scholarly journals Chemotherapy-induced bowel ischemia: diagnostic imaging overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Reginelli ◽  
Angelo Sangiovanni ◽  
Giovanna Vacca ◽  
Maria Paola Belfiore ◽  
Maria Pignatiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Radiological Aspect ◽  
The One

AbstractCancer patients need multimodal therapies to treat their disease increasingly. In particular, drug treatment, as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or various associations between them are commonly used to increase efficacy. However, the use of drugs predisposes a percentage of patients to develop toxicity in multiple organs and systems. Principle chemotherapy drugs mechanism of action is cell replication inhibition, rapidly proliferating cells especially. Immunotherapy is another tumor therapy strategy based on antitumor immunity activation trough agents as CTLA4 inhibitors (ipilimumab) or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as nivolumab. If, on the one hand, all these agents inhibit tumor growth, on the other, they can cause various degrees toxicity in several organs, due to their specific mechanism of action. Particularly interesting are bowel toxicity, which can be clinically heterogeneous (pain, nausea, diarrhea, enterocolitis, pneumocolitis), up to severe consequences, such as ischemia, a rare occurrence. However, this event can occur both in vessels that supply intestine and in submucosa microvessels. We report drug-related intestinal vascular damage main characteristics, showing the radiological aspect of these alterations. Interpretation of imaging in oncologic patients has become progressively more complicated in the context of “target therapy” and thanks to the increasing number and types of therapies provided. Radiologists should know this variety of antiangiogenic treatments and immunotherapy regimens first because they can determine atypical features of tumor response and then also because of their eventual bowel toxicity.

scholarly journals Structural basis for inhibition of human primase by arabinofuranosyl nucleoside analogues Fludarabine and Vidarabine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Holzer ◽  
Neil J. Rzechorzek ◽  
Isobel R. Short ◽  
Michael Jenkyn-Bedford ◽  
Luca Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs

SUMMARYNucleoside analogues are widely used in clinical practice as chemotherapy drugs. Arabinose nucleoside derivatives such as Fludarabine are effective in the treatment of patients with acute and chronic leukemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although nucleoside analogues are generally known to function by inhibiting DNA synthesis in rapidly proliferating cells, the identity of theirin vivotargets and mechanism of action are often not known in molecular detail. Here we provide a structural basis for inhibition by arabinose nucleotides of human primase, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for initiation of DNA synthesis in DNA replication. Our data suggest ways in which the chemical structure of Fludarabine could be modified to improve its specificity and affinity towards primase, possibly leading to less toxic and more effective therapeutic agents.

Photoactive conjugated polymer/graphdiyne nanocatalyst for CO2 reduce into CO in living cells for hypoxia tumor treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endong Zhang ◽  
Zicheng Zuo ◽  
Wen Yu ◽  
Hao Zhao ◽  
Shengpeng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Co Gas

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy has grown to be an emerging tumor therapy strategy to avoid low treatment efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused by the hypoxia tumor microenvironment. However,...

scholarly journals Target Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasko Graklanov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in elderly patients. Over the past four decades the basic therapeutic armamentarium was the standard cytotoxic treatment. The new insights in understanding the pathogenesis of AML was the momentum that revolutionized the treatment landscape in AML. The last five years unprecedented growth has been seen in the number of target therapy drugs for the treatment of AML. These new drugs did not just have a clinical benefit as single agents but also have improved AML patient outcomes if combined with conventional cytotoxic therapy. Here, we review recent advances in target-based therapy for patients with AML focusing on their mechanism of action and the results from already published clinical trials.

scholarly journals Ultrasound microbubble contrast agent – carried chemotherapeutic drug microbubbles

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Junyang Song
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Development Prospect ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Microbubble Contrast Agent ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Non Invasive

With the continuous research and development of ultrasound microbubble contrast agent-carried chemotherapeutic drug microbubbles, ultrasound microbubble contrast agent not only facilitates the early detection and early diagnosis of tumors but also provides a new direction and development prospect for the drug delivery route. With a broad development prospect, it is expected to become a new safe, effective and non-invasive treatment. This paper reviews the biological effects and research progress of contrast-enhanced microbubble-loaded chemotherapy drugs in tumor therapy.

scholarly journals Cocktail Strategy Based on NK Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Dual Tumor Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Hu ◽  
Chen ◽  
Shou ◽  
Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapy Strategy

Successful cancer therapy requires drugs being precisely delivered to tumors. Nanosized drugs have attracted considerable recent attention, but their toxicity and high immunogenicity are important obstacles hampering their clinical translation. Here we report a novel “cocktail therapy” strategy based on excess natural killer cell-derived exosomes (NKEXOs) in combination with their biomimetic core–shell nanoparticles (NNs) for tumor-targeted therapy. The NNs were self- assembled with a dendrimer core loading therapeutic miRNA and a hydrophilic NKEXOs shell. Their successful fabrication was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The resulting NN/NKEXO cocktail showed highly efficient targeting and therapeutic miRNA delivery to neuroblastoma cells in vivo, as demonstrated by two-photon excited scanning fluorescence imaging (TPEFI) and with an IVIS Spectrum in vivo imaging system (IVIS), leading to dual inhibition of tumor growth. With unique biocompatibility, we propose this NN/NKEXO cocktail as a new avenue for tumor therapy, with potential prospects for clinical applications.

A Drug-Free Tumor Therapy Strategy: Cancer-Cell-Targeting Calcification

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 5225-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibo Zhao ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Xinyan Yang ◽  
Yun Xiao ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cell Targeting ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Cancer Cell Targeting ◽  
Drug Free

Anlotinib treatment in locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIB trial.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6019-6019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Li ◽  
Ping Zhang Tang ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Minghua Ge ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Therapy Strategy

6019 Background: Anlotinib (AL3818) is a novel multi-target TKI, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and proliferative signaling. Our previous single-arm phase 2 ALTN/MTC trial (NCT01874873) has demonstrated that anlotinib has a durable antitumor activity with a manageable adverse event profile in locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Here we report results of the phase IIB trial (ALTER01031, NCT02586350) of anlotinib for locally advanced or metastatic MTC with a larger samples. Methods: Between September 2015 and September 2018, 91 patients were enrolled in China. Eligible patients have diagnosed as phase IV MTC with relapsed and measurable disease and without antiangiogenetic target therapy. The patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive anlotinib or a matched placebo (12 mg QD from day 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle). Patients who have been diagnosed with disease progression by the Independent Imaging Committee could be unblinded and crossed to the treatment group if the patient previous treated by placebo. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: 91 patients were randomized 62 to anlotinib arm and 29 to placebo arm. Until the data cutoff date (1 Feb 2019), median PFS was 20.67 months (95%CI, 14.03-34.63) in anlotinib arm vs 11.07 (95%CI, 5.82-14.32) months in placebo arm (HR 0.53, p = 0.0289). The OS data were not sufficiently mature for analysis. Considerable improvement in ORR was observed over the two arms (48.39% vs 3.45%, p < 0.0001). The adverse events (AEs) were 100% in anlotinib arm and 89.66% in placebo arm. The most common AEs in anlotinib arm were hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diarrhea. Conclusion: ALTER01031 met its primary endpoint of PFS shows that anlotinib treatment is effective and well tolerated. The safety profile was consistent and no new adverse events were identified. These data potentially extend the role of anlotinib monotherapy as a new therapy strategy for MTC patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02586350.

Polyhedral boron derivatives of porphyrins and phthalocyanines

2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (11) ◽  
pp. 767-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR I. BREGADZE ◽  
IGOR B. SIVAEV ◽  
DETLEF GABEL ◽  
DIETER WÖHRLE
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Derivatives Of

The synthesis of compounds containing polyhedral boron cages and porphyrin or phthalocyanine units connected covalently in one molecule is reviewed. The importance of these compounds arises, on the one hand, from the use of polyhedral boron derivatives in neutron capture therapy for cancer; on the other hand, porphyrins and phthalocyanines are known as photosensitizers in photodynamic tumor therapy. Current interest in the binding of polyhedral boron compounds to porphyrins and phthalocyanines is due to the observation that porphyrins and phthalocyanines show improved uptake and good persistence in tissues. Medical applications of compounds containing polyhedral boron cages and porphyrin or phthalocyanine units in one molecule are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of Orasol Plus®, A Mouthwash Based on Plant Extracts, in Mucositis in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Other Substances

Breast cancer is the first and most common cancer in women and represents the leading cause of female cancer death. To treat cancer, the treatment that is giving more results is the conventional poly-chemotherapy with numerous other substances that have specific action, called target therapy. During the treatment of breast cancer, chemotherapy drugs lead to the frequent detection of side effects, first of all, the Oral Mucositis. Oral mucositis (OM) is a common in cancer therapy, found in a percentage of 15-40%, and cause severe sequelae and strong impact on a patient’s quality of life (QoL), health care costs, and ultimately outcome by influencing the treatment dose. There are some and limited therapeutic options to help reduce the severity of OM. Our study evaluated the action of a mix of natural supplements (swallowable solution, Orasol plus®, for reduction of mucositis during chemotherapy, with Lapacho (Tabebuia Avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb.), Camellia Sinensis L. Kuntze, Calendula Officinalis L, Malva Sylvestris L, Sisymbrium Officinale (L) Scop, Plantago Major L e Propoli) in 15 breast cancer patients under treatment with chemotherapy and target therapy. No patients had stopped the treatment because of mucositis. From 11 patients that have mucositis during treatment, 5 had complete remission at the and of the first cycle in the 4 patients who took Orasol Plus®, as a preventive measure, none developed mucositis during antiblastic treatments. The data of our study depose for the effectiveness of Orasol Plus® in the treatment of oral mucositis, in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. They need a larger study to insert Orasol Plus® in a standardized pathway in the treatment of oral mucositis during chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Mothers of schizophrenic patients: medical and psychological aspects of the problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
I. N. Khmaruk ◽  
V. V. Mrykhina ◽  
V. A. Soldatkin ◽  
V. V. Mrykhin ◽  
A. Ya. Perekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The One

Thus, we can talk about the obvious mutual influence between a child with schizophrenia and his mother. On the one hand, it can be manifested in the form of the fact that a certain number of personal characteristics of the mother is accompanied by the formation of high rates of schizoid and neurotic child. Of course, the presence of a certain psychological type of mother (as the only reason) is not enough for the emergence and development of schizophrenia, but the subsequent development of the child’s personal disorders, as a borderline between the norm and pathology, can already be the ground for the development of the disease in the presence of other more significant causes (for example, hereditary). On the other hand, the disease of the child can be a significant stress factor for the mother, leading to the formation of her manifestations of emotional stress and psychological maladjustment, which, in turn, can adversely affect not only the features of her relationship with the child, but also on the features of the course of his disease. The mechanisms of formation of such a «vicious circle» are poorly studied even theoretically, not to mention the fact that in routine psychiatric practice these issues do not fall into the focus of the psychiatrist’s attention, are not taken into account in the development of therapy strategy. However, the parameters of interaction between mother and child, the level of their mutual empathy, can be important for the formation of compliance in the treatment of schizophrenia, as the «conductor» of therapy in relation to a small patient is the mother. There is also no doubt that the level of mental health of the mother is an important resource for maintaining the viability of the whole family system and, in particular, a necessary condition for the organization of adequate therapy for a child with schizophrenia. Therefore, the study of the issues of mutual influence of the patient with schizophrenia and his mother, the development of ways to correct the problems arising in this case are an important scientific and practical task of modern psychiatry.

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