. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

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Problems and Solutions in China’s Rapid Urbanization

JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1224.2011.00211 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 211-221

Author(s):

Aijun Qiu ◽

Mingmei Zheng ◽

Wei Bai ◽

Wang Xi

Keyword(s):

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Problems And Solutions

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Water supply and sanitation planning model: a management tool for large Brazilian cities

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2003.0140 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

pp. 469-476

Author(s):

S.R.A. Soares ◽

R.S. Bernardes

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Low Income ◽

Management Tool ◽

Urban Water ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Modeling Approach ◽

Developing Cities ◽

Starting Point ◽

Water And Wastewater ◽

Water Supply And Sanitation

The sanitary problems promoted by the rapid urbanization process in developing cities are usually resulted from the absence of planning, high population concentration and inadequate water and wastewater infrastructure for low income people. Because the provision and planning of water supply and is a complex task, a modeling approach was used to enhance the understanding of the process and the aspects involved. In the development of a model, not only the technical aspects were taken into account, but other aspects related to the provision of drinking water and the water resources protection were also analyzed, such as institutional, financial, socioeconomic, environmental and public health. In the modeling process two different methods of conceptualization were used to describe the urban water flow through the water and wastewater systems linked to various aspects related to their implementation in large developing cities. The urban water systems of five large metropolitan areas in Brazil were also evaluated for the complete model. It is expected that the modeling approach developed in this paper consists of a valuable methodology for water supply and sanitation planning in Brazilian cities, and other developing cities with the same characteristics. The suggested conceptual model could, at least, provide more than a starting point for a useful urban water management tool.

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A Review on Data Mining Techniques Towards Water Sustainability Issues

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications ◽

10.2174/2213275912666190809114839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 818-826

Author(s):

Ranjan Kumar Panda ◽

A. Sai Sabitha ◽

Vikas Deep

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Research Work ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Environmental Data ◽

World Population ◽

Water Sustainability ◽

Rapid Urbanization

Sustainability is defined as the practice of protecting natural resources for future use without harming the nature. Sustainable development includes the environmental, social, political, and economic issues faced by human being for existence. Water is the most vital resource for living being on this earth. The natural resources are being exploited with the increase in world population and shortfall of these resources may threaten humanity in the future. Water sustainability is a part of environmental sustainability. The water crisis is increasing gradually in many places of the world due to agricultural and industrial usage and rapid urbanization. Data mining tools and techniques provide a powerful methodology to understand water sustainability issues using rich environmental data and also helps in building models for possible optimization and reengineering. In this research work, a review on usage of supervised or unsupervised learning algorithms in water sustainability issues like water quality assessment, waste water collection system and water consumption is presented. Advanced technologies have also helped to resolve major water sustainability issues. Some major data mining optimization algorithms have been compared which are used in piped water distribution networks.

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Eating Out in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Changes in Food and in Social Identities

10.1093/oso/9780198826187.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christel Lane

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Identities ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

General Terms ◽

Quality Of Food ◽

Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽

Eating Out ◽

Gender And Nation ◽

The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of rapid urbanization and industrialization on food and eating out. It draws attention to the growing standardization of food and, with greater class differentiation, to the growing diversity in eating-out venues. Class, gender, and nation are again used as lenses to understand the different eating-out habits and their symbolic significance. Towards the end of the twentieth century, pubs moved more fully towards embracing dining. However, the quality of food, in general terms, began to improve significantly only towards the end of the century, and hospitality venues also moved towards selling food from diverse national origins.

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Global Development, Global Public Health, and Ethics

The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190245191.013.71 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 819-829

Author(s):

Gerald Bloom ◽

Hayley MacGregor

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Scientific Discipline ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Global Development ◽

Government Responsibility ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Present Context

Rapid development has brought significant economic and health benefits, but it has also exposed populations to new health risks. Public health as a scientific discipline and major government responsibility developed during the nineteenth century to help mitigate these risks. Public health actions need to take into account large inequalities in the benefits and harms associated with development between countries, between social groups, and between generations. This is especially important in the present context of very rapid change. It is important to acknowledge the global nature of the challenges people face and the need to involve countries with different cultures and historical legacies in arriving at consensus on an ethical basis for global cooperation in addressing these challenges. This chapter provides an analysis of these issues, using examples on the management of health risks associated with global development and rapid urbanization and on the emergence of organisms that are resistant to antibiotics.

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Effects of Urban Forms on Separate Drainage Systems: A Virtual City Perspective

Water ◽

10.3390/w11040758 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 758 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jia ◽

Sitzenfrei ◽

Rauch ◽

Liang ◽

Liu

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Forms ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Wastewater Systems ◽

Performance Dimensions

The development of urban drainage systems is challenged by rapid urbanization; however, little attention is paid to the urban form and its effects on these systems. This study develops an integrated city-drainage model that configures typical urban forms and their associated drainage infrastructures, specifically domestic wastewater and rainwater systems, to analyze the relationship between them. Three typical types of urban forms were investigated: the square, the star, and the strip. Virtual cities were designed first, with the corresponding drainage systems generated automatically and then linked to a model herein called the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Evaluation was based on 200 random configurations of wastewater/rainwater systems with different structures or attributes. The results show that urban forms play more important roles on three dimensions of performance, namely economic efficiency, effectiveness, and adaptability, of the rainwater systems than of the wastewater systems. Cost is positively correlated to the effectiveness of rainwater systems among the different urban forms, while adaptability is negatively correlated to the other two performance dimensions. Regardless of the form, it is difficult for a city to make its drainage systems simultaneously cost-effective, efficient, and adaptable based on the virtual cities we investigated. This study could inspire the urban planning of both built-up and to-be-built areas to become more sustainable with their drainage infrastructure by recognizing the pros and cons of different macroscale urban forms.

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Large-Scale Road Network Congestion Pattern Analysis and Prediction Using Deep Convolutional Autoencoder

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5108

Author(s):

Navin Ranjan ◽

Sovit Bhandari ◽

Pervez Khan ◽

Youn-Sik Hong ◽

Hoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Traffic Congestion ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Road Network ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Image Data ◽

Urban Life ◽

Prediction Algorithm ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Convolutional Autoencoder

The transportation system, especially the road network, is the backbone of any modern economy. However, with rapid urbanization, the congestion level has surged drastically, causing a direct effect on the quality of urban life, the environment, and the economy. In this paper, we propose (i) an inexpensive and efficient Traffic Congestion Pattern Analysis algorithm based on Image Processing, which identifies the group of roads in a network that suffers from reoccurring congestion; (ii) deep neural network architecture, formed from Convolutional Autoencoder, which learns both spatial and temporal relationships from the sequence of image data to predict the city-wide grid congestion index. Our experiment shows that both algorithms are efficient because the pattern analysis is based on the basic operations of arithmetic, whereas the prediction algorithm outperforms two other deep neural networks (Convolutional Recurrent Autoencoder and ConvLSTM) in terms of large-scale traffic network prediction performance. A case study was conducted on the dataset from Seoul city.

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