scholarly journals Governance Challenges at the Interface of Food Security and Biodiversity Conservation: A Multi-Level Case Study from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-730
Author(s):  
Tolera Senbeto Jiren ◽  
Julia Leventon ◽  
Nicolas W. Jager ◽  
Ine Dorresteijn ◽  
Jannik Schultner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Institutional Fit ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Governance Challenges

AbstractEnsuring food security while also protecting biodiversity requires a governance system that can address intra- and intersectoral complexity. In this paper, we sought to explore the governance challenges surrounding food security and biodiversity conservation through an empirical study in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia. We used bottom-up snowball sampling to identify stakeholders and then held semi-structured interviews with 177 stakeholders across multiple levels of governance. We also conducted 24 focus group discussions with local people. Data were transcribed and thematically analyzed for its contents. Challenges in the structure of institutions and policy incoherence were the key challenges identified for the governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. The challenges around institutional structure included incompatibilities of the nature of governing institutions with the complexity inherent within and between the two sectors examined. Incoherences in policy goals, instruments, and contradictions of policy output relative to the actual problems of food security and biodiversity further hampered effective governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. Notably, many of the challenges that influenced an individual sector also posed a challenge for the integrated governance of food security and biodiversity conservation, often in a more pronounced way. Based on our findings, we argue that governance in our case study area requires a more integrated and collaborative approach that pays attention to institutional interplay in order to ensure institutional fit and consistency across policy goals.

scholarly journals Reconciling food security and biodiversity conservation: participatory scenario planning in southwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolera S. Jiren ◽  
Jan Hanspach ◽  
Jannik Schultner ◽  
Joern Fischer ◽  
Arvid Bergsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia

Gender, biodiversity and food sovereignty in the ecosystems of Alto Mayo, Poster, Rioja, San Martín -The case of the peasant Carolina Ocampo Soplac

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Rider PANDURO-MELENDEZ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
San Martín

This document is based on a case study of small-scale peasant agriculture and in this case linked to a peasant woman who is a conservator of biodiversity; It was carried out in the district of Cartel, province of Rioja, department of San Martín, Upper Amazon of Peru. Open and semi-structured interviews were conducted and direct observations were made of the various activities that this peasant family, which exists on its family farms, with tours of each of its plots that it has on its plots, with the aim of recording on -site information regarding to the diversity that they collect, conserve, the uses and destinations that this diversity has, concentrating on the value of diversity that is oriented to the market and food security; Data from diversified production, production volumes, values to each of them and the destinations of production for food security were analyzed; confirming their resilience, adaptation and mitigation to the disorders of the contexts that currently appear. Keywords. Accompaniment, Peasant Woman, In situ, Food Security, Diversity and Local Markets

The relation between social pensions and health among poor older individuals in Colombia: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Philipp Hessel ◽  
Laura C. López ◽  
Ivonne Ordóñez-Monak ◽  
Catalina González-Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Social Pension ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Pension Benefits

Abstract We assessed the relation between social pension benefits and health among poor older individuals in Colombia based on a qualitative case study (N = 51) using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants were beneficiaries of the Colombia Mayor social pension programme, recruited through snowball sampling in one rural and one urban area. Participants reported using cash benefits mainly for purchasing essential foods and medicines, as well as for paying for household utilities and satisfying personal needs. Beneficiaries of the programme view the latter as being positively associated with their health as it not only satisfies material needs but also increases their sense of autonomy, emotional wellbeing and also promotes a positive and cheerful attitude. Despite most beneficiaries perceiving the programme as positively associated with their health and wellbeing, results also highlight the importance of the various individual- as well as contextual-level factors in determining the relation between social pensions and health.

“Natural allies”

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex H. Poole ◽  
Deborah A. Garwood
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Information Professionals

PurposeIn Digging into Data 3 (DID3) (2014-2016), ten funders from four countries (the USA, Canada, the UK, and the Netherlands) granted $5.1 million to 14 project teams to pursue data-intensive, interdisciplinary, and international digital humanities (DH) research. The purpose of this paper is to employ the DID3 projects as a case study to explore the following research question: what roles do librarians and archivists take on in data-intensive, interdisciplinary, and international DH projects?Design/methodology/approachParticipation was secured from 53 persons representing eleven projects. The study was conducted in the naturalistic paradigm. It is a qualitative case study involving snowball sampling, semi-structured interviews, and grounded analysis.FindingsLibrarians or archivists were involved officially in 3 of the 11 projects (27.3 percent). Perhaps more importantly, information professionals played vital unofficial roles in these projects, namely as consultants and liaisons and also as technical support. Information and library science (ILS) expertise helped DID3 researchers with issues such as visualization, rights management, and user testing. DID3 participants also suggested ways in which librarians and archivists might further support DH projects, concentrating on three key areas: curation, outreach, and ILS education. Finally, six directions for future research are suggested.Originality/valueMuch untapped potential exists for librarians and archivists to collaborate with DH scholars; a gap exists between researcher awareness and information professionals’ capacity.

scholarly journals Indigenous knowledge of ground-nesting stingless bees in southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amenay Assefa Kidane ◽  
Fisseha Mengstie Tegegne ◽  
Ayco Jerome Michel Tack
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Worker Bee

AbstractWhile Ethiopia has six species of stingless bees, indigenous knowledge of them has not been well documented. In southwestern Ethiopia, we documented the Sheka community’s knowledge of stingless bees. We used the snowball sampling technique to locate 60 experienced honey collectors, conducted semi-structured interviews, and complemented interviews with field observations during honey collection trips with interviewees. Given the scarcity of aboveground nesting stingless bees, honey collectors only collected honey from stingless bees nesting belowground. The average age of the honey collectors was 43 years, but there was much variation in both age and the number of years of experience, indicating that the tradition is handed down between generations. To find the underground nests in the field, honey collectors used several methods, including directly observing nest entrances and worker bee movement, attaching a thread to the worker bee, and listening for the humming sound of the bee’s natural enemy (wasp). Wild nests were always harvested destructively. A single farmer kept ground-nesting stingless bee colonies at his backyard using uniquely tailored wooden hives. Collected honey was used for home consumption, disease treatment, and the generation of income. Our findings illustrate the Sheka community’s deep indigenous knowledge of ground-nesting stingless bees. To facilitate the establishment of stingless bee beekeeping (meliponiculture) in the study area, we may build upon this indigenous knowledge by field research on the biology of stingless bees, taxonomic studies to assess the diversity and identity of ground-nesting stingless bees, and engineering studies to develop beekeeping practices. Together, this may allow for better income for local farmers and avoid the risk of overexploitation of wild stingless bee nests.

scholarly journals Indigenous knowledge on ground-nesting stingless bees in southwestern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amenay Assefa Kidane ◽  
Fisseha Mengstie Tegegne ◽  
Ayco Tack
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Worker Bee

While Ethiopia has several species of stingless bees, indigenous knowledge on them has not been well documented. Here, we document the indigenous knowledge of the Sheka community in southwestern Ethiopia on stingless bees. We used the snowball sampling technique to locate 60 experienced honey collectors, conducted semi-structured interviews, and complemented interviews with field observations during honey collection trips with interviewees. Honey collectors did not collect honey from aboveground nesting stingless bees, but only from stingless bees nesting belowground. To find the underground nests in the field, honey collectors used several methods, including direct observation of nest entrances and worker bee movement, attaching a thread to the worker bee, and listening for the humming sound of the bee’s natural enemy (wasp). Nests were harvested destructively. Interestingly, a single farmer kept ground-nesting stingless bee colonies at his backyard using uniquely tailored squared box hives. Collected honey is used for home consumption, disease treatment, and the generation of income. Our findings illustrate the deep indigenous knowledge of the Sheka community on wild ground-nesting stingless bees. To facilitate the establishment of stingless bee beekeeping (meliponiculture) in the study area, we may build upon this indigenous knowledge by field research on the biology of stingless bees, taxonomic studies to assess the diversity and identity of ground-nesting stingless bees, and engineering studies to develop beekeeping practices. Together, this may allow for better income for local farmers and avoid the risk of overexploitation of wild stingless bee nests.

scholarly journals Determining Teachers’ Educational Needs Regarding School Education Projects within the Scope of Erasmus + Programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Fatma Karakuş ◽  
Melis Yeşilpınar Uyar ◽  
Nur Leman Balbağ
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
School Education ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Education Projects ◽  
Erasmus Programme

The purpose of this study was to determine teachers’ educational needs regarding school education projects within the scope of Erasmus+ programme. In the study, the case study method, one of qualitative research designs, was used. The participants were determined using the snowball sampling method, and eight secondary school teachers took part in the study. The research data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the inductive analysis method. The results of the analysis revealed that the teachers had certain knowledge about the processes of planning, implementation and evaluation of the projects and that they did not acquire the necessary related skills at all, though. It was also found that the group work process and lack of related knowledge, skills and experience were among the factors making the functioning of the process difficult and that professional development was not fully achieved. All these results demonstrate that teachers are need of an in-service training which focuses more on the steps of the application process and on the integration of the objectives of the process into the curriculum and which aims to help acquire the related skills considering the functioning of the process as a whole.

scholarly journals Contributions of Organizational Culture to University Internationalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Doreen Ahwireng ◽  
Yegan Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Higher Education Internationalization ◽  
Community Relationship

Responding to an increasingly globalized world, universities are training students to function in a multicultural environment through internationalization. Institutional culture can influence policies and practices for internationalization. Research in internationalization indicate that majority of the studies on the contributions of organizational cultures to internationalization across universities focused on the perspectives of faculty and university senior level administrative personnel and neglected the views of students. This qualitative case study explored students’ understanding of how organizational culture contributes to promote internationalization using international events that occur at two U.S universities. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Purposeful and snowball sampling were employed to select domestic and international undergraduate and graduate students for the study. Findings indicate that integration into university family, community relationship, buffering, communication, symbols, and shared values and beliefs cultures are critical to promote higher education internationalization. 

scholarly journals Integrating rural development and biodiversity conservation in Central Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRIEDERIKE MIKULCAK ◽  
JENS NEWIG ◽  
ANDRA I. MILCU ◽  
TIBOR HARTEL ◽  
JOERN FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Rural Development Policy

SUMMARYUnlike most parts of the European Union (EU), Southern Transylvania (Central Romania) is characterized by an exceptionally high level of farmland biodiversity. This results from traditional small-scale farming methods that have maintained extensive areas of high nature value farmland. Following the post-socialist transition, Southern Transylvania faces serious challenges such as under-employment and rural population decline, which put traditional farming at risk. With Romania's accession to the EU in 2007, Southern Transylvania became part of a complex multi-level governance system that in principle provides mechanisms to balance biodiversity conservation and rural development. To this end, the most important instruments are the ‘Natura 2000’ network of protected areas and EU rural development policy. Structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with town hall representatives from 30 villages in Southern Transylvania and local EU experts revealed that EU policies are often poorly aligned with local conditions. To date, the implementation of EU rural development policy is strongly focused on economic development, with biodiversity conservation being of little concern. Moreover, relevant EU funding opportunities are poorly communicated. Bridging organizations should be strengthened to foster the implementation of a rural development strategy that integrates local needs and biodiversity conservation.

A systematic qualitative case study: questions, data collection, NVivo analysis and saturation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kausar Alam
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Saturation Process ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Sampling Procedures

PurposeThe study aims to explore the case study method with the formation of questions, data collection procedures and analysis, followed by how and on which position the saturation is achieved in developing a centralized Shariah governance framework for Islamic banks in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachUsing purposive and snowball sampling procedures, data have been collected from 17 respondents who are working in the central bank and Islamic banks of Bangladesh through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe study claims that researchers can form the research questions by using “what” question mark in qualitative research. Besides, the qualitative research and case study could explore the answers of “what” questions along with the “why” and “how” more broadly, descriptively and extensively about a phenomenon. Similarly, saturation can be considered attaining the ultimate point of data collection by the researchers without adding anything in the databank. Overall, this study proposes three stages of saturation: First, information redundancy. Second, referring the respondents (already considered in the study) without knowing anything about the data collection and their responses. Third, through the NVivo open coding process due to the decrease of reference or quotes in a certain position or in the saturation position as a result of fewer outcomes or insufficient information. The saturation is thus achieved in the diversified positions, i.e. three respondents for regulatory, nine for Shariah scholars and officers and five for the experts concerning the responses and respondents.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has potential implications on the qualitative research method, including the case study, saturation process and points, NVivo analysis and qualitative questions formation.Originality/valueThis research defines a case study with the inclusion of “what” and illustrates the saturation process in diverse positions. The qualitative research questions can also be formed with “what” in addition “why” and “how”.

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