scholarly journals Optimisation of xylanases production by two Cellulomonas strains and their use for biomass deconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella M Ontañon ◽  
Soma Bedő ◽  
Silvina Ghio ◽  
Mercedes M Garrido ◽  
Juliana Topalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Biomass Deconstruction ◽  
Xylanolytic Activity ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Abstract One of the main distinguishing features of bacteria belonging to the Cellulomonas genus is their ability to secrete multiple polysaccharide degrading enzymes. However, their application in biomass deconstruction still constitutes a challenge. We addressed the optimisation of the xylanolytic activities in extracellular enzymatic extracts of Cellulomonas sp. B6 and Cellulomonas fimi B-402 for their subsequent application in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis by culture in several substrates. As demonstrated by secretomic profiling, wheat bran and waste paper resulted to be suitable inducers for the secretion of xylanases of Cellulomonas sp. B6 and C. fimi B-402, respectively. Both strains showed high xylanolytic activity in culture supernatant although Cellulomonas sp. B6 was the most efficient xylanolytic strain. Upscaling from flasks to fermentation in a bench scale bioreactor resulted in equivalent production of extracellular xylanolytic enzymatic extracts and freeze drying was a successful method for concentration and conservation of the extracellular enzymes, retaining 80% activity. Moreover, enzymatic cocktails composed of combined extra and intracellular extracts effectively hydrolysed the hemicellulose fraction of extruded barley straw into xylose and xylooligosaccharides. Key points • Secreted xylanase activity of Cellulomonas sp. B6 and C. fimi was maximised. • Biomass-induced extracellular enzymes were identified by proteomic profiling. • Combinations of extra and intracellular extracts were used for barley straw hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Assay of xylanolytic activity of mutants of Neurospora crassa (Ema 5297) induced with ultra-violet radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Nelofar Yesmin ◽  
Tahsina Haque ◽  
Mozmader Tima ◽  
Suman Mohajan
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
International Unit ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Xylanolytic Activity ◽  
Violet Radiation

Mutation was induced in Neurospora crassa (Ema 5297) with UV (having the wave length of 254 nm) irradiation. Three groups of biochemical mutants (leucine, tryptophan and arginine) were obtained. Ema and 7 leucine mutants were used to evaluate whether mutation has any considerable effect for the production of such enzyme. Enzymatic activity was expressed as International Unit (IU). It was found that N. crassa mycelia secrete xylanases to the culture supernatant. Mutant Y10 showed highest xylanase activity (1.663 IU) and wild N. crassa (Ema) showed lowest (0.416 IU) activity.

Utilization of triaryl phosphates by a mixed bacterial population

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pickard ◽  
J. A. Whelihan ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphate ◽  
Cell Numbers

A mixed bacterial population that has been isolated by enrichment culture is capable of growth on Fyrquel 220, a commercial triaryl phosphate lubricant, as sole carbon source.The mixture was dominated by a yellow, Gram-negative rod which made up greater than 60% of the mixture. However, all attempts to grow this organism in pure culture on triaryl phosphate were unsuccessful. The mixed population was also capable of growth on tri-o-cresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate as sole carbon sources.Viable cell numbers increased 20- to 30-fold, reaching a maximum after 72–96 h growth. Only a small portion of the triaryl phosphate was used for growth; the major part was emulsified and remained in the culture medium. No evidence of extracellular enzymes capable of triaryl phosphate degradation could be found in concentrates of the culture supernatant after growth, though traces of what may have been triaryl phosphate breakdown products were observed.Cell-free extracts of the mixed culture catalyzed the release of inorganic phosphate when incubated with Fyrquel 220, tri-o-cresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, or triphenyl phosphate, indicating the presence of a phosphotriesterase or of a phosphodiesterase of wide specificity.

Newly Isolated Penicillium ramulosum N1 Is Excellent for Producing Protease-Resistant Acidophilic Xylanase

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Lin ◽  
Zhicheng Shen ◽  
Tingheng Zhu ◽  
Wensheng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Filter Paper Activity

<i>Penicillium ramulosum</i> N1 was isolated from decaying wood. This strain produces extracellular xylanases and cellulases. The highest activities of xylanases (250 U/ml) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase; 6.5 U/ml) were produced when 1% barley straw was added as a carbon source. The optimum temperature and pH for xylanase activity was 55 and 3.0°C, respectively. The xylanases exhibited strong protease resistance. CMCase revealed maximum activities at pH 3.0 and in the range of 60-70°C. Filter paper activity was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 55°C. The zymograms produced by the SDS-PAGE resolution of the crude enzymes indicated that there are four bands of protein with xylanase activity and three bands of proteins with endoglucanase. The results revealed that <i>P. ramulosum</i> N1 is a promising acidophilic and protease-resistant xylanase-producing microorganism that has great potential to be used in animal feed and food industry applications.

Isolation and characterization of highly thermophilic xylanolyticThermus thermophilusstrains from hot composts

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-François Lyon ◽  
Trello Beffa ◽  
Michel Blanc ◽  
Georg Auling ◽  
Michel Aragno
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Thermostable Enzyme ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Xylanolytic Activity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

This is the first detailed report of xylanolytic activity in Thermus strains. Two highly thermophilic xylanolytic bacteria, very closely related to non-xylanolytic T. thermophilus strains, have been isolated from the hottest zones of compost piles. Strain X6 was investigated in more detail. The growth rate (optical density monitoring) on xylan was 0.404·h-1at 75°C. Maximal growth temperature was 81°C. Xylanase activity was mainly cell-bound, but was solubilized into the medium by sonication. It was induced by xylan or xylose in the culture medium. The temperature and pH optima of the xylanases were determined to be around 100°C and pH 6, respectively. Xylanase activity was fairly thermostable; only 39% of activity was lost after an incubation period of 48 h at 90°C in the absence of substrate. Xylanolytic T. thermophilus strains could contribute to the degradation of hemicellulose during the thermogenic phase of industrial composting.Key words: Thermus, thermophilic aerobic bacteria, xylanase, thermostable enzyme, compost.

scholarly journals Enzyme Activity Profiles Produced on Wood and Straw by Four Fungi of Different Decay Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Veloz Villavicencio ◽  
Tuulia Mali ◽  
Hans K. Mattila ◽  
Taina Lundell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

Four well-studied saprotrophic Basidiomycota Agaricomycetes species with different decay strategies were cultivated on solid lignocellulose substrates to compare their extracellular decomposing carbohydrate-active and lignin-attacking enzyme production profiles. Two Polyporales species, the white rot fungus Phlebia radiata and brown rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola, as well as one Agaricales species, the intermediate “grey” rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, were cultivated on birch wood pieces for 12 weeks, whereas the second Agaricales species, the litter-decomposing fungus Coprinopsis cinerea was cultivated on barley straw for 6 weeks under laboratory conditions. During 3 months of growth on birch wood, only the white rot fungus P. radiata produced high laccase and MnP activities. The brown rot fungus F. pinicola demonstrated notable production of xylanase activity up to 43 nkat/mL on birch wood, together with moderate β-glucosidase and endoglucanase cellulolytic activities. The intermediate rot fungus S. commune was the strongest producer of β-glucosidase with activities up to 54 nkat/mL, and a notable producer of xylanase activity, even up to 620 nkat/mL, on birch wood. Low lignin-attacking but moderate activities against cellulose and hemicellulose were observed with the litter-decomposer C. cinerea on barley straw. Overall, our results imply that plant cell wall decomposition ability of taxonomically and ecologically divergent fungi is in line with their enzymatic decay strategy, which is fundamental in understanding their physiology and potential for biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Cellulase and Xylanase Activities of Mutants of Neurospora crassa Induced with Leaf Extract of Abroma augusta L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Apurba Lal Ray ◽  
Tahsina Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Morphological Mutants

Neurospora crassa, a non-pathogenic filamentous fungus produces hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, etc.) and is capable to convert lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, xylan) into simple sugars. Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities were evaluated using 4 morphological mutants of N. crassa induced with leaf extract of Abroma augusta L in comparison to the wild type (Ema). Enzymatic activity was expressed as International Unit (IU). It was found that N. crassa mycelia secrete cellulases (CMCase) and xylanases to the culture supernatant. Wild N. crassa (Ema) showed highest cellulase activity (0.066 IU) and mutant ro 197 showed lowest (0.013 IU) activity. In case of xylanase, wild showed highest (0.313 IU) and mutant ro 197 showed lowest (0.088 IU) activity. These enzymatic assays revealed that wild and mutants of N. crassa possess detectable cellulase and xylanase activity. Key words: Mutants; Neurospora crassa; Enzyme activitiesDOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5713Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 151-154, 2010

scholarly journals Characterization of the CAZy Repertoire from the Marine-Derived Fungus Stemphylium lucomagnoense in Relation to Saline Conditions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissal Ben Ali ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Elodie Drula ◽  
Annick Turbé-Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
De Novo Transcriptome ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing

Even if the ocean represents a large part of Earth’s surface, only a few studies describe marine-derived fungi compared to their terrestrial homologues. In this ecosystem, marine-derived fungi have had to adapt to the salinity and to the plant biomass composition. This articles studies the growth of five marine isolates and the tuning of lignocellulolytic activities under different conditions, including the salinity. A de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly were used in combination with a proteomic approach to characterize the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZy) repertoire of one of these strains. Following these approaches, Stemphylium lucomagnoense was selected for its adapted growth on xylan in saline conditions, its high xylanase activity, and its improved laccase activities in seagrass-containing cultures with salt. De novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly indicated the presence of 51 putative lignocellulolytic enzymes. Its secretome composition was studied in detail when the fungus was grown on either a terrestrial or a marine substrate, under saline and non-saline conditions. Proteomic analysis of the four S. lucomagnoense secretomes revealed a minimal suite of extracellular enzymes for plant biomass degradation and highlighted potential enzyme targets to be further studied for their adaptation to salts and for potential biotechnological applications.

Cellulase and xylanase activity of the rumen anaerobic fungi grown on untreated and sodium hydroxide treated barley straw

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
M. Rezaeian ◽  
D. S. Parker ◽  
G. W. Beakes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
The World

The treatment of straw with sodium hydroxide in order to upgrade its nutritive value and to increase the utilisation of its energy by ruminants has been widely employed in many parts of the world. The aim of the experiment was to assess the fibrolytic activity of the anaerobic fungi in vitro using either untreated or NaOH treated barley straw.Anaerobic fungi were isolated from the rumen of a sheep fed with a diet of hay and lucerne pellets using medium C based on that described by Davies et al. (1993) and as modified by Rezaeian (1996). The Isolates were inoculated into two series of culture media containing either sodium hydroxide treated (TS) or untreated milled straw (US). Five replicate cultures were prepared and incubated at 39 °C over a period of 12 days. The dry matter loss of the substrates and changes in pH of the medium cultures were measured.

scholarly journals Fiber-Degrading Systems of Different Strains of the Genus Fibrobacter

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2172-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Béra-Maillet ◽  
Yves Ribot ◽  
Evelyne Forano
Keyword(s):  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Xylanolytic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT The S85 type strain of Fibrobacter succinogenes, a major ruminal fibrolytic species, was isolated 49 years ago from a bovine rumen and has been used since then as a model for extensive studies. To assess the validity of this model, we compared the cellulase- and xylanase-degrading activities of several other F. succinogenes strains originating from different ruminants, including recently isolated strains, and looked for the presence of 10 glycoside hydrolase genes previously identified in S85. The NR9 F. intestinalis type strain, representative of the second species of the genus, was also included in this study. DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing first classified the strains and provided the phylogenetic positions of isolates of both species. Cellulase and xylanase activity analyses revealed similar activity profiles for all F. succinogenes strains. However, the FE strain, phylogenetically close to S85, presented a poor xylanolytic system and weak specific activities. Furthermore, the HM2 strain, genetically distant from the other F. succinogenes isolates, displayed a larger cellulolytic profile on zymograms and higher cellulolytic specific activity. F. intestinalis NR9 presented a higher cellulolytic specific activity and a stronger extracellular xylanolytic activity. Almost all glycoside hydrolase genes studied were found in the F. succinogenes isolates by PCR, except in the HM2 strain, and few of them were detected in F. intestinalis NR9. As expected, the fibrolytic genes of strains of the genus Fibrobacter as well as the cellulase and xylanase activities are better conserved in closely related phylogenetic isolates.

scholarly journals PDGFB, a new candidate plasma biomarker for venous thromboembolism: results from the VEREMA affinity proteomics study

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (23) ◽  
pp. e59-e66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bruzelius ◽  
Maria Jesus Iglesias ◽  
Mun-Gwan Hong ◽  
Laura Sanchez-Rivera ◽  
Beata Gyorgy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Plasma Biomarker ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Proteomics Study ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Affinity Proteomics

Key Points High-throughput affinity plasma proteomic profiling can identify candidate plasma biomarkers for VTE. Elevated plasma PDGFB levels are identified as associated with VTE in 2 independent case control studies.

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