scholarly journals Synthetic cathinone adulteration of illegal drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chicora F. Oliver ◽  
Joseph J. Palamar ◽  
Alberto Salomone ◽  
Steven J. Simmons ◽  
Helene L. Philogene-Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Synthetic Cathinone

Teen Use of Most Illegal Drugs Drops

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (19) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
JEFF EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Drugs

Forced displacement in Colombia: Magnitude and causes

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Ibanez
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the magnitude, geographical extent,  and causes of forced population displacements in Colombia. Forced migration in Colombia is a war strategy adopted by armed groups to strengthen territorial strongholds, weaken civilian support to the enemy, seize valuable lands, and produce and transport illegal drugs with ease. Forced displacement in Colombia today affects 3.5 million people. Equivalent to 7.8 percent of Colombia's population, and second worldwide only to Sudan, this shows the magnitude of the humanitarian crisis the country is facing. The phenomenon involves all of Colombia's territory and nearly 90 percent of the country's municipalities expel or receive population. In contrast to other countries, forced migration in Colombia is largely internal. Illegal armed groups are the main responsible parties, migration does not result in massive refugee streams but occurs on an individual basis, and the displaced population is dispersed throughout the territory and not focused in refugee camps. These characteristics pose unique challenges for crafting state policy that can effectively mitigate the impact of displacement.

The Performance Of The National Narcotics Agency In Illegal Drugs Prevention Efforts Of Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andi Pasinringi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
City Government ◽  
Performance Theory ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Drug Free

This study aims to determine the performance of Badan Narkotika Nasional or the National Narcotics Agency of Palu in the narcotics prevention efforts, determined by the support of the main tasks and functions of the National Narcotics Agency Office of Palu. The theory used to assess performance is with five dimensions of theory to measure the performance of public bureaucracy which are Productivity, Service Quality, Responsiveness, Responsibility, and Accountability as proposed by Agus Dwiyanto (2002). This research utilized descriptive-qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are but not limited to: Observation, Interview, and Documentation. Informants in this study are determined purposively. The results of the study revealed that based on the five dimensions of performance theory from Agus Dwiyanto, it can be concluded that the performance of the National Narcotics Agency of Palu is not insufficient. Thus, the vision proclaimed by the Palu City Government which was the Realization of Government and Community Synergy Towards Drug-Free Palu City in 2015, was not achieved

scholarly journals Cannabidiol Modulates the Motivational and Anxiety-Like Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8304
Author(s):  
Laia Alegre-Zurano ◽  
Raúl López-Arnau ◽  
Miguel Á. Luján ◽  
Jordi Camarasa ◽  
Olga Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Bath Salts ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Synthetic Cathinone ◽  
High Responders

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and the most widespread and life-threatening synthetic cathinone of the “bath salts”. Preclinical research has proven the cocaine-like psychostimulant effects of MDPV and its potential for abuse. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid that has emerged as a new potential treatment for drug addiction. Here, we tested the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on MDPV (2 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference and MDPV (0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration paradigms. In addition, we assessed the effects of the co-administration of CBD and MDPV (3 and 4 mg/kg) on anxiety-like behaviour using the elevated plus maze (EPM). CBD mitigated the MDPV-induced conditioned place preference. On the contrary, CBD administration throughout the MDPV (0.075 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration increased drug-seeking and taking behaviours, but only in the high-responders group of mice. Furthermore, CBD exerted anxiolytic-like effects, exclusively in MDPV-treated mice. Taken together, our results indicate that CBD modulation of MDPV-induced motivational responses in mice varies depending on the requirements of the learning task, resulting in a complex response. Therefore, further research attempting to decipher the behavioural and molecular interactions between CBD and MDPV is needed.

Investigation and Resolution of Interference in the LC-QTOF-MS Detection of 4-MePPP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren R Allen ◽  
Christopher Warnholtz ◽  
Brett C McWhinney
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
False Positive ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
In Silico Fragmentation ◽  
False Positive Detection ◽  
Product Ions ◽  
Synthetic Cathinone ◽  
Recent Addition

Abstract An interference resulting in the false-positive detection of the synthetic cathinone 4-MePPP in urine was suspected following the recent addition of 4-MePPP spectral data to an LC-QTOF-MS drug library. Although positive detection criteria were achieved, it was noted that all urine samples suspected of containing 4-MePPP also concurrently contained high levels of tramadol and its associated metabolites. Using QTOF-MS software elucidation tools, candidate compounds for the suspected interference were proposed. To provide further confidence in the identity of the interference, in silico fragmentation tools were used to match product ions generated in the analysis with product ions predicted from the theoretical fragmentation of candidate compounds. The ability of the suspected interference to subsequently produce the required product ions for spectral library identification of 4-MePPP was also tested. This information was used to provide a high preliminary confidence in the compound identity prior to purchase and subsequent confirmation with certified reference material. A co-eluting isobaric interference was identified and confirmed as an in-source fragment of the tramadol metabolite, N,N-bisdesmethyltramadol. Proposed resolutions for this interference are also described and subsequently validated by retrospective interrogation of previous cases of suspected interference.

scholarly journals Visions of Peace Amidst a Human Rights Crisis: War on Drugs in Colombia and the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Santino F Regilme
Keyword(s):  
War On Drugs ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Drug Problem ◽  
State Repression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Local Discourses

Abstract Peace is one of most widely used yet highly contested concepts in contemporary politics. What constitutes peace? That broad analytic inquiry motivates this article, which focuses on the contentious discourses of peace within a society besieged by widespread trafficking and use of illegal drugs. Focusing on the illegal drug problem in Colombia and the Philippines, the central puzzle of this paper constitutes two fundamental questions: How do state leaders justify their respective “war on drugs”? How do they construct and discursively articulate ideals of peace in the context of the illegal drug problem? This paper compares the post-9/11 Colombian war on drugs (2002–2010) vis-à-vis the Philippine war on drugs under the Duterte administration (2016–2019), particularly in terms of how their presidential administrations articulate “peace” in the context of resolving the drug problem. The paper examines the varying discourses of peace, investigates how those local discourses relate to global discourses on peace and illegal drugs, and underscores how and under which conditions those peace discourses portray the material distributive conflicts in those societies. The core argument states that the Uribe and Duterte administrations primarily deployed the notion of peace as a justificatory discourse for increased state repression, intensified criminalization of the drug problem, and the reluctance of the state in embracing a public health approach to the proliferation of illegal drugs.

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