scholarly journals A comprehensive review of imaging findings in COVID-19 - status in early 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Afshar-Oromieh ◽  
Helmut Prosch ◽  
Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop ◽  
Karl Peter Bohn ◽  
Ian Alberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Stage ◽  
Imaging Procedures ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Image ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

AbstractMedical imaging methods are assuming a greater role in the workup of patients with COVID-19, mainly in relation to the primary manifestation of pulmonary disease and the tissue distribution of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor. However, the field is so new that no consensus view has emerged guiding clinical decisions to employ imaging procedures such as radiography, computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging, and in what measure the risk of exposure of staff to possible infection could be justified by the knowledge gained. The insensitivity of current RT-PCR methods for positive diagnosis is part of the rationale for resorting to imaging procedures. While CT is more sensitive than genetic testing in hospitalized patients, positive findings of ground glass opacities depend on the disease stage. There is sparse reporting on PET/CT with [18F]-FDG in COVID-19, but available results are congruent with the earlier literature on viral pneumonias. There is a high incidence of cerebral findings in COVID-19, and likewise evidence of gastrointestinal involvement. Artificial intelligence, notably machine learning is emerging as an effective method for diagnostic image analysis, with performance in the discriminative diagnosis of diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia comparable to that of human practitioners.

scholarly journals 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT, Tc-99m-MIBI and TC-99m-MDP SPECT/CT in Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism with Renal Osteodystrophy

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Cristina Ferrari ◽  
Valentina Lavelli ◽  
Giulia Santo ◽  
Maria Teresa Frugis ◽  
Francesca Iuele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Mineral And Bone Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the semi-autonomous hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to hypercalcemia. It can be the end result of persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism and is most commonly observed in patients with long-standing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and often after renal transplantation. Untreated HPT can lead to progressive bone disease, fibrocystic osteitis, and soft-tissue calcifications, along with other severe complications. In the 2009 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is used to describe the broader clinical syndrome encompassing mineral, bone, and calcific cardiovascular abnormalities that develop as a complication of CKD. We report a 62-year-old female with a severe HPT evolved from advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 5D, KDIGO). Patient was evaluated with multimodality nuclear medicine functional imaging to assess hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands and bone lesions. Tc-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) dual-phase scintigraphy, Tc-99m-methylenediphosphonate (MDP) bone scan and 18F-Fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FCH PET/CT) were performed before surgery.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography at Diagnosis and Before Maintenance Therapy in Symptomatic Patients With Multiple Myeloma Included in the IFM/DFCI 2009 Trial: Results of the IMAJEM Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (25) ◽  
pp. 2911-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moreau ◽  
Michel Attal ◽  
Denis Caillot ◽  
Margaret Macro ◽  
Lionel Karlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) are important imaging techniques in multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted a prospective trial in patients with MM aimed at comparing MRI and PET-CT with respect to the detection of bone lesions at diagnosis and the prognostic value of the techniques. Patients and Methods One hundred thirty-four patients received a combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) with or without autologous stem-cell transplantation, followed by lenalidomide maintenance. PET-CT and MRI were performed at diagnosis, after three cycles of RVD, and before maintenance therapy. The primary end point was the detection of bone lesions at diagnosis by MRI versus PET-CT. Secondary end points included the prognostic impact of MRI and PET-CT regarding progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results At diagnosis, MRI results were positive in 127 of 134 patients (95%), and PET-CT results were positive in 122 of 134 patients (91%; P = .33). Normalization of MRI after three cycles of RVD and before maintenance was not predictive of PFS or OS. PET-CT became normal after three cycles of RVD in 32% of the patients with a positive evaluation at baseline, and PFS was improved in this group (30-month PFS, 78.7% v 56.8%, respectively). PET-CT normalization before maintenance was described in 62% of the patients who were positive at baseline. This was associated with better PFS and OS. Extramedullary disease at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS, whereas PET-CT normalization before maintenance was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Conclusion There is no difference in the detection of bone lesions at diagnosis when comparing PET-CT and MRI. PET-CT is a powerful tool to evaluate the prognosis of de novo myeloma.

scholarly journals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Accuracy in the Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Review and Cost-Effectiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nieves Gómez León ◽  
Sofía Escalona ◽  
Beatriz Bandrés ◽  
Cristobal Belda ◽  
Daniel Callejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Intravenous Contrast Medium ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Aim of the performed clinical study was to compare the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of PET/CT in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Material and Methods. Cross-sectional and prospective study including 103 patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC. All patients were examined using PET/CT with intravenous contrast medium. Those with disease stage ≤IIB underwent surgery (n=40). Disease stage was confirmed based on histology results, which were compared with those of PET/CT and positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) separately. 63 patients classified with ≥IIIA disease stage by PET/CT did not undergo surgery. The cost-effectiveness of PET/CT for disease classification was examined using a decision tree analysis.Results. Compared with histology, the accuracy of PET/CT for disease staging has a positive predictive value of 80%, a negative predictive value of 95%, a sensitivity of 94%, and a specificity of 82%. For PET alone, these values are 53%, 66%, 60%, and 50%, whereas for CT alone they are 68%, 86%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. Incremental cost-effectiveness of PET/CT over CT alone was €17,412 quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).Conclusion. In our clinical study, PET/CT using intravenous contrast medium was an accurate and cost-effective method for staging of patients with NSCLC.

scholarly journals Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography Combined with Computed Tomography in the Staging of Lymphomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
S. A. Kharuzhyk ◽  
E. A. Zhavrid ◽  
A. V. Dzyuban ◽  
K. V. Poddubnyy ◽  
E. V. Sukolinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective – to compare the diagnostic efficiency of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) in the staging of lymphomas.Material and methods. The prospective study enrolled 92 adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Before treatment, all the patients underwent whole-body DW-MRI and PET/CT. The techniques were compared for their efficiency in diagnosing damage to lymph nodes (LNs) and organs and in determining the stage of lymphoma.Results. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW-MRI in diagnosing a lesion in the enlarged LNs were 98.2%, 99.9%, and 99.3%, respectively; those of PET/CT were 99.4%, 100.0%, and 99.8%. ROC analysis showed that the efficiency of the techniques in diagnosing a lesion in the enlarged LNs did not differ (p>0.06). The sensitivity of DW-MRI and PET/CT in diagnosing a lesion in the unenlarged LNs was 77.8% and 88.1%, respectively (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW-MRI in diagnosing lung damage were 73.3%, 98.7%, 94.6%; those of PET/CT were 86.7%, 98.7%, and 96.7%; those for the spleen were 54.8%, 98.3%, 83.3% and 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%; those for bone marrow (BM) were 87.1%, 96.4%, 93.0% and 64.5%, 87.3%, 79.1%,; those for all organs were 72.9%, 98.1%, 91.4% and 80.0%, 96.6%, 92.2%. The ROC analysis indicated that the efficiency of the techniques in diagnosing a lesion in the lung did not differ (p>0.3), that of PET/CT for the spleen was higher (p <0.0001); that of DW-MRI for BM was higher (p<0.0008); that for all organs did not differ (p>0.35). DW-MRI and PET/CT could determine the correct stage of lymphoma in the same number of patients (86%). The new lymphoma staging algorithm involving whole-body DW-MRI in all patients, PET/CT, and BM biopsies according to the established indications made it possible to determine the correct stage of lymphoma in 95% of patients.Conclusion. Whole-body DW-MRI has comparable efficiency to PET/CT in the staging of lymphoma. The new lymphoma staging algorithm based on whole-body DW-MRI is superior to PET/CT and PET/CT with BM biopsy.

scholarly journals Visualized Characterization for Cerebral Response of Acupuncture Deqi: Paradox Underway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Ming-Xiao Yang ◽  
Fang Zeng ◽  
Xi Wu ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Natural Healing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Modern Technologies

Acupuncture as an oriental natural healing therapy with prolonged history has been extensively utilized in the management of great numbers of disorders. Deqi, a renowned acupuncture needling sensation, is profoundly regarded as the predictor and also the prerequisite of a preferable acupuncture treatment efficacy. Till now, there is still no consistency being reached towards the mechanism of acupuncture Deqi as a result of the discrepancy for publicly acknowledged evidence. Recent visualized research on Deqi using modern technologies has demonstrated possible central mechanism towards it. However, there is a conspicuous paradox underway in the research of cerebral response to acupuncture Deqi. This paper provided a view of up-to-date studies using visualized tools to characterize the brain response to acupuncture Deqi, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The paradox was extruded to highlight certain reasons from a TCM view. It is hypothesized that acupoints located at different dermal sites, state of participant, and needling manipulation can all contribute to the current paradox. Hence, further studies on acupuncture Deqi should pay more attention to the strategy of experiment design with generalized measurement, valid sham control methods, and more to subjects in diseased condition.

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